Mapping the relationship between religion and social policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuele Pavolini ◽  
Daniel Béland ◽  
Rana Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Major Aspect ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractReligion is a major aspect of human life that directly intersects with a number of social policy issues. Although much has been written about the religion-social policy nexus, the literature remains overly fragmented. Focusing primarily on Western Europe and North America, this review essay seeks to create a fruitful dialogue among the three main streams of research in the area, which respectively that focus on political parties, faith-based organisations, and individual behaviour. This essay has the goal of formulating a new, integrated agenda for future research on the religion and social policy nexus that also extends beyond Western societies.

scholarly journals Immigration policy and the modern welfare state, 1880–1920

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Kalm ◽  
Johannes Lindvall
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Modern Welfare State ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Welfare State

This article puts contemporary debates about the relationship between immigration policy and the welfare state in historical perspective. Relying on new historical data, the article examines the relationship between immigration policy and social policy in Western Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the modern welfare state emerged. Germany already had comparably strict immigration policies when the German Empire introduced the world’s first national social insurances in the 1880s. Denmark, another early social-policy adopter, also pursued restrictive immigration policies early on. Almost all other countries in Western Europe started out with more liberal immigration policies than Germany’s and Denmark’s, but then adopted more restrictive immigration policies and more generous social policies concurrently. There are two exceptions, Belgium and Italy, which are discussed in the article.

scholarly journals Hijacked Direct Democracy: The Instrumental Use of Referendums in Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiu Gherghina
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Electoral Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

This article is part of the special cluster titled Political Parties and Direct Democracy in Eastern Europe, guest-edited by Sergiu Gherghina. The relationship between political parties and referendums has been receiving increased attention in the literature. While most research has focused on the challenges faced by political parties, little attention is dedicated to the ways in which they can use referendums to serve their purposes. This article analyzes the seven national-level referendums organized in post-communist Romania between 1991 and 2012 and shows how referendums were not used primarily as a means to reflect citizens’ opinions on policy issues. Instead, they were primarily used as electoral strategies for legitimacy purposes or to augment the popularity of the initiators or main supporters. In isolated instances, they were oriented against other competitors.

scholarly journals Migration and Differential Labour Market Participation: Theoretical Directions, Recurring Themes, Implications of Brexit and Areas for Future Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-622
Author(s):  
Gina Netto ◽  
Gary Craig
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Policy Sociology ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

Extensive research in a number of disciplines, including economics, social policy, sociology, geography and management have been undertaken relating to migrant participation in the labour market. Given the highly topical nature of migrant employment in Western Europe and the US, the aim of this brief review is to draw together some of the more recent attempts to theorise on the presence of migrants in the labour market, discuss some of the recurrent themes that have emerged from empirical research in this area, consider some of the main implications for policy-making in what now seems likely to be known as the post-Brexit era and outline areas for future research. In doing so, the intention is to contribute to further inter-disciplinary theory-building and to a more nuanced understanding of the complexity of this highly politicised area and the implications of migrant employment for policy and future research.

scholarly journals Populism and Support for Protectionism: The Relevance of Opposition to Trade Openness for Leftist and Rightist Populist Voting in The Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen van der Waal ◽  
Willem de Koster
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Political Distrust ◽  
The Relationship

Leftist and rightist populist parties in Western Europe both oppose trade openness. Is support for economic protectionism also relevant for their electorates? We assess this in the Netherlands, where both types of populist parties have seats in parliament. Analyses of representative survey data ( n = 1,296) demonstrate that support for protectionism drives voting for such parties, as do the well-established determinants of political distrust (both populist constituencies), economic egalitarianism (leftist populist constituency) and ethnocentrism (rightist populist constituency). Surprisingly, support for protectionism does not mediate the relationship between economic egalitarianism and voting for left-wing populists, or the link between political distrust and voting for either left-wing or right-wing populist parties. In contrast, support for protectionism partly mediates the association between ethnocentrism and voting for right-wing populists. We discuss the largely independent role of protectionism in populist voting in relation to the cultural cleavage in politics and electoral competition, and also provide suggestions for future research.

The role of communication technology in political change and the freedom of digital media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdullah ◽  
Kurdistan Saeed ◽  
Kanaan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
New Information ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the nature of the relationship between journalists and politicians in the age of media entrepreneurship, with emphasis on the factors and challenges faced by both media entrepreneurs and politicians while using digital media. This study relies on an inductive approach through using the qualitative method, this involves conducting interviews (N: 41) with journalists to discover whether they work in traditional media organizations or/and own and manage digital media enterprises, it also brings to lights new information about politicians, especially those who have media inclinations. This study reveals that digital media provide journalists with opportunities to achieve professional and financial independence. However, their work in the context of Iraqi scope does not go beyond spreading propaganda and promoting various agenda of political parties and politicians. In terms of the content of media entrepreneurship, this study unveils anonymous social media which are affiliated with/ or supported by politicians which work as piracy for trolling political opponents and activists. It is assumed that such social media have serious repercussions for freedom and privacy. This worries activists and journalists that they are unable to express their opinions freely for fear of being attacked by anonymous social media working on behalf of politicians. Therefore, the ethics of social media and their ownership seems to be a major concern in the Iraqi political media space, and it should be taken into consideration in future research.

What Has Happened to Party Politics in Western Europe?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Christoffer Green-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Party System ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Incentive Model ◽  
The Times ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Issue Content ◽  
West European

Party politics in Western Europe has changed profoundly over the last decades. Long gone are the times when class-based political parties with extensive membership dominated politics. Instead, party politics has become issue-based. Surprisingly few studies have focused on how the issue content of West European party politics has developed over the past decades. This book therefore offers a comprehensive analysis of the issue content of West European party politics. To do so, the book develops a new theoretical model labelled the ‘issue incentive model’ of party system attention. The aim of the model is to explain how much attention issues get throughout the party system, which is labelled ‘the party system agenda’. To explain the development of the party system agenda, one needs to focus on the incentives that individual policy issues offer to large, mainstream parties, i.e. the typical Social Democratic, Christian Democratic, or Conservative/Liberal parties that have dominated West European governments for decades. The core idea of the model is that the incentives that individual policy issues offer to these vote- and office-seeking parties depend on three factors, namely issue characteristics, issue ownership, and coalition considerations. The issue incentive model builds on and develops a top-down perspective according to which the issue content of party politics is determined by the strategic considerations of political parties and their competition with each other.

The role of communication technology in political change and the freedom of digital media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Bali ◽  
Kurdistan Saeed ◽  
Kanaan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
New Information ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the nature of the relationship between journalists and politicians in the age of media entrepreneurship, with emphasis on the factors and challenges faced by both media entrepreneurs and politicians while using digital media. This study relies on an inductive approach through using the qualitative method, this involves conducting interviews (N: 41) with journalists to discover whether they work in traditional media organizations or/and own and manage digital media enterprises, it also brings to lights new information about politicians, especially those who have media inclinations. This study reveals that digital media provide journalists with opportunities to achieve professional and financial independence. However, their work in the context of Iraqi scope does not go beyond spreading propaganda and promoting various agenda of political parties and politicians. In terms of the content of media entrepreneurship, this study unveils anonymous social media which are affiliated with/ or supported by politicians which work as piracy for trolling political opponents and activists. It is assumed that such social media have serious repercussions for freedom and privacy. This worries activists and journalists that they are unable to express their opinions freely for fear of being attacked by anonymous social media working on behalf of politicians. Therefore, the ethics of social media and their ownership seems to be a major concern in the Iraqi political media space, and it should be taken into consideration in future research.

Students in Faith-Based Doctoral Psychology Programs: Religious/Spiritual Struggles Moderate the Effect of Distress from Clinical Work on Negative Affect

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Strosky ◽  
David C. Wang ◽  
Peter C. Hill ◽  
Jayce E. Long ◽  
Edward B. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychology Programs ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Spiritual Struggles ◽  
Faith Based Institutions ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The present study assessed 96 doctoral psychology students at APA-accredited faith-based institutions to further understand the relationships between distress from clinical work, religious and spiritual ( r/s) struggles, and negative affect. Based on past research it was hypothesized that distress from clinical work would predict heightened r/s struggles and negative affect. Furthermore, we hypothesized r/s struggles would moderate the effect between distress from clinical work and negative affect. Findings were significant, and demonstrated that our population experienced heightened levels of distress from clinical work, r/s struggles, and negative affect compared to the normed populations. The relationships between distress from clinical work and r/s struggles as well as distress from clinical work and negative affect were significant. Religious and spiritual struggles further moderated the relationship in that those experiencing r/s struggles alongside distress from clinical work demonstrated a stronger relationship between distress from clinical work and negative affect. A more comprehensive discussion regarding these findings as well as the limitations, areas of future research, and implications for training are included in the following.

Non-Price Rationing and Waiting Times

2011 ◽  
pp. 648-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor Iversen ◽  
Luigi Siciliani
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Times ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This article examines the implications of using waiting times, rather than co-payments, as a rationing device. It discusses theoretical issues, empirical and policy issues, and the meaning of an optimal waiting time. The theoretical part includes theories concentrating on the demand side and the supply side. The empirical part contains studies on the implied cost of waiting from market data and estimates of demand and supply elasticities. This article states that in the absence of an over-arching welfare analysis both empirical work and policy recommendations are inevitably piecemeal and open to debate. It also describes the relationship between waiting times and the private sector. It investigates the effectiveness of different policy instruments. Finally, it suggests issues for future research.

scholarly journals A Study on the Relationship between Social Policy and Social Capital: Evidence from Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Yung Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Relationship

There are two competing hypotheses regarding the relationship between social policy and social capital. The crowding-out hypothesis suggests that public resources allocated through social policies and programs eradicate various forms of social capital such as trust, social network and norms. The crowding-in hypothesis, on the contrary, emphasizes virtuous cycles between social policy and social capital. Empirical evidence, mostly conducted for Western countries with advanced economies, has not produced consistent findings regarding the relationship. This study empirically tested these hypotheses based on data from 24 Asian countries. This study further explored how relationships between social policy and social capital vary by sub-regions of Asian countries. Findings from both macro- and micro-level analysis suggest that social policy influences social capital differently according to the forms of social capital. There also seems to be heterogeneity across sub-regions in the relationship between social policy and social capital. Theoretical and policy implications as well as future research directions were further discussed.

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