The impact of exercise training on the lipid peroxidation metabolomic profile and respiratory infection risk in older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Silva ◽  
Eduardo Arend ◽  
Silvia M. Rocha ◽  
Alisa Rudnitskaya ◽  
Luís Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Effects of Heatwaves on Human Morbidity in Primary Care Settings: A Case-Crossover Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Alsaiqali ◽  
Katrien De Troeyer ◽  
Lidia Casas ◽  
Rafiq Hamdi ◽  
Christel Faes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This study assesses the potential acute effects of heatwaves on human morbidities in primary care settings. Methods: We performed a time-stratified case-crossover study to assess the acute effects of heatwaves on selected morbidities in primary care settings in Flanders, Belgium, between 2000 and 2015. We used conditional logistic regression models. We assessed the effect of heatwaves on the day of the event (lag 0) and X days earlier (lags 1 to X). The associations are presented as Incidence Density Ratios (IDR). Results: We included 22,344 events. Heatwaves are associated with increased heat-related morbidities such as heat stroke IDR 3.93 [2.94–5.26] at lag 0, dehydration IDR 3.93 [2.94–5.26] at lag 1, and orthostatic hypotension IDR 2.06 [1.37–3.10] at lag 1. For cardiovascular morbidities studied, there was only an increased risk of stroke at lag 3 IDR 1.45 [1.04–2.03]. There is no significant association with myocardial ischemia/infarction or arrhythmia. Heatwaves are associated with decreased respiratory infection risk. The IDR for upper respiratory infections is 0.82 [0.78–0.87] lag 1 and lower respiratory infections (LRI) is 0.82 [0.74–0.91] at lag 1. There was no significant effect modification by age or premorbid chronic disease (diabetes, hypertesnsion). Conclusion: Heatwaves are associated with increased heat-related morbidities and decreased respiratory infection risk. The study of heatwaves’ effects in primary care settings helps evaluate the impact of heatwaves on the general population. Primary care settings might be not suitable to study acute life-threatening morbidities.

The Impact of Exercise Training on Blood Lipids in Older Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Boardley ◽  
Mariane Fahlman ◽  
Robert Topp ◽  
Amy L. Morgan ◽  
Nancy McNevin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Impact

Measuring the impact of air pollution on respiratory infection risk in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanyi Tang ◽  
Qinling Yan ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Xiaodan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
The Impact

Kinematics of stair descent in young and older adults and the impact of exercise training

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar S. Mian ◽  
Jeanette M. Thom ◽  
Marco V. Narici ◽  
Vasilios Baltzopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Stair Descent ◽  
The Impact

Long-term central venous catheters and infections in older adults with cancer.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
Allison Nicole Lipitz Snyderman ◽  
Kent Sepkowitz ◽  
Elena B. Elkin ◽  
Laura C. Pinheiro ◽  
Peter Bach
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Central Venous Catheters ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

125 Background: Long-term central venous catheters (CVCs) facilitate venous access to administer intravenous fluids and treatments such as chemotherapy. However, CVCs can also be a source of harmful bloodstream infections, a risk that may be underappreciated. Our objective was to assess the impact of long-term CVC use on the risk of infections in a population-based cohort of cancer patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis using the population-based SEER-Medicare dataset for patients over age 65, diagnosed from 2005 to 2007 with invasive colorectal cancer (n = 36,272), head and neck cancers (n = 8,459), lung cancer (n = 56,770), pancreatic cancer (n = 10,536), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 14,432), or invasive or non-invasive breast cancer (n = 42,271). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the impact of CVC use on infection risk, with CVC exposure treated as a time-varying predictor. We used multivariable analysis and propensity score methods to control for patient characteristics. Results: Adjusting for demographic and disease characteristics, long-term CVCs significantly increased the risk of infection by at least 40%, across all cancer types (Table). The greatest effect of CVCs on infection risk was in patients with breast cancer. Conclusions: Long-term CVC use is associated with an increased risk of infections for older adults with cancer. Careful assessment of the need for long-term CVCs, and targeted strategies to reduce infections for patients requiring their use, are critical to improving cancer care quality. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Beneficial impacts of regular exercise on platelet function in sedentary older adults: evidence from a randomized 6-mo walking trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Haynes ◽  
Matthew D. Linden ◽  
Elisa Robey ◽  
Louise H. Naylor ◽  
Philip N. Ainslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Walking Exercise ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
The Impact

Platelet activation, including the formation of monocyte platelet aggregates (MPAs), contributes to atherosclerosis, thrombus formation, and acute coronary syndromes. Regular participation in exercise can lower cardiovascular risk, but little is known regarding the impact of exercise training on platelet function. We investigated the effect of 6 mo of walking exercise on platelet function in sedentary older adults without significant cardiovascular disease. Twenty-seven participants were randomly allocated to 6 mo of either: no-exercise ( n = 13) or 3 × 50 min/wk of supervised center-based walking ( n = 14). Circulating and agonist-induced MPAs were assessed using flow cytometry before [ month 0 (0M)] and after [ month 6 (6M)] the intervention. Circulating MPAs increased from 0M (3.7 ± 1.0%) to 6M (4.7 ± 1.6%) in the no-exercise group ( P = 0.009), whereas a nonsignificant decrease was observed in the walking group (0M 4.3 ± 1.7 vs. 6M 3.7 ± 1.2 %, P = 0.052). The change in MPAs between groups was significant ( P = 0.001). There were no differences between groups in platelet responses to agonists across the interventions (all P > 0.05). Collectively, these data suggest that the absence of regular exercise may increase MPAs, which are cellular mediators involved in atherosclerosis, while regular walking inhibits such increases. The thrombotic function of platelets appears to be relatively unaltered by exercise training. This study provides novel data related to the cardioprotective effects associated with participation in exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Monocyte-platelet aggregates contribute to atherosclerosis and exercise can lower cardiovascular risk. This is the first study to discover that a lack of regular physical activity is associated with increased monocyte-platelet aggregates over a 6-mo intervention period. In contrast, walking exercise inhibits increased monocyte-platelet aggregates in the circulation. This study highlights a novel pathway by which regular participation in exercise exerts its cardioprotective effects.

Cardiac baroreflex function and dynamic cerebral autoregulation in elderly Masters athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent L. Aengevaeren ◽  
Jurgen A. H. R. Claassen ◽  
Benjamin D. Levine ◽  
Rong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cerebral Autoregulation ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Baroreflex Function ◽  
Transfer Function Analysis ◽  
Masters Athletes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation ◽  
Lifelong Exercise

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is stably maintained through the combined effects of blood pressure (BP) regulation and cerebral autoregulation. Previous studies suggest that aerobic exercise training improves cardiac baroreflex function and beneficially affects BP regulation, but may negatively affect cerebral autoregulation. The purpose of this study was to reveal the impact of lifelong exercise on cardiac baroreflex function and dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) in older adults. Eleven Masters athletes (MA) (8 men, 3 women; mean age 73 ± 6 yr; aerobic training >15 yr) and 12 healthy sedentary elderly (SE) (7 men, 5 women; mean age 71 ± 6 yr) participated in this study. BP, CBF velocity (CBFV), and heart rate were measured during resting conditions and repeated sit-stand maneuvers to enhance BP variability. Baroreflex gain was assessed using transfer function analysis of spontaneous changes in systolic BP and R-R interval in the low frequency range (0.05–0.15 Hz). Dynamic CA was assessed during sit-stand–induced changes in mean BP and CBFV at 0.05 Hz (10 s sit, 10 s stand). Cardiac baroreflex gain was more than doubled in MA compared with SE (MA, 7.69 ± 7.95; SE, 3.18 ± 1.29 ms/mmHg; P = 0.018). However, dynamic CA was similar in the two groups (normalized gain: MA, 1.50 ± 0.56; SE, 1.56 ± 0.42% CBFV/mmHg; P = 0.792). These findings suggest that lifelong exercise improves cardiac baroreflex function, but does not alter dynamic CA. Thus, beneficial effects of exercise training on BP regulation can be achieved in older adults without compromising dynamic regulation of CBF.

scholarly journals Long-Term Central Venous Catheter Use and Risk of Infection in Older Adults With Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (22) ◽  
pp. 2351-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Lipitz-Snyderman ◽  
Kent A. Sepkowitz ◽  
Elena B. Elkin ◽  
Laura C. Pinheiro ◽  
Camelia S. Sima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Long-term central venous catheters (CVCs) are often used in patients with cancer to facilitate venous access to administer intravenous fluids and chemotherapy. CVCs can also be a source of bloodstream infections, although this risk is not well understood. We examined the impact of long-term CVC use on infection risk, independent of other risk factors such as chemotherapy, in a population-based cohort of patients with cancer. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis using SEER-Medicare data for patients age > 65 years diagnosed from 2005 to 2007 with invasive colorectal, head and neck, lung, or pancreatic cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or invasive or noninvasive breast cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the relationship between CVC use and infections, with CVC exposure as a time-dependent predictor. We used multivariable analysis and propensity score methods to control for patient characteristics. Results CVC exposure was associated with a significantly elevated infection risk, adjusting for demographic and disease characteristics. For patients with pancreatic cancer, risk of infections during the exposure period was three-fold greater (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.93; 95% CI, 2.58 to 3.33); for those with breast cancer, it was six-fold greater (AHR, 6.19; 95% CI, 5.42 to 7.07). Findings were similar when we accounted for propensity to receive a CVC and limited the cohort to individuals at high risk of infections. Conclusion Long-term CVC use was associated with an increased risk of infections for older adults with cancer. Careful assessment of the need for long-term CVCs and targeted strategies for reducing infections are critical to improving cancer care quality.

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