Dubious News: The Social Processing of Uncertain Facts in Uncertain Times

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Andrew Duffy ◽  
Natalie Ning Tan
Keyword(s):  
Social Processing ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Neuromodulation Special IssueNon-invasive stimulation of the social brain: the methodological challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegan Penton ◽  
Caroline Catmur ◽  
Michael J Banissy ◽  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Vincent Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Reliable Interpretation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Use of non-invasive brain stimulation methods (NIBS) has become a common approach to study social processing in addition to behavioural, imaging and lesion studies. However, research using NIBS to investigate social processing faces challenges. Overcoming these is important to allow valid and reliable interpretation of findings in neurotypical cohorts, but also to allow us to tailor NIBS protocols to atypical groups with social difficulties. In this review, we consider the utility of brain stimulation as a technique to study and modulate social processing. We also discuss challenges that face researchers using NIBS to study social processing in neurotypical adults with a view to highlighting potential solutions. Finally, we discuss additional challenges that face researchers using NIBS to study and modulate social processing in atypical groups. These are important to consider given that NIBS protocols are rarely tailored to atypical groups before use. Instead, many rely on protocols designed for neurotypical adults despite differences in brain function that are likely to impact response to NIBS.

Insights on lean gamification for higher education

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Deif
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Lean Thinking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Purpose There is no argument that using games (gamification) is an efficient way of learning in higher education. The questions, though, are which gamification approach is most suitable at that level and how to assess its suitability? This paper aims to attempt to partially answer these two questions, in the context of lean thinking education. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers an assessment criteria to investigate the impact of lean gamification based on the evaluation of motivational, cognitive and social processing during games. In addition, a study is conducted among selected games using these assessment criteria. The study included statistical as well as comparative analysis. The study was based on a sample of undergraduate students learning various lean thinking concepts through physical games over the course of six months. Findings Results showed different interaction levels between the three evaluation criteria depending on the type and design of the lean game. The reported scores and analysis drew various lessons on how to use gamification in the context of lean teaching, outlined some best practices in lean games design and suggested recommendations in mapping lean games from industrial domain to higher education domain. Research limitations/implications The scope of this research was bounded by the sample size of students as well as the selected nine lean thinking games. Larger pool of students as well as other lean thinking games can offer further insights and confirm the outlined ones. Practical implications The presented work will help lean thinking educators in higher education to better understand the student dynamics associated with engaging them in this type pf pedagogical approach. It will help guiding lean thinking games’ designer on how to better cater for this segment of lean thinking learners. Finally, it will aid in promoting lean gamification as an effective learning tool. Social implications The social impact is achieved through enhancing lean thinking education to a wide number of students. This will positively impact the society through the application of the effective lean tools at different stages, levels and places in these students’ life experiences. Originality/value This study offers one of the very few applications in gamification assessment in the context of lean thinking. Furthermore, it integrates the social processing criterion for the first time with the classical two other criteria (motivation and cognitive) used in games education assessment. Finally, it offers new insights for lean thinking game designers for higher education learners.

scholarly journals Vocomotor and Social Brain Networks Work Together to Express Social Traits in Voices

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 6004-6020
Author(s):  
Stella Guldner ◽  
Frauke Nees ◽  
Carolyn McGettigan
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vocal Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Voice Modulation ◽  
Social Trait ◽  
Trait Space

Abstract Voice modulation is important when navigating social interactions—tone of voice in a business negotiation is very different from that used to comfort an upset child. While voluntary vocal behavior relies on a cortical vocomotor network, social voice modulation may require additional social cognitive processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural basis for social vocal control and whether it involves an interplay of vocal control and social processing networks. Twenty-four healthy adult participants modulated their voice to express social traits along the dimensions of the social trait space (affiliation and competence) or to express body size (control for vocal flexibility). Naïve listener ratings showed that vocal modulations were effective in evoking social trait ratings along the two primary dimensions of the social trait space. Whereas basic vocal modulation engaged the vocomotor network, social voice modulation specifically engaged social processing regions including the medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, and precuneus. Moreover, these regions showed task-relevant modulations in functional connectivity to the left inferior frontal gyrus, a core vocomotor control network area. These findings highlight the impact of the integration of vocal motor control and social information processing for socially meaningful voice modulation.

scholarly journals On the realness of people who do not exist: the social processing of artificial faces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Tucciarelli ◽  
Neza Vehar ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Social Conformity ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
The Social

Today more than ever, we are asked to judge the realness, truthfulness and trustworthiness of our social world. We here focus on how people perceive artificially-generated faces. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) faces are realistic-looking faces of non-existing people, increasingly used in marketing, journalism, social media, and political propaganda. Across three studies, we investigated if and how participants can distinguish between GAN and Real faces and the social consequences of exposure to artificial faces. GAN faces were more likely to be perceived as real than Real faces, a pattern partly explained by certain intrinsic stimuli characteristics. Moreover, participants’ realness judgments influenced their behaviour, displaying increased social conformity towards faces perceived as real, independently of their actual realness. Lastly, knowledge about the existence of GAN faces eroded social trust. Our findings point to the potentially far-reaching consequences of the ubiquitous use of GAN faces in a culture powered by images at unprecedented levels.

scholarly journals Complementary hemispheric lateralization of language and social processing in the human brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Rajimehr ◽  
Arsalan Firoozi ◽  
Hossein Rafipoor ◽  
Nooshin Abbasi ◽  
John Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Neural Architecture ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Tasks ◽  
Core Language ◽  
Language Areas ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Humans have a unique ability to use language for social communication. The neural architecture for language comprehension and production may have emerged in the brain areas that were originally involved in social cognition. Here we directly tested the fundamental link between language and social processing using functional MRI data from over 1000 human subjects. Cortical activations in language and social tasks showed a striking similarity with a complementary hemispheric lateralization; within core language areas, the activations were left-lateralized in the language task and right-lateralized in the social task. Outside these areas, the activations were left-lateralized in both tasks, perhaps indicating multimodal integration of social and communicative information. Our findings could have important implications in understanding neurocognitive mechanisms of social disorders such as autism.

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

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