scholarly journals Element concentration changes in mitotically active and postmitotic enterocytes. An x-ray microanalysis study.

1979 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
I L Cameron ◽  
N K Smith ◽  
T B Pool
Keyword(s):  
Element Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Late Anaphase ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Analytical Equipment ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Mitotic Chromatin

Unfixed freeze-dried and uncoated tissue sections of the mouse duodenum were suspended across a hole in a carbon planchet and analyzed in a scanning electron microscope fitted with energy-dispersive x-ray analytical equipment. Computer analysis of the x-ray spectra allowed elemental microanalysis of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and late anaphase-early telophase chromatin regions in the cryptal and villus enterocytes. Elemental concentrations (mmol/kg dry wt) were measured for Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca. None of the elements were compartmentalized preferentially in either the nucleus or the cytoplasm of interphase enterocytes of crypts or in postmitotic enterocytes of villi. In contrast, Ca, S, and Cl are detectable in significantly higher concentrations in mitotic chromatin of dividing enterocytes of the crypt as compared to surrounding mitotic cytoplasm, but Na, Mg, and P are in lower concentrations in the mitotic chromatin as compared to mitotic cytoplasm. Interphase enterocytes of crypts have higher concentrations of Mg, P, and K, and lower concentrations of Na than do postmitotic enterocytes of villi.

scholarly journals Concentration of elements in mitotic chromatin as measured by x-ray microanalysis.

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
I L Cameron ◽  
R L Sparks ◽  
K L Horn ◽  
N R Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Spindle Apparatus ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Mitotic Chromatin

Unfixed frozen-dried and uncoated tissue sections of the mouse duodenum were placed on carbon planchets and analyzed in a scanning electron microscope fitted with energy dispersive X-ray equipment. Computer analysis of the X-ray spectra allowed elemental microanalysis of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitotic chromatin regions in the cryptal and villus enterocytes. The peak to continuum ratio of S, Cl, K, and Ca were higher in mitotic chromatin than any of the other sites measured. The redistribution of Ca at mitosis is postulated to help explain both chromosome condensation and assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus.

Localization of calcium and zinc in the sperm storage tubules of chicken, quail and turkey using X-ray microanalysis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Holm ◽  
H Ekwall ◽  
GJ Wishart ◽  
Y Ridderstrale
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sperm Storage Tubules ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sperm storage tubules from the utero-vaginal junction of chickens, quails and turkeys were analysed for calcium and zinc using X-ray microanalysis of ultra-rapidly frozen tissue in a scanning electron microscope. This technique enabled the tubular fluid surrounding the stored spermatozoa and the intracellular content of the cells of the sperm storage tubules to be analysed separately and, by using standards with known concentrations, their elemental concentrations were estimated. The mean (+/- SEM) concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid from chickens, quails and turkeys was 17 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3 and 17 +/- 4 mmol kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. The intracellular calcium concentration of the cells of the tubules did not differ significantly from these values and was also similar in the mucosal epithelial cells of the utero-vaginal junction. Zinc was localized in the cells of turkey sperm storage tubules and tubular fluid, but at low concentrations. No zinc could be detected in corresponding structures from chickens and quails. The concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid is within the range known to inhibit the motility of spermatozoa, supporting this function for calcium during storage. Zinc is known to depress turkey sperm metabolism and it may also be involved in inducing quiescence of spermatozoa during storage in this species.

Elemental content of mast cell granules measured by X-ray microanalysis of rat thymic tissue sections

1986 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Kendall ◽  
A. Warley
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Thymic Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Individual

Mast cell granules were examined by fully quantitative X-ray microanalysis of 20 cells in freeze-dried cryosections. The mast cells were situated mainly in the connective tissue of the thymic capsule of five adult male Carworth Sprague Europe rats. In addition 30 red blood cells were analysed from the same sections. Nineteen of the mast cells had granules rich in S and K. One cell had smaller granules, and in this cell the granules contained high [Ca] and [P] instead of high [S] and [K]. In the majority of cells (13) the S:K ratio was highly correlated and less than 2.2, whereas in the remaining six cells the individual granule ratios were very variable in any one cell and much higher. The mean granule [K] (994 +/− 57 mmol kg-1 dry wt) was about four times the mean cytoplasmic level of 227 +/− 81 mmol kg-1 dry wt. The existence of this difference in concentration between the granules and the cytoplasm suggests that the K in the granules must be bound. The relationship between the [K] and [S] is discussed with regard to the possible binding of heparin and amines in the granules.

Intracellular Elemental Concentrations in Resting and Secreting Rat Parotid Glands

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Izutsu ◽  
D.E. Johnson ◽  
M. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Rat Parotid ◽  
Micro Analysis

Electron probe x-ray micro-analysis was used to study the elemental concentration changes that occur during pilocarpine-stimulated saliva secretion. Quantitative x-ray micro-analysis of elemental concentrations in intracellular compartments of rat parotid glands stimulated in vivo with pilocarpine showed that Na concentration was significantly increased, while K concentration was significantly reduced. The magnitude of these changes was consistent with values obtained in other tissues with the x-ray micro-analysis method, and in the same tissue with other experimental methods. Comparisons with results from studies utilizing dispersed acini suggest that acinar dispersion procedures may affect intracellular elemental concentrations. Total electrolyte concentrations in cytoplasm and secretory granules were estimated to increase on a dry-weight basis following pilocarpine stimulation. The former change is consistent with the notion of a trans-cellular route of salivary fluid flow, while the latter change may be important in the exocytosis of secretory granules.

scholarly journals A rapid, routine technique for the X-ray microanalysis of microincinerated cryosections: an SEM study of inorganic deposits in tissues of the marine gastropod Littorina littorea (L.).

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1301-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Z Mason ◽  
J A Nott
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Insoluble Form ◽  
Inorganic Components ◽  
Different Tissues

A procedure is described that prepares chemically untreated biological sections for X-ray microanalysis in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The method aims to retain and localize labile components in tissue sections by a procedure that is both rapid and routine. Large quantities of fresh tissue can be processed for analysis within a single day. Thick cryosections are cut with a steel knife in a conventional cryostat, freeze-dried, and then ashed by either low or high temperature incineration procedures. Controlled microincineration attenuates the organic matrix to reveal sufficient surface relief for effective SEM of some cytological structure and microanalysis of the residual inorganic components. The detectability of various elements is enhanced because the relative concentrations in the residues are increased and the level of nonspecific background in the X-ray spectra is reduced. The technique is applied to different tissues from the visceral complex of the marine prosobranch Littorina littorea. In animals exposed to elevated levels of zinc it can be demonstrated tht the metal is localized both as an insoluble form in granules and as a labile form within the cytoplasm. Other metals, including magnesium, potassium, calcium, manganese, and iron, have been identified and localized. The effectiveness of this technique for retaining labile elements is compared, in outline, with that of conventional fixation procedures.

Localization of Silver in the Spleen of Argyric Rats by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis Coupled with Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 504-506
Author(s):  
G. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Reticular Cell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Previous electron microscopic observations of the spleen have revealed the white pulp to be completely separated from the extravasated blood in the surrounding marginal zone by a strategically-located, double layer of reticular cells ensheathing a coarse reticular fiber. Similarly, a single reticular cell layer has been observed to form a continuous investment for all white pulp capillaries. To test the significance of this apparent isolation of the splenic white pulp from the blood, the distribution and composition of silver deposits in the spleen of argyric rats were determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy coupled with computer-assisted x-ray analysis.Young male albino rats were made argyric by supplying them for many months with drinking water to which 1.5gm per liter of silver nitrate had been added. Specimens from the spleens of control and argyric animals were prepared for conventional transmission electron microscopy by glutaraldehyde-osmium fixation. For scanning electron microscopy, other specimens were fixed in buffered glutaraldehyde, freeze-dried in vacuo, coated with a thin film of gold- palladium and examined in a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II.

Effect of Lanthanum Substitution on Structure and Modulation in Bi2Sr2-xLaxCaCu2O8+d (0≤x≤0.3) Superconducting Compound

2021 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 240-249
Author(s):  
Mourad Mimouni ◽  
Mohammed Sadok Mahboub ◽  
Mohammed Fayçal Mosbah ◽  
Ghani Rihia ◽  
Soria Zeroual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Superconducting Phase ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orthorhombic Cell ◽  
Superconducting Compound ◽  
La Substitution ◽  
Modulation Vector ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of La substitution on the structure and its modulation in samples with a nominal composition of Bi2Sr2-xLaxCaCu2O8+d where 0≤x≤0.3 superconducting phase was investigated. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) results showed an almost pure Bi-2212 phase, confirmed by the estimated amount of element concentration using dispersive energy X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed a decrease of both crystallite size and connectivity when Lanthanum concentration increases. Le Bail refinement using the Jana2006 program gives a very good value of goodness of fit (GOF) factor. Also, the refinement reveals that for x=0.3 the orthorhombic cell transforms to the tetragonal one and the modulation vector q increases when increasing La concentration.

Intervascular Pit Plugs in the Transition Zone Between Sapwood and Wetwood of Ulmus Americana L.

IAWA Journal ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tambra Thompson ◽  
Richard Jagels
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Bordered Pit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
American Elm ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Hypo Thesis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscoPlc analysis of freeze-dried American elm wood revealed the presence of unique plugs in bordered pit chambers of vascular elements. Non-dispersive X-ray analysis of these plugs demonstrated the presence of high levels of calcium and potassium. Some pits contained only fragmentary deposits or bacteria. An hypo thesis is proposed to account for the precipitation of CaCO3 in the bordered pit chambers of vascular elements at the sapwood-wetwood boundary, resulting in the formation of amorphous plugs that fil! the pit chamber.

Diffusible ions in amebae studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
D. Schäfer ◽  
K. Zierold
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Amoeba Proteus ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Energy Dispersive Microanalysis ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Investigation Procedure

Calcium ions are involved in the regulation of ameboid movement but, so far, little is known about the distribution of calcium and other electrolyte ions in the amebae. This problem seems solvable by X-ray microanalysis with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). For this purpose Amoeba proteus was placed in the cultivation medium (Chalkey's solution) on the specimen stub covered with aluminum foil. Rapid freezing was done in liquid Freon 12 or propane precooled by liquid nitrogen. The specimens were either freeze-dried at -45° C for 15 hours and then coated with carbon or kept in the deep-frozen state throughout the preparation and investigation procedure by using a special cooling chain method. After coating ice was sublimated in the SEM under visual control until the ameboid structures became visible. Energy-dispersive microanalysis was done at 12.5 keV and 0.1 - 0.5 nA.

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