scholarly journals Variability of upper body kinematics in a highly constrained task – sprint swimming

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross H. Sanders ◽  
Chris Button ◽  
Carla B. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Upper Body ◽  
Sprint Swimming

scholarly journals The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Upper Body Strength, Sprint Swimming Performance and Kinematics in Competitive Adolescent Swimmers. A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10261
Author(s):  
Sofiene Amara ◽  
Tiago M. Barbosa ◽  
Yassine Negra ◽  
Raouf Hammami ◽  
Riadh Khalifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Stroke Rate ◽  
Sprint Swimming

This study aimed to examine the effect of 9 weeks of concurrent resistance training (CRT) between resistance on dry land (bench press (BP) and medicine ball throw) and resistance in water (water parachute and hand paddles) on muscle strength, sprint swimming performance and kinematic variables compared by the usual training (standard in-water training). Twenty-two male competitive swimmers participated in this study and were randomly allocated to two groups. The CRT group (CRTG, age = 16.5 ± 0.30 years) performed a CRT program, and the control group (CG, age = 16.1 ± 0.32 years) completed their usual training. The independent variables were measured pre- and post-intervention. The findings showed that the one-repetition maximum bench press (1RM BP) was improved only after a CRT program (d = 2.18; +12.11 ± 1.79%). Moreover, all sprint swimming performances were optimized in the CRT group (d = 1.3 to 2.61; −4.22 ± 0.18% to −7.13 ± 0.23%). In addition, the findings revealed an increase in velocity and stroke rate (d = 1.67, d = 2.24; 9.36 ± 2.55%, 13.51 ± 4.22%, respectively) after the CRT program. The CRT program improved the muscle strength, which, in turn, improved the stroke rate, with no change in the stroke length. Then, the improved stroke rate increased the swimming velocity. Ultimately, a faster velocity leads to better swim performances.

Buoyancy, Gender, and Swimming Performance

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott P. McLean ◽  
Richard N. Hinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Buoyant Force ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Upper Body Strength ◽  
Sprint Swimming

This study investigated the relationship of gender and buoyancy to sprint swimming performance. The center of buoyancy (CB) and center of mass (CM) were measured using reaction board principles. Performance was evaluated as the time needed to complete the middle 13.7 m of a 22.9-m sprint for kicking and swimming trials. Nineteen female swimmers (mean ±SD, 21.9 ± 3.2 years) had significantly more body fat (24.1 ± 4.5%) than 13 male swimmers (21.7 ± 4.2 years, 14.8 ± 5.0%). Males swam and kicked significantly faster (p< .01) than females. Percent body fat, upper body strength, the distance between the CB and CM (d), and the buoyant force measured in 3 body positions all met the criteria for entrance into a regression equation. When gender was not controlled in the analysis, these variables accounted for 70% of the variance in swim time (p< .008). When gender was controlled in the analysis, these variables accounted for 45% of the variance in swim time (p= .06). Percent body fat accounted for the largest amount variance in both regression analyses (39%,p< .001; 18%,p= 0.02, respectively). Upper body strength accounted for 14% of the variance in swim time (p= .006) when gender was not controlled but only 4% when gender was controlled (p= .27). The distancedas measured in a body position with both arms raised above the head was the buoyancy factor that accounted for the greatest amount of variance in swim time (6% when gender was not controlled,p= .06, 10%; when gender was controlled,p= .07). Percent body fat,d, and the buoyant force accounted for no significant amount of variance in kick time. These data suggested that a swimmer’s buoyancy characteristics did have a small but important influence on sprint swimming performance.

scholarly journals External heating garments used post-warm-up improve upper body power and elite sprint swimming performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L Wilkins ◽  
George Havenith
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
External Heating ◽  
Upper Body Power ◽  
Sprint Swimming

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of using an electrical heating garment during a 30-min recovery period after a standardized swimming warm-up on subsequent swimming performance and upper body power output. On two occasions, eight male and four female elite competitive swimmers completed a standardized swimming warm-up, followed by a 30-min passive recovery period before completing maximal plyometric press-ups and a 50-m freestyle swim. Plyometric press-ups determined starting strength, peak force and peak concentric power. During the recovery period, participants wore tracksuit bottoms and (1) a standard tracksuit top (CON) or (2) jacket with integrated electric heating elements (HEAT). The overall results demonstrated a trend of a relevant (>0.4%) improvement in the 50-m freestyle performance of 0.83% ( p = 0.06) in HEAT versus CON. In male participants, performance in the 50-m freestyle significantly improved by 1.01% (CON 25.18 ± 0.5 s vs HEAT 24.93 ± 0.4 s; p < 0.05), whereas female participants only showed a trend for an improvement of 0.38% (29.18 ± 0.5 s vs 29.03 ± 1.0 s; p = 0.09), in HEAT compared with CON, although statistical power for the latter test was low. Male participants’ starting strength, peak force and peak concentric power were 16.5 ± 13%, 18.1 ± 21% and 16.2 ± 21% greater, respectively, in HEAT compared with CON (all p < 0.01). In conclusion, external heating of the upper body between completion of the warm-up and performance through the utilization of an electrically heated jacket improves plyometric press-up power output and force production, as well as sprint swimming performance in males. This provides justification for future enhancement opportunities in sporting performance through the utilization of external heating systems. Optimization of the heating system for specific sports is required.

Permeability of the microcirculation in area postrema of rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Shams M. Ghoneim ◽  
Frank M. Faraci ◽  
Gary L. Baumbach
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adjacent Brain

The area postrema is a circumventricular organ in the brain stem and is one of the regions in the brain that lacks a fully functional blood-brain barrier. Recently, we found that disruption of the microcirculation during acute hypertension is greater in area postrema than in the adjacent brain stem. In contrast, hyperosmolar disruption of the microcirculation is greater in brain stem. The objective of this study was to compare ultrastructural characteristics of the microcirculation in area postrema and adjacent brain stem.We studied 5 Sprague-Dawley rats. Horseradish peroxidase was injected intravenously and allowed to circulate for 1, 5 or 15 minutes. Following perfusion of the upper body with 2.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate, the brain stem was removed, embedded in agar, and chopped into 50-70 μm sections with a TC-Sorvall tissue chopper. Sections of brain stem were incubated for 1 hour in a solution of 3,3' diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (0.05%) in 0.05M Tris buffer with 1% H2O2.

Mid-aortic syndrome: computed tomography angiography depicting extensive collateral circulation in an 11-year-old patient with thoracoabdominal aortic coarctation

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krohn ◽  
Gebauer ◽  
Hübler ◽  
Beck
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressures

The mid-aortic syndrome is an uncommon clinical condition characterized by severe narrowing of the descending aorta, usually with involvement of its renal and visceral branches, presenting with uncontrollably elevated blood pressures of the upper body, renal and cardiac failure, intestinal ischemia, encephalopathy symptoms and claudication of the lower limbs, although clinical presentation is variable. In this article we report the case of an eleven-year-old patient with the initial diagnosis of a mid-aortic syndrome and present the computed tomography angiography pictures and reconstructions before and after surgical therapy.

Congenital Syphilis Simulating Bone Neoplasm in 2-Month Old Infant – Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Eosinophilic Granuloma ◽  
Osteolytic Lesion ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Distal Fibula ◽  
X Ray

Introduction: Congenital Syphilis (CS) occurs through the transplacental transmission of Treponema pallidum in inadequately treated or non-treated pregnant women, and is capable of severe consequences such as miscarriage, preterm birth, congenital disease and/or neonatal death. CS has been showing an increasing incidence worldwide, with an increase of 208% from 2009 to 2015 in Brazil. Case report: 2-month old infant receives care in emergency service due to edema of right lower limb with pain in mobilization. X-ray with osteolytic lesion in distal fibula. Infant was sent to the Pediatrics Oncology clinic. Perinatal data: 7 prenatal appointments, negative serology at 10 and 30 weeks of gestation. End of pregnancy tests were not examined and tests for mother’s hospital admission were not requested. Mother undergone elective cesarean section at 38 weeks without complications. During the pediatric oncologist appointment, patient showed erythematous-squamous lesions in neck and other scar-like lesions in upper body. A new X-ray of lower limbs showed lesions in right fibula with periosteal reaction associated with aggressive osteolytic lesion compromising distal diaphysis, with cortical bone rupture and signs of pathological fracture, suggestive of eosinophilic granuloma. She was hospitalized for a lesion biopsy. Laboratory tests: hematocrit: 23.1 / hemoglobin 7.7 / leukocytes 10,130 (without left deviation) / platelets 638,000 / Negative Cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM and Toxoplasmosis IgG and IgM / VDRL 1:128. Congenital syphilis diagnosis with skin lesions, bone alterations and anemia. Lumbar puncture: glucose 55 / total proteins 26 / VDRL non reagent / 13 leukocytes (8% neutrophils; 84% monomorphonuclear; 8% macrophages) and 160 erythrocytes / negative VDRL and culture. X-ray of other long bones, ophthalmological evaluation and abdominal ultrasound without alterations. Patient was hospitalized for 14 days for treatment with Ceftriaxone 100mg/kg/day, due to the lack of Crystalline Penicillin in the hospital. She is now under outpatient follow-up. Discussion: CS is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. The ongoing increase of cases of this pathology reflects a severe health issue and indicates failures in policies for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, with inadequate follow-up of prenatal and maternity protocols.

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