Sri Lanka’s legal framework for marine pollution control: an evaluation of the Marine Pollution Prevention Act, No. 35 of 2008

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Ranil Kavindra Asela Kularatne
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Prevention Act

scholarly journals La contribution du Canada au développement du droit international pour la protection du milieu marin : Le cas spécial de l’Arctique

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-466
Author(s):  
Donat Pharand
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Prevention Act ◽  
Arctic Pollution ◽  
Droit International ◽  
Stockholm Conference

Immediately after the adoption of its Arctic Pollution Prevention Act in 1970, Canada embarked on intense diplomatic efforts in a number of international for a to obtain recognition of international law principles which would serve as a basis for its legislation. These efforts were pursued mainly in three international conferences : the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment of 1972, the London Conference of the International Maritime Consultative Organization on the prevention of pollution by ships in 1973 and the United Nations Third Law of the Sea Conference which began in 1974 at Caracas. At the 1975 session of that Conference, held in Geneva, a form of Artic clause was inserted in the first Negotiating Text and it provided that coastal States could adopt special protective measures in special areas within their exclusive economic zone, where exceptional hazards to navigation prevailed and marine pollution could cause irreversible disturbance of the ecological balance. In 1976, the provision was enlarged to enable coastal States themselves to enforce such protectives measures, instead of leaving the enforcement to the flag State, and the provision has been kept without change in all the subsequent negotiating texts of 1977, 1979 and 1980. Considering the wide consensus which this provision has received, particularly on the part of other Arctic States, it may now be regarded as part of customary international law and completely validates Canada's arctic legislation.

Taiwan's legal framework for marine pollution control and responses to marine oil spills and its implementation on T.S. Taipei cargo shipwreck salvage

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihhao Fan ◽  
Cheng-Jui Hsu ◽  
Jia-Yu Lin ◽  
Yung-Kai Kuan ◽  
Chieh-Chung Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Marine Oil Spills

PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION THROUGH UNDERSTANDING

1971 ◽  
Vol 1971 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
And Training

ABSTRACT In order to place new emphasis on marine pollution prevention in the complex field of tanker operations, the author developed, and is currently conducting, a Shipboard Pollution Control Indoctrination and Training Program. This program, presented on-board during passage, covers all aspects of ship operations at sea and in port which have pollution potential. Through the use of movies, slides, formal and informal discussion sessions the officers and crew are given a better understanding of the economic, legal and technical factors of marine pollution; good operating practices are reviewed; the ship/terminal relationship is explored; the policies and programs of management are emphasized; personnel are prepared for more effective action should an incident occur; and the overall pollution control posture of the vessel and terminals is evaluated. Meetings with management are held before and after the shipboard session as a result of which comprehensive pollution control programs are instituted or updated based to a great extent upon the feedback from the ships and recommendations of the author. Based upon experiences with independent, oil company and government contract tanker operators, and government agencies functioning in the field, 1) details of the program and its reception are reviewed, 2) observations are presented relative to conditions and particular problem areas encountered, 3) suggestions for further concerted efforts in the direction of pollution prevention are set forth and, 4) further desirable actions in the direction of education and training are outlined.

Marine pollution in Orkney

1985 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
I. M. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Crab Hepatopancreas ◽  
Organohalogen Compounds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Surrounding Areas

SynopsisThis paper briefly reviews the legal framework of pollution control in Orkney, and discusses the occurrence of the main categories of contaminants there.There is no indication of elevated concentrations of organohalogen compounds in Orkney shellfish. The main potential source of hydrocarbon contamination is thoroughly monitored, and no major adverse effect has been noted.High concentrations (up to 62 μg/g wet wt) of cadmium occur in edible crab hepatopancreas from Orkney, Shetland and surrounding areas. A consideration of cadmium concentrations in a range of species suggests a regional geochemical anomaly for cadmium, affecting biota perhaps through solid phases.

In the Search of an Appropriate Legal Framework to Prevent Environmental Risks Caused by Navigation in the Black Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 194-230
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Oanta
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
International Responsibility ◽  
The One

This article addresses the legal framework pertaining to navigation in the Black Sea (including the Turkish Straits System) – which is currently one of the busiest trade routes globally – and its implications for the protection and preservation of the marine environment in this region. This framework is a comprehensive and complex system that is based, on the one hand, upon norms established by different global diplomatic conferences and international organizations that are therefore also applicable to the Black Sea and its coastal States; on the other hand, the regional cooperation fora for the Black Sea have also created specific standards for the region. In addition, the implications of the delimitation of maritime areas in the Black Sea and the international responsibility of States in the field of marine pollution caused by navigation will also be examined.

scholarly journals Policy, Regulations and Standards in Prognostics and Health Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Goebel ◽  
Ravi Rajamani
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Prognostics And Health Management ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Prevention Act ◽  
Maintenance Policies ◽  
Legal Constraints

As the field of PHM matures, it needs to be aware of the regulations, policies, and standards that will both impose boundaries as well as provide guidance for operations. All three - regulations, policies, and standards - provide information on how to design or operate something, but with different degrees of enforceability. Policies include both public policies as well as organizational policies. Operators may be required to adhere to public policies(say, an environmental policy which provides guidance for the pollution prevention act (the latter is a US law)) whereas organisational often reflect policies that come out of strategic considerations within private organizations (such as maintenance policies). Regulations (such as aeronautics or nuclear energy) typically impose binding rules of engagement and are imposed by regulatory bodies that are responsible for a particular field. Standards, in contrast, are community-consensus guidelines that are meant to provide benefit to the community by describing best practices. Adoption of such guidelines is entirely voluntary but may provide benefits by not having to reinvent the wheel and for finding common ground amongst other adopters. Awareness of both guidelines and barriers will enable practitioners in adopting best practices within the legal constraints. This paper provides an overview of the current regulations, policies, and standards in the field of Prognostics and Health Management.

scholarly journals Pollution Prevention/Environmental Sustainability for Industry

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Bruce Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Prevention Act

It has been 30 years since, in the United States, the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 focused attention on reducing pollution through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use [...]

The Risk Probability Analysis of Oil Spill on Offshore Facilities Based on ETA

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 809-814
Author(s):  
Yun Bin Li ◽  
Cheng Gang Tang ◽  
Xian Feng Wang ◽  
Peng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
The Core ◽  
Eta Model ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
Core Problem

The oil spill probability is the core problem on studying the risk of oil spill. The oil spill probability model of offshore facilities is established, which based on the ETA model and the oil spill reason analysis of offshore facilities and subsea pipelines. Through a lot of statistics, combined with the actual situation in the Bohai Sea, the probability of various events is calculated. Finally the probability of oil spill for the Bohai Sea oil facilities and subsea pipelines is calculated and providing references for marine pollution prevention and the study of oil spill risks.

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