Incidence and Outcomes of Mental Disorders in a Regional Population: The Northern Rivers Mental Health Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 674-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Beard ◽  
Uta C. Dietrich ◽  
Lyndon O. Brooks ◽  
Robert T. Brooks ◽  
Kathy Heathcote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
Health Services Need

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of mental disorders in a cohort of previously symptom-free individuals who are representatives of a regional Australian population. To map changing patterns of diagnosis and comorbidity within the cohort over a 2 year period. Method: Two year follow-up of a community-based cohort drawn from a telephone screening of 9191 randomly selected adults. Subjects were administered a comprehensive face-to-face interview which included the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A total of 1407 subjects were interviewed at baseline, and 968 subjects were reinterviewed (a 68.8% follow-up rate). Results: There was considerable change in disorder status over the study period, and analysis of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview scoring suggests that these changes reflected real changes in symptomatology. Of subjects interviewed at both baseline and follow-up, 638 were classified as disorder-free at their entry to the study. After 2 years, 98 of these met criteria for a mental disorder during the preceding 12 months. After adjusting for sampling and gender, the 12 month incidence of any mental disorder among subjects who had been disorder-free 2 years previously was 9.95 per hundred person-years at risk. At baseline, a further 330 subjects met ICD-10 criteria for a mental disorder during the previous 12 months. Two years later, 167 of these subjects (50.6%) were disorder-free, and 163 still met the criteria for a mental disorder, although there had often been considerable change in their diagnosis. Subjects with a mental disorder at the commencement of the study were significantly more likely than those without a disorder to have a positive diagnosis 2 years later (p < 0.001). The number of diagnoses at baseline was a strong predictor of the number of diagnoses at follow-up (p < 0.001), and each additional comorbid diagnosis at baseline also increased the probability of a persisting disorder at follow-up (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Over a 2 year period, the majority of subjects with a mental disorder will become disorder-free, while a significant number of previously disorder-free individuals will develop a positive diagnosis. Health services need to be designed to meet this labile demand.

scholarly journals Impact of unemployment on mental disorders, physical health and quality of life: Findings from the Singapore Mental Health Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-401
Author(s):  
Mythily Subramaniam ◽  
Jue Hua Lau ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽  
James Junda Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Study

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study examines: (1) the employment rate among those with a mental disorder in the 12 months preceding the survey (referred henceforth as 12-month mental disorder); (2) the sociodemographic correlates of unemployment; and (3) the association of unemployment with 12-month mental disorders and chronic physical conditions in the adult resident population in Singapore. Methods: Data are from the Singapore Mental Health Study 2016, a household survey of a nationally representative sample of 6,126 Singapore residents. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess mental disorders and physical health conditions. Employment-related information was collected using a modified employment module of the CIDI. Results: Of the 6,125 participants who took part in the study, 4,055 (72%) were employed, 1,716 (22.7%) were economically inactive, and 354 (5.3%) were unemployed. The unemployment rate was twice as high among those with a 12-month mental disorder (11.5%) than those without (4.8%). The proportion of unemployed individuals increased sharply with the increasing severity of mental disorders. Being married and higher household income were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being employed than unemployed. In contrast, the presence of one 12-month mental disorder was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of being employed. Conclusion: Our findings provide information on the significant association of mental disorders with unemployment. Clinicians should remain vigilant and consider the loss of employment a potential risk factor for adverse physical and mental health changes. Management of unemployed patients with a combination of pharmacotherapy and work-directed interventions can facilitate their re-entry into the workforce and improve health outcomes. Keywords: Employment, epidemiology, mental health, survey

scholarly journals The relationship between mental disorders and actual and desired subjective social status

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. de Vries ◽  
M. ten Have ◽  
R. de Graaf ◽  
S. van Dorsselaer ◽  
N. M. P. de Ruiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Aims Mental disorders are associated with lower subjective social status (SSS), but a more nuanced understanding of this relationship is needed. We examined the influence of disorder age of onset and recency on SSS and studied whether mental disorders are also associated with the discrepancy between actual and desired SSS. Method Data are from the baseline and second wave of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2). Mental disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), while both actual and desired SSS were assessed with a ten-rung ladder. Linear regression was used to examine the association between mental disorders and SSS. Results Of 5303 participants, 2237 had a lifetime mental disorder at baseline. These participants reported significantly lower actual SSS (6.28) at follow-up than healthy participants (6.66, B = −0.38 [95% CI −0.48 to −0.27], p < 0.001) and a significantly greater actual-desired SSS discrepancy (1.14 v. 1.05 after controlling for actual SSS, B = 0.09 [0.01–0.17], p = 0.024). Lower age of onset of the first mental disorder was marginally significantly associated with lower actual SSS (B = 0.006 [0.000–0.012], p = 0.046). More recent disorders were also associated with lower actual SSS (B = 0.015 [0.005–0.026], p = 0.005), such that participants whose disorder remitted ⩾6 years before baseline were statistically indistinguishable from healthy participants. Conclusions Lifetime mental disorders are associated with lower actual SSS and a slightly greater discrepancy between actual and desired SSS. However, people with mental disorders in (long-term) remission have a similar social status as healthy participants.

Mental Disorders Among Maori Attending Their General Practitioner

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
John Bushnell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Specific Factors

Objective: This paper identifies rates of common mental disorders among Maori and non-Maori consulting a general practitioner (GP), and explores the association between ethnicity and social and material deprivation. Method: Survey of GPs and their patients. Participants were randomly selected GPs (n = 70), and their patients (n = 3414, of whom a subset of 786 form the basis of this paper). The main comparison is between self-identified ethnicity, mental disorder assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and social and material deprivation measured by NZDep2001 (an area based measure), and an individualized index of deprivation. Results: Rates of mental disorder among Maori general practice attenders were higher than among non-Maori. Overall, Maori women attenders were twice as likely as non-Maori women attenders to have a diagnosable mental disorder. The rates of anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders were all higher for Maori than for others attending GPs. Treatment for psychological problems was offered by the GP at similar rates to both Maori and non-Maori. Although there were differences between Maori and non-Maori in terms of social and material deprivation, higher rates of mental disorder among Maori attending GPs compared to non-Maori cannot be accounted for by these differences alone. Conclusions: These findings support the view that whilst social and material deprivation may play a role in the high rates of mental disorders among Maori general practice attenders, there are additional ethnicity-specific factors involved. Interventions to address Maori mental health (whether by reducing risk factors for mental disorder, by promoting disclosure, early recognition and intervention, or by ensuring access to acceptable and effective treatments) may need to explicitly take those factors into account.

scholarly journals Mental Disorder During Adolescence: Evidence of Arrested Personality Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-411
Author(s):  
Johan Ormel ◽  
Anoek M. Oerlemans ◽  
Dennis Raven ◽  
Albertine J. Oldehinkel ◽  
Odilia M. Laceulle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Scarring Effects

The experience of a mental disorder may affect the development of personality in multiple ways, but empirical evidence regarding psychopathology effects on personality development that persist after remission of the disorder is limited and inconsistent. In the longitudinal cohort TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), mental disorders during adolescence were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and parent-reported effortful control, fearfulness, and frustration at age 11 and age 19 through the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire. We found that adolescent mental disorders had small effects on personality change. Internalizing disorders predicted increases of fearfulness and frustration but hardly affected effortful control; externalizing disorders were unrelated to frustration and fearfulness but predicted a decrease of effortful control. Whereas fearfulness and frustration partially caught up after disorder remission, virtually all delay in effortful control was still present 2.9 years later, suggesting scarring effects.

Does Ethnicity Affect Need for Mental Health Service Among New Zealand Prisoners?

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander I. F. Simpson ◽  
Philip M. Brinded ◽  
Nigel Fairley ◽  
Tannis M. Laidlaw ◽  
Fiona Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Male Prisoners

Objective: The National Study on Psychiatric Morbidity in New Zealand Prisons identified undiagnosed mental illness and unmet treatment needs for mentally disordered offenders. As approximately 50% of prisoners are of Maori and 8.3% Pacific Island ethnicity, we analyzed the data to determine if there were any differences in the rates of major mental disorders between ethnic groups. Method: A census of all female prisoners, all remand male prisoners and an 18% random sample of the sentenced male prisoners were interviewed employing the diagnostic interview for mental illness (CIDI-A), screening diagnostic interview for relevant personality disorders (PDQ) and suicide screening questions. Self-identified ethnicity was recorded. Ethnic groups were compared for sociodemographic variables, morbidity for mental disorder, treatment experience and suicidality. Results: The ethnic groups were largely similar in age and current prevalence for mental disorders, although there was some evidence of differing sociodemographic factors, especially younger age among the Maori prisoners. Maori report fewer suicidal thoughts, but acted suicidally at the same rate as non-Maori. Treatment for mental disorder was less common among Maori and Pacific Island prisoners than others, both in prison and in the community. Conclusion: Criminogenic factors present in the developmental histories of prisoners might also increase the risk of mental disorders. Ethnic groups were not different in the rate at which they manifest mental disorders in the face of such factors. Younger prisoners were disproportionately more likely to be of Maori or Pacific Island ethnicity. Both prior to and after entry to prison, services must improve responsiveness to Maori and Pacific Island people.

scholarly journals Psychiatric comorbidity and intellectual disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Keyes
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Axis I

Abstract Most research on the prevalence, distribution, and psychiatric comorbidity of intellectual disability (ID) relies on clinical samples, limiting the generalizability and utility of ID assessment in a legal context. This study assessed ID prevalence in a population-representative sample of U.S. adolescents, and examined associations of ID with socio-demographic factors and mental disorders. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (N = 6256). ID was defined as: 1) IQ ≤ 76, measured using the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test; and 2) an adaptive behavior score ≤76, measured using a validated scale. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed fifteen lifetime mental disorders. The Sheehan disability scale assessed disorder severity. We used logistic regression models to estimate differences in lifetime disorders for adolescents with and without ID. ID prevalence was 3.2%, and was more common among those with specific phobia (OR = 1.66, 95% C.I. 1.02, 2.68), bipolar disorder (OR = 7.24, 95% C.I. 2.10-24.99), after adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. Among those with Axis I psychiatric disorder, adolescents with ID and mental disorders were significantly more likely to exhibit severe impairment than those without ID, across a broad range of disorders. These findings highlight how sample selection and overlap between ID and psychopathology symptoms might bias understanding of the mental health consequences of ID. For example, associations between ID and behavior disorders widely reported in clinical samples were not observed in a population-representative sample after adjustment for socio-demographic confounders. Valid assessment and understanding of these constructs may prove influential in the legal system by influencing treatment referrals and capital punishment decisions.

scholarly journals O3E.2 Risk of mental health disorders in human service occupations: a register based study of 445,651 norwegians

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A30.1-A30
Author(s):  
Petter Kristensen ◽  
Therese N Hanvold ◽  
Rachel L Hasting ◽  
Suzanne L Merkus ◽  
Ingrid S Mehlum
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Human Service ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Patient Contact ◽  
Customer Contact ◽  
Related Disorder

ObjectivesMental disorders contribute strongly to disability. Work in human service occupations has been considered a risk factor in several studies. We aimed at quantifying this relationship in a prospective follow-up of all employed persons born in Norway, 1967–1976.MethodsWe conducted follow-up in several national registries. Based upon the ISCO98 four-digit code, we classified 2007 occupations into customer contact, client/patient contact, and reference (no contact). Client/patient contact was subdivided into health care, education and social work. We collected mental disorder diagnoses (ICD-10 F00-F99), in particular affective (F30-F39) and stress-related (F40-F48), in the Norwegian Patient Registry, 2008–2011. Four-year prevalence differences (PD) per 100 across occupational categories were estimated in binomial regression models adjusted for year of birth, marital history, current family pattern, and education level.ResultsAmong 4 45 651 employed persons, 18% held customer-related occupations while 25% held occupations with client/patient contact. The total four-year prevalence of mental disorder was 8.6/100 (38,207 patients). Affective and stress-related prevalences were 5.3 and 6.5 for women, and 3.0 and 3.2 for men, respectively. Adjusted PD estimates showed positive associations between client/patient contact occupations and mental disorders: for women, affective and stress-related disorder PD estimates were 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI); 0.9–1.3) and 1.3 (CI; 1.0–1.5), respectively. The corresponding PD estimates for men were 1.7 (CI; 1.5–2.0) and 1.5 (CI; 1.2–1.7). We found strongest associations for women in social work (PD 2.3 for stress-related disorders) and men in health care (PD 2.6 for affective disorders). Associations with other mental disorder categories were weak, as were associations with customer contact occupations.ConclusionsAffective and stress-related morbidity was clearly associated with occupations involving client/patient contact for both sexes. We cannot dismiss health selection as an alternative to a causal effect of work-related factors. This register-based study is not well suited to provide mechanistic explanations.

Analysis of mental disorders in tinnitus patients performed with Composite International Diagnostic Interview

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 2095-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zirke ◽  
C. Seydel ◽  
D. Arsoy ◽  
B. F. Klapp ◽  
H. Haupt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview

scholarly journals Six-Month Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Service Contacts among Children and Youth in Ontario: Evidence from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katholiki Georgiades ◽  
Laura Duncan ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Jinette Comeau ◽  
Michael H. Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Mental Health Provider ◽  
Health Provider ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Objectives: To present the 6-month prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders and mental health–related service contacts in a sample of children (4 to 11 years) and youth (12 to 17 years) in Ontario. Methods: The 2014 Ontario Child Health Study is a provincially representative survey of 6537 families with children aged 4 to 17 years in Ontario. DSM-IV-TR mental disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) and included mood (major depressive episode), anxiety (generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social phobia, specific phobia), and behaviour disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder).The MINI-KID was administered independently to the primary caregiver and youth aged 12 to 17 years in the family’s home. Results: Past 6-month prevalence of any mental disorder ranged from 18.2% to 21.8% depending on age and informant. Behaviour disorders were the most common among children, and anxiety disorders were the most common among youth. Among children and youth with a parent-identified mental disorder, 25.6% of children and 33.7% of youth had contact with a mental health provider. However, 60% had contact with one or more of the providers or service settings assessed, most often through schools. Conclusions: Between 18% and 22% of children and youth in Ontario met criteria for a mental disorder but less than one-third had contact with a mental health provider. These findings provide support for strengthening prevention and early intervention efforts and enhancing service capacity to meet the mental health needs of children and youth in Ontario.

Mental-Physical Comorbidity in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 882-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Scott ◽  
Mark A. Oakley Browne ◽  
Magnus A. Mcgee ◽  
J. Elisabeth Wells ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Chronic Physical Conditions

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic physical conditions, and the risk factors for those conditions, among those with 12 month mental disorder; to estimate the prevalence of 12 month mental disorder among those with chronic physical conditions. Method: A nationally representative face-to-face household survey was carried out in October 2003 to December 2004 with 12 992 participants aged 16 years and over, achieving a response rate of 73.3%. Mental disorders were measured with the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Physical conditions were self-reported. All associations are reported adjusted for age and sex. Results: People with (any) mental disorder, relative to those without mental disorder, had higher prevalences of several chronic physical conditions (chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and respiratory conditions) and chronic condition risk factors (smoking, overweight/obesity, hazardous alcohol use). Around a quarter of people with chronic physical conditions had a comorbid mental disorder compared with 15% of the population without chronic conditions. Significant relationships occurred between some mental disorders and obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes for females, but not for males. Conclusions: This paper provides evidence of substantial comorbidity between mental disorders and chronic physical conditions in New Zealand. This should be borne in mind by clinicians working in both mental health and medical services.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document