PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION THROUGH UNDERSTANDING

1971 ◽  
Vol 1971 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
And Training

ABSTRACT In order to place new emphasis on marine pollution prevention in the complex field of tanker operations, the author developed, and is currently conducting, a Shipboard Pollution Control Indoctrination and Training Program. This program, presented on-board during passage, covers all aspects of ship operations at sea and in port which have pollution potential. Through the use of movies, slides, formal and informal discussion sessions the officers and crew are given a better understanding of the economic, legal and technical factors of marine pollution; good operating practices are reviewed; the ship/terminal relationship is explored; the policies and programs of management are emphasized; personnel are prepared for more effective action should an incident occur; and the overall pollution control posture of the vessel and terminals is evaluated. Meetings with management are held before and after the shipboard session as a result of which comprehensive pollution control programs are instituted or updated based to a great extent upon the feedback from the ships and recommendations of the author. Based upon experiences with independent, oil company and government contract tanker operators, and government agencies functioning in the field, 1) details of the program and its reception are reviewed, 2) observations are presented relative to conditions and particular problem areas encountered, 3) suggestions for further concerted efforts in the direction of pollution prevention are set forth and, 4) further desirable actions in the direction of education and training are outlined.

scholarly journals PENTINGNYA PEMAHAMAN AWAK KAPAL MENGENAI ANNEX I MARPOL 1973/1978 DAN LATIHAN PENCEGAHAN PENCEMARAN MINYAK TERHADAP PENANGGULANGAN PENCEMARAN MINYAK DARI KAPAL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuncowati
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
International Maritime Organisation ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil Tanks ◽  
And Training

<p>One of the sources of oil pollotion at sea is from ships. This could happen because of ship accidents, tanker ship loading and discharge activities, tanks cleaning and from the ship machinery waste. Crews ship play an important role in preventing and countermeasure oil pollution at sea. International Maritime Organization (IMO) mandated that in education and training seafarers are given material on environmental awareness and pollution prevention at sea. This is meant that seafarers are understood the provisions contained in Marine Pollution (MARPOL) 1973/1978. However, sewage from the engine room and oil tanks or fuel sewage are found from the nearest land that does not meet the provisions in Marpol 1973/1978 Annex I which is very dangerous for marine ecosystems and human. This research was using questionnaire and the respondent was crews ships. This research was using quantitative analysis methods such as multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test and determination test to know the importance of the crew ship understanding on MARPOL 1973/1978 Annex I and oil pollution prevention drills due to countermeasure oil pollution at sea . Prevention of pollution at the sea also cannot be separated from the monitor and the responsibilities of the government and related parties.</p><p><strong>Keywords : MARPOL 1973/1978, Annex I, Oil Pollution at Sea, Crew</strong></p><p>Salah satu sumber pencemaran minyak di laut adalah kapal,hal itu terjadi karena kecelakaan kapal, kegiatan bongkar muat kapal tanker,pembersihan tanki (tank cleaning) maupun dari limbah ruang permesinan kapal.Awak kapal sangat memegang peranan penting dalam mencegah dan menanggulangi pencemaran minyak di laut,. IMO (International Maritime Organisation) dalam diklat pendidikan dan latihan, pelaut diberikan materi mengenai kepedulian lingkungan dan pencegahan polusi di laut oleh kapal ,untuk mengetahui dan memahami ketentuan – ketentuan yang terdapat dalam Marine Polution (MARPOL) 1973/1978 akan tetapi masih dijumpai kapal yang membuang air got dari ruang mesin maupun air bekas mencuci tanki minyak ataupun bahan bakar dengan kandungan minyak dan jarak pembuangan dari daratan terdekat yang tidak memenuhi ketentuan dalam annex I Marpol 1973/1978, hal ini sangat berbahaya bagi ekosistem laut dan manusia.Dengan menyebar angket quitioner kepada responden yaitu awak kapal dengan metode analisisis kuantitatif yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda ,Uji t, Uji F dan uji determinasi dapat diketahui pentingnya pemahamanan awak kapal mengenai annex I MARPOL 1973/1978 dan latihan pencegahan pencemaran minyak terhadap penanggulangan pencemaran minyak di laut.Selain itu penanggulangan pencemaran minyak di laut juga tidak lepas dari monitor serta tanggung jawab pemerintahan dan pihak yang terkait.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci : Pencemaran Minyak di Laut, Awak Kapal, MARPOL</strong></p>

THE LEGAL PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION PREVENTION IN LATVIAN PORTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (78) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Aldis Dreiblathens
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Maritime Shipping ◽  
And Training

Still more are issued in Latvia legislation in pollution prevention and are increasingly made environmental protection measures and pollution prevention procedures, documentation and training the staff responsible. The ports of Latvia, as an essential component of maritime shipping must take a definite position on the prevention of marine pollution. The port authorities, as the United Unions and IMO Member State, in accordance with THE recommendations of the ingredients, should be laid down for the regulations, which not only to facilitate, but also to contribute to the work of the authorities responsible for the investigation of maritime accidents and pollution reduction. Work examines how the local governments of Latvian big ports in process of issue of port rules, account shall be taken of the HELCOM recommendations, as well as the improvement of the knowledge of the regulatory framework is provided and how to improve the fight against environmental pollution and development of Latvian ports.

Fistulous-type vein of Galen malformation phantom model for endovascular training and research

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 880-886
Author(s):  
Dan Meila ◽  
Katharina Melber ◽  
Dominik Grieb ◽  
Collin Jacobs ◽  
Heinrich Lanfermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Vein Of Galen ◽  
Vein Of Galen Malformation ◽  
Phantom Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Training

IntroductionVein of Galen malformation (VGM), a high-flow intracranial arteriovenous shunt, is among the most severe neurovascular diseases in childhood. In many cases untreated children die or survive only severely disabled. Endovascular embolization is the preferred treatment.ObjectiveTo develop a simple fistulous-type VGM phantom model for teaching and training of different endovascular treatment methods and to investigate new treatment options and devices.MethodsAn experimental in vitro pulsatile phantom model was developed imitating a high-flow fistulous-type VGM, which is typical, especially in the neonatal phase. Pressure measurements at different arterial sites were performed before and after closure of the VGM. Closure of the VGM was achieved by coiling using a combined microcatheter-based transvenous and transarterial approach called ‘kissing microcatheter technique’.ResultsThe behaviour of the phantom model in vitro under fluoroscopy and under angiographic runs was extremely similar to that in in vivo conditions in children. The results showed that intra-arterial pressures changed and increased statistically significantly at all measurement sites after embolization, as in human arteriovenous malformation. We also demonstrated different and complementary visualizations of hemodynamics and angioarchitecture by antegrade and retrograde microcatheter injections.ConclusionsOur phantom model behaves like a typical fistulous-type VGM and can be used in vitro for teaching and training and for further research. It offers a new and better understanding of hemodynamics and angioarchitecture in the endovascular management of VGM.

scholarly journals The Effects of Education and Training Given to Phlebotomists for Reducing Preanalytical Errors

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Demet Arslan ◽  
Inanc Karakoyun ◽  
Banu Isbilen Basok ◽  
Merve Zeytinli Aksit ◽  
Esma Celik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Answer ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
Preanalytical Phase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patient Preparation ◽  
And Training

SummaryBackground:The most common sources of error in the preanalytical phase are considered to be at the stage of patient preparation and sample collection. In order to reduce the preanalytical errors, we aimed to determine the level of phlebotomists knowledge about the preanalytic phase before and after planned trainings in the study.Methods:Training about preanalytical processes was given to the 454 health professionals and the majority of them were employed as nurse. Questionnaires before and after training were conducted. In order to assess the effect of the training into the process, preanalytical error rates were calculated before and after training.Results:The total correct answer rates of vocational school of health diplomaed were statistically lower than the total correct answer rates of other. It was observed significantly increase in the rate of correct answers to questionnaire and significantly decrease in preanalytical error rates after training.Conclusions:The results of the survey showed that the attitudes of the phlebotomists were diverse in the preanalytical processes according to the levels of education and their practices. By providing training to all staff on a regular basis, their information about preanalytical phase could be updated and hence, it may possible to significantly reduce the preanalytical errors in health practice and nursing science.

The Risk Probability Analysis of Oil Spill on Offshore Facilities Based on ETA

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 809-814
Author(s):  
Yun Bin Li ◽  
Cheng Gang Tang ◽  
Xian Feng Wang ◽  
Peng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
The Core ◽  
Eta Model ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
Core Problem

The oil spill probability is the core problem on studying the risk of oil spill. The oil spill probability model of offshore facilities is established, which based on the ETA model and the oil spill reason analysis of offshore facilities and subsea pipelines. Through a lot of statistics, combined with the actual situation in the Bohai Sea, the probability of various events is calculated. Finally the probability of oil spill for the Bohai Sea oil facilities and subsea pipelines is calculated and providing references for marine pollution prevention and the study of oil spill risks.

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