Factors affecting social sustainability in the historical city centres of Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Arman Mirzakhani ◽  
Mateu Turró ◽  
Mostafa Behzadfar
Keyword(s):  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
City Centres

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Social Sustainability in Highway Projects in Missouri

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdel-Raheem ◽  
Charles Ramsbottom
Keyword(s):  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Social Sustainability of Traditional Malay Settlement

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Najiha Jaffar ◽  
Nor Zalina Harun ◽  
Mazlina Mansor
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Identity Safety ◽  
Open Access Article

Successful traditional settlements refer to a settlement environment that spontaneously built by residents who consider their existing site integrates with excellent social sustainability indicators. This study aims to determine the factors of physical character for social sustainability of a traditional settlement. Among the objectives is to identify the types of physical characteristics deemed as significant in daily social interaction among the locals. A quantitative method was employed using questionnaire survey distributed to 400 residents in two historic settlements in Kuala Terengganu. Such factors categorised into six latent factors, which are the preservation of local identity, safety, provision of infrastructure, natural qualities, accessibility, and availability of public spaces. Keywords: social sustainability; traditional settlement; factor analysis; Kuala Terengganu 2398-4279 © 2019 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v4i17.198

scholarly journals Role of Ergonomic Factors Affecting Production of Leather Garment-Based SMEs of India: Implications for Social Sustainability

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Koppiahraj Karuppiah ◽  
Bathrinath Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Syed Mithun Ali ◽  
Golam Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Poor Ventilation

This paper aims to identify, evaluate, and measure the ergonomic factors hampering the production of leather garment-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Ergonomic problems faced by the workers largely impact the health of individuals and also the productivity of a firm. Based on experts’ opinions and a literature survey, three emerging categories—namely, occupational disease, personal factors, and the industrial environment—with a total of twenty factors were identified to examine symmetrical impact in five leather garment companies. In this research work, Cronbach’s α was evaluated to check the validity of the ergonomic factors identified through the literature survey. Then, using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), the identified ergonomic factors were evaluated. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to validate the robustness of the results obtained using the integrated approach. Outdated machinery, vibration, operational setup, fatigue, and poor ventilation and lighting are the top five factors inducing ergonomic-related problems and hampering the production of the leather garment companies in India. These top ergonomic factors are the result of a failure in the provision of an ambient working environment. Providing ergonomically designed working environments may lower the occurrence of ergonomic problems. The findings of this study will assist industrial managers to enhance production rate and to progress towards social sustainability in Indian SMEs. The proposed symmetrical assessment in this study could also be considered as a benchmark for other companies in which human–machine interaction is significant.

scholarly journals Considerations on the Environmental and Social Sustainability of Animal-based Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santeramo ◽  
Lamonaca ◽  
Tappi ◽  
Di Gioia
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Bargaining Position

The contribution of the livestock sector to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as the worsening of animal welfare, with the intensification of production methods, have become increasingly relevant. Our contribution investigates the environmental impacts, in terms of methane and nitrous oxide emissions, of animal-based policies supported by the European Union. We examine factors affecting the adoption and the magnitude of related budget of Measure 215—animal welfare—of Rural Development Programmes 2007–2013. Our focus is cattle farming in Italy. The results highlight that the problem of animal welfare is highly perceived in regions with greater livestock intensity, also where GHG emissions are relevant. Given the adoption of measure 215, more budget tends to be allocated in regions where livestock units are particularly high. In addition, from the analysis emerges the bargaining position of regions with a higher propensity to the agricultural sector.

Modeling social sustainability in construction projects by integrating system dynamics and fuzzy‐DEMATEL method: a case study of highway project

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1595-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhdeh Rostamnezhad ◽  
Farnad Nasirzadeh ◽  
Mostafa Khanzadi ◽  
Mohammad Jafar Jarban ◽  
Masoud Ghayoumian
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Related Structure ◽  
Fuzzy Dematel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Social

PurposeThis research aims to model the social dimension of sustainability in construction projects. A new hybrid system dynamic (SD)–fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is proposed to analyze the various factors affecting social aspect of sustainability taking into account their complex interactions.Design/methodology/approachThe various factors affecting the social dimension of sustainable development are identified based on the opinions of 12 experts with an extensive experience in highway construction projects and a thorough knowledge and/or professional experience in the sustainability area. The qualitative model of social sustainability is constructed using SD approach and the complex inter-related structure of the various influencing factors are modeled using cause and effect feedback loops. Fuzzy set theory is applied to model the uncertainty of human judgments. The importance of various influencing factors is then determined quantitatively taking account of their complex interactions using the proposed SD-fuzzy DEMATEL method. The most significant influencing factors are finally determined.FindingsTo evaluate the performance of the proposed method, it is implemented on a real highway project and the importance of various factors affecting the social sustainability is determined. A set of complex interrelated factors affecting social sustainability are divided into cause and effect groups, and the root causes affecting the social sustainability performance of the project are determined. Therefore, the required managerial actions can be taken to improve the social sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsWell-qualified experts with a well-developed mental model of social sustainability are necessary to provide required input data for modeling social sustainability using the proposed approach. The absence of such experts could be a limitation for the implementation of the proposed model on a new project.Practical implicationsThe proposed Hybrid SD-fuzzy DEMATEL method provides a practical and robust tool to analyze the various factors affecting social sustainability taking into account their complex interactions.Originality/valueThe proposed method offers a more precise and accurate analysis of various factors affecting social sustainability of construction projects since the complex inter-related structure of influencing factors as well as the vague and imprecise nature of experts' judgment is taken into account efficiently.

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Factors affecting microstructural scale in liquid crystalline polymers

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Christine M. Dannels ◽  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Planar Orientation ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Processing polymers from the liquid crystalline state offers several advantages compared to processing from conventional fluids. These include: better axial strength and stiffness in fibers, better planar orientation in films, lower viscosity during processing, low solidification shrinkage of injection moldings (thermotropic processing), and low thermal expansion coefficients. However, the compressive strength of the solid is disappointing. Previous efforts to improve this property have focussed on synthesizing stiffer molecules. The effect of microstructural scale has been overlooked, even though its relevance to the mechanical and physical properties of more traditional materials is well established. By analogy with the behavior of metals and ceramics, one would expect a fine microstructure (i..e. a high density of orientational defects) to be desirable.Also, because much microstructural detail in liquid crystalline polymers occurs on a scale close to the wavelength of light, light is scattered on passing through these materials.

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