Application of soft computing in water treatment plant and water distribution network

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dnyaneshwar Vasant Wadkar ◽  
Rahul Subhash Karale ◽  
Manoj Pandurang Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Soft Computing ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Water Treatment Plant

scholarly journals EVALUASI KINERJA RESERVOIR PADA JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH IPA I PDAM BANDARMASIH

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elma Sofia ◽  
Rony Riduan ◽  
Endrico Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Reservoir Performance ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Regional Water

Air bersih merupakan kebutuhan dasar bagi manusia, sehingga pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih merupakan hal yang wajib diperhatikan oleh PDAM (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum) sebagai pihak terkait.  Dengan sistem pengolahan dan sistem jaringan perpipaan yang ada, PDAM Bandarmasih diharapkan mampu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih masyarakat yang ada di kota Banjarmasin.  Salah satu hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kinerja reservoir pada sistem distribusi perpipaan air bersih dari Instalasi Pengolahan Air Bersih (IPA) sampai kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja reservoir PDAM Bandarmasih, khususnya kinerja reservoir S. Parman yang merupakan reservoir distribusi yang melayani distribusi air bersih ke zona 1 dan zona 4 wilayah layanan IPA (Instalasi Pengolahan Air) I PDAM Bandarmasih.  Pada penelitian ini digunakan perangkat lunak Epanet 2.0 sebagai alat bantu pemodelen hidrodinamika sistem distribusi air bersih.  Berdasarkan hasil simulasi dengan menggunakan Epanet 2.0, pada saat jam puncak 06.00 reservoir S. Parman mampu melayani kebutuhan air bersih masyarakat dan node terjauh mempunyai tekanan terendah 11,21 m dengan tinggi muka air terendah reservoir S. Parman terjadi pada jam 09.00 yaitu 0,75 m. Secara umum, reservoir masih mampu memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih pelanggan khususnya pada saat jam puncak. Kata kunci: Epanet, jaringan distribusi air bersih, PDAM, reservoir.   Clean water is a basic need for humans, requirement of clean water is considered important by the PDAM (Regional Water Company) as a related party. With the existing treatment system and piping network system, Bandarmasih PDAM is expected to be able to meet the community's clean water needs in Banjarmasin city. One of crucial things is the performance of reservoir in piped water distribution system from the Clean Water Treatment Plant.This study aims to evaluate the reservoir performance of the Bandarmasih PDAM, specifically the performance of S. Parman reservoir, which is a distribution reservoir that serves the distribution of clean water to zone 1 and zone 4 of the Water Treatment Plant (IPA) I PDAM Bandarmasih. In this study Epanet 2.0 software was used as a hydrodynamic modelling tool. Based on the simulation results, at peak hours 06.00 a.m. reservoir S. Parman is able to serve the community's clean water needs. The farthest node has the lowest pressure of 11.21 m, and the lowest water level of the reservoir S. Parman occurs at 09.00 a.m. which is 0.75 m. In general, the reservoir is still able to meet community's clean water needs, especially during peak hours. Keywords: reservoir, clean water distribution network, Epanet, PDAM

Water treatment to reduce internal corrosion in the drinking water distribution system in Oslo

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Hem ◽  
E.A. Vik ◽  
A. Bjørnson-Langen
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Internal Corrosion

In 1995 the new Skullerud water treatment plant was put into operation. The new water treatment includes colour removal and corrosion control with an increase of pH, alkalinity and calcium concentration in addition to the old treatment, which included straining and chlorination only. Comparative measurements of internal corrosion were conducted before and after the installation of the new treatment plant. The effect of the new water treatment on the internal corrosion was approximately a 20% reduction in iron corrosion and a 70% reduction in copper corrosion. The heavy metals content in standing water was reduced by approximately 90%. A separate internal corrosion monitoring programme was conducted, studying the effects of other water qualities on the internal corrosion rate. Corrosion coupons were exposed to the different water qualities for nine months. The results showed that the best protection of iron was achieved with water supersaturated with calcium carbonate. Neither a high content of free carbon dioxide or the use of the corrosion inhibitor sodium silicate significantly reduced the iron corrosion rate compared to the present treated water quality. The copper corrosion rate was mainly related to the pH in the water.

Optimal use of chlorine in water distribution networks based on specific locations of booster chlorination: analyzing conditions in Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hernández Cervantes ◽  
Jesús Mora Rodríguez ◽  
Xitlali Delgado Galván ◽  
Josefina Ortiz Medel ◽  
Martín Rubén Jiménez Magaña
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Booster Chlorination ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Concentration Limits

Water distribution networks (WDNs) could present problems of pathogen intrusion that affect the health of consumers. One solution to diminish this risk is to add more disinfectant to the water at the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). However, this increases the cost of water treatment and may also cause the formation of trihalomethanes. Mexico has the largest bottled water market in the world. Also, most houses are built with individual storage containers due to intermittent service, which generates a greater residence time of the water before use. This paper shows an alternative to guarantee minimum disinfection along WDNs and diminish the use of disinfectant at the DWTP considering the conditions of water consumption and use in Mexico. We propose a model based on Genetic Algorithms to obtain scenarios where free chlorine is maintained at the minimum permissible concentration throughout the day. In addition, Water Managers could optimize the use of disinfectant by implementing booster chlorination stations (BCSs). The results show that chlorine use could be reduced by 38%, therefore guaranteeing the chlorine concentration limits along the WDN.

Variabilities in the cost equivalency of decentralized treatment units designed to address network-derived water quality degradation

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
J.W. Norton ◽  
W.J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
The Cost

Factors impacting the cost equivalency point for deploying strategically-located treatment units within a distributed optimal technology network (DOT-Net) to manage network-derived water quality degradation are defined and quantified. The cost equivalency point is essentially the ‘breakeven’ allowable cost for implementing DOT-Net strategy as an alternative to upgrading a central treatment facility to ‘pretreat’ water sufficiently to manage quality degradation within a potable water distribution network. For the purposes of the analysis presented, water quality is assumed to degrade linearly with time as it flows through the distribution network. Disinfection by-product (DBP) formation, selected as a representative water quality degradation parameter, was modeled to predict service population DBP exposure and resulting cost of centralized treatment plant upgrades to meet water quality goals. The equivalency point was determined by apportioning the anticipated cost for upgrading the centralized treatment facilities over the fraction of service connections receiving deficient quality water. Both concentration of DBP precursor material and service population size are found to have limited impact on the equivalency point of a distributed treatment unit. The advantages and disadvantages of various treatment methods available for in-network water treatment are outlined and the ancillary functional requirements of the distributed treatment unit are delineated.

Optimal flow distribution over multiple parallel pellet reactors: a model-based approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. van Schagen ◽  
R. Babuška ◽  
L.C. Rietveld ◽  
E.T. Baars
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Softening Process

A drinking water treatment plant has a typical configuration of parallel lanes to provide safe drinking water 24 h a day. A new approach for optimising the production of drinking water treatment plants is proposed. This approach is applied to the softening process step and shows promising results in terms of cost reduction by optimising the water distribution over several parallel reactors. The proposed scheme relies on optimal model-based control of a single softening reactor and the use of a bypass.

scholarly journals Residual Chlorine Decay in Juja Water Distribution Network using EPANET Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
First Order ◽  
Water Company ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Chlorine Decay

The current study was carried out to analyze the residual chlorine decay analysis within the existing Juja water distribution network. The study used EPANET as a simulation tool. From the field samples, the first-order bulk decay coefficient Kb was found equal to - 0.04 . The wall coefficient Kw was assumed to - 4.0 mg/ /day as guided by literature. The analysis shows that the entire supply area of the existing distribution network faces higher residual chlorine concentration (0.70 to 0.8 mg/l) from 9 am. The study recommended the reducing of the initial chlorine added at the treatment plant and the optimization of the network, which will provide a proper residual chlorine dosage to reduce Juja consumers exposure to health risk and also to be economically reasonable for the water company in charge

scholarly journals Potentially toxic elements determination and chemical-microbiological analysis of potable water in Taxco de Alarcón, Guerrero

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Sánchez-Montoya ◽  
Oscar Talavera-Mendoza ◽  
Giovanni Hernández-Flores ◽  
Elvia Díaz-Villaseñor ◽  
Alejandro H. Ramírez-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Microbiological Analysis

Taxco de Alarcón is an important mining site in Mexico. The town is a well-known tourist destination where the potable water quality is important for guaranteeing the health of the users. Due to the altitude of the city, the surface and rain water are the main sources of water. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize i) the composition and chemical speciation of particulate matter suspended in water to determine the content of potentially toxic elements, and ii) the chemical and bacteriological composition of the potable water of Taxco de Alarcón, Guerrero, Mexico, according to the Mexican official norm NOM-127-SSA1-1994. The analyzed representative samples were taken from the municipal water distribution network, the water treatment plant, the Chacuhalco spring and a mixture of the waters of the Chontalcuatlán river, the Tenería spring, and the San Marcos and El Sombrerito dams. According to the results, 94 % of the analyzed samples did not comply with the standard NOM-127-SSA1-1994. Moreover, the distribution of the analyzed elements in the different chemical fractions of the particulate matter showed that the highest concentration of Cd (4.17 mg∙kg-1) is associated with the carbonate fraction. This means Cd is moderately bioavailable. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of Pb, Zn, Mn and Cu (62.2, 42.3, 243 and 1026 mg∙kg-1, respectively) were detected in the Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide fraction, also considered as moderately bioavailable, whereas the highest concentrations of As, Fe and V (24.0, 7583 and 31.3 mg∙kg-1, respectively) were associated with the residual fraction, considered as non-bioavailable. The results indicate that, to improve the quality of potable water, modifications must be incorporated along the water treatment processes, and in the distribution network and management.

scholarly journals Towards a cyber-physical era: soft computing framework based multi-sensor array for water quality monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotirmoy Bhardwaj ◽  
Karunesh K. Gupta ◽  
Rajiv Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Soft Computing ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Computing Framework ◽  
Data Matrices

Abstract. New concepts and techniques are replacing traditional methods of water quality parameter measurement systems. This paper introduces a cyber-physical system (CPS) approach for water quality assessment in a distribution network. Cyber-physical systems with embedded sensors, processors and actuators can be designed to sense and interact with the water environment. The proposed CPS is comprised of sensing framework integrated with five different water quality parameter sensor nodes and soft computing framework for computational modelling. Soft computing framework utilizes the applications of Python for user interface and fuzzy sciences for decision making. Introduction of multiple sensors in a water distribution network generates a huge number of data matrices, which are sometimes highly complex, difficult to understand and convoluted for effective decision making. Therefore, the proposed system framework also intends to simplify the complexity of obtained sensor data matrices and to support decision making for water engineers through a soft computing framework. The target of this proposed research is to provide a simple and efficient method to identify and detect presence of contamination in a water distribution network using applications of CPS.

scholarly journals Characterizing Supply Variability and Operational Challenges in an Intermittent Water Distribution Network

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2143
Author(s):  
John J. Erickson ◽  
Yamileth C. Quintero ◽  
Kara L. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Operational Failures

Intermittent piped water supply is common in low- and middle-income countries and is inconvenient for users, particularly when supply schedules are unreliable. In this study, supply schedules and operational challenges were characterized in intermittent areas of the Arraiján, Panama distribution network based on one year of pressure and flow monitoring in four study zones, analysis of three years of pipe break data, and observations of system operation. Service quality was found to vary among users and supply schedules were often irregular and unpredictable. Direct causes of unanticipated supply outages included pump failures, chronic pipe breaks in specific parts of the system, transmission main breaks, irregular valve operations, and treatment plant outages. The extent and duration of these outages were often increased by high rates of water loss, insufficient storage capacity, and difficulty detecting and resolving infrastructure failures. Factors associated with intermittent supply, such as intermittent pumping, appeared to be associated with a higher frequency of pipe breaks. However, the analysis did not indicate a strong general correlation between intermittent supply and pipe breaks. Pressure and flow monitoring in intermittent supply areas, similar to that undertaken in this study, could be a valuable tool to improve regular operations as well as longer-term planning and prioritization of system improvements. Water loss reduction and adequate distribution storage capacity could also mitigate the effects of operational failures. Investments in monitoring and data analysis have the potential to improve the reliability of intermittent supply in cases where continuous supply is not immediately feasible.

scholarly journals Cascading effects of cyber-attacks on interconnected critical infrastructure

Cybersecurity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Reddy Palleti ◽  
Sridhar Adepu ◽  
Vishrut Kumar Mishra ◽  
Aditya Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Cascading Effects

AbstractModern critical infrastructure, such as a water treatment plant, water distribution system, and power grid, are representative of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) in which the physical processes are monitored and controlled in real time. One source of complexity in such systems is due to the intra-system interactions and inter-dependencies. Consequently, these systems are a potential target for attackers. When one or more of these infrastructure are attacked, the connected systems may also be affected due to potential cascading effects. In this paper, we report a study to investigate the cascading effects of cyber-attacks on two interdependent critical infrastructure namely, a Secure water treatment plant (SWaT) and a Water Distribution System (WADI).

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