Language comprehension may depend on who you are: how personality traits and social presence seemingly modulate syntactic processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Laura Jiménez-Ortega ◽  
Clara Hinchcliffe ◽  
Francisco Muñoz ◽  
David Hernández-Gutiérrez ◽  
Pilar Casado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Syntactic Processing

scholarly journals Listener’s personality traits predict changes in pupil size during auditory language comprehension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Hubert Lyall ◽  
Juhani Järvikivi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Pupillary Responses ◽  
Grammatical Errors

AbstractResearch suggests that listeners’ comprehension of spoken language is concurrently affected by linguistic and non-linguistic factors, including individual difference factors. However, there is no systematic research on whether general personality traits affect language processing. We correlated 88 native English-speaking participants’ Big-5 traits with their pupillary responses to spoken sentences that included grammatical errors, "He frequently have burgers for dinner"; semantic anomalies, "Dogs sometimes chase teas"; and statements incongruent with gender stereotyped expectations, such as "I sometimes buy my bras at Hudson's Bay", spoken by a male speaker. Generalized additive mixed models showed that the listener's Openness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism traits modulated resource allocation to the three different types of unexpected stimuli. No personality trait affected changes in pupil size across the board: less open participants showed greater pupil dilation when processing sentences with grammatical errors; and more introverted listeners showed greater pupil dilation in response to both semantic anomalies and socio-cultural clashes. Our study is the first one demonstrating that personality traits systematically modulate listeners’ online language processing. Our results suggest that individuals with different personality profiles exhibit different patterns of the allocation of cognitive resources during real-time language comprehension.

Language comprehension in the social brain: Electrophysiological brain signals of social presence effects during syntactic and semantic sentence processing

Cortex ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 413-425
Author(s):  
Clara Hinchcliffe ◽  
Laura Jiménez-Ortega ◽  
Francisco Muñoz ◽  
David Hernández-Gutiérrez ◽  
Pilar Casado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Personal Constructs in Professionals of Extreme Spheres of Activity (with Officers of the Ministries of Emergency Situations and Internal Affairs as an Example)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-16
Author(s):  
Vera A. Glukhova ◽  
Alisa S. Maltseva
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Given

The article presents the results of an empirical study of personality traits of officers of the Ministries of Emergency Situations and Internal Affairs. The study is aimed at revealing specific combinations of personality traits - personality constructs characterizing specialists of different extreme occupations. 80 individuals took part in the research work. The pronouncedness of personality traits in the officers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations (MES) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) was compared using the following techniques and methodologies: S.Maddy Hardiness Survey; Holmes-Rahe Stress and Social Adjustment Scale; Method for Diagnosing of Emotional Burnout Levels by V.V. Boyko; California Psychological Inventory (CPI). The MIA officers have been found to have more pronounced personality traits such as vitality and hardiness (according to the S. Maddy Survey), social presence, independence, responsibility, socialization, making a good impression, "ordinary guy" impression, feeling of well-being, achievement through subordination, intellectual effectiveness, manliness (according to CPI). The comparison of the factor structures revealed invariant (with significant factor loading in both groups) and variable (with significant factor loading in one group) elements. The following personality constructs have been identified in the personality structure of the MIA officers: transactional leadership, strategy of variational adjustment in situations of uncertainty, strategy of taking responsibility under the given conditions, personal and social normativity. The following personality constructs have been identified in the personality structure of the MES officers: role-related masculinity, role-related empathy, strategy of volitional control in situations of uncertainty, strategy of variational adjustment under the given conditions.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Discipline and Personality in Blended Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Chang Tik
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effects

The purpose of the study is to investigate the interaction between discipline and personality in a blended classroom using the community of inquiry model. To this end, a factorial ANOVA is used to determine the main effects of the high and low of each personality trait as well as the four different clusters of discipline on the presences. The study used a non-experimental design to gather data. A total of 12 lecturers and 408 students from three institutions were involved. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in teaching presence between the hard-applied and hard-pure as well as the hard-applied and soft-pure disciplines only for the conscientiousness personality. Correspondingly, there is a significant difference in social presence between the hard-applied and soft-pure disciplines across all the five personality traits. However, there is no significant difference in cognitive presence for all the discipline clusters across all the personality traits.

scholarly journals Tracking the Continuity of Language Comprehension: Computer Mouse Trajectories Suggest Parallel Syntactic Processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Farmer ◽  
Sarah A. Cargill ◽  
Nicholas C. Hindy ◽  
Rick Dale ◽  
Michael J. Spivey
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Computer Mouse

Memory-Load Interference in Syntactic Processing

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Gordon ◽  
Randall Hendrick ◽  
William H. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Important Constraint ◽  
Memory Resources

Participants remembered a short set of words while reading syntactically complex sentences (object-extracted clefts) and syntactically simpler sentences (subject-extracted clefts) in a memory-load study. The study also manipulated whether the words in the set and the words in the sentence were of matched or unmatched types (common nouns vs. proper names). Performance in sentence comprehension was worse for complex sentences than for simpler sentences, and this effect was greater when the type of words in the memory load matched the type of words in the sentence. These results indicate that syntactic processing is not modular, instead suggesting that it relies on working memory resources that are used for other nonsyntactic processes. Further, the results indicate that similarity-based interference is an important constraint on information processing that can be overcome to some degree during language comprehension by using the coherence of language to construct integrated representations of meaning.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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