scholarly journals DIETARY FAT AND HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA IN THE CEBUS MONKEY

1957 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar W. Portman ◽  
Leonardo Sinisterra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Cebus Monkey

A series of studies of cholesterol metabolism in the Cebus monkey were carried out in an attempt to understand the mechanisms responsible for the great differences in serum cholesterol levels when different dietary fats were used. Three groups of monkeys, one fed diets including 45 per cent of calories as corn oil, a second corn oil plus cholesterol (0.1 gm./100 calories), and a third lard plus cholesterol for 5 months (mean serum cholesterol values were 237, 268, and 601 mg. per cent, respectively) were injected with emulsions of cholesterol-4-C14. The mean biological half-lives for the disappearance of serum radiocholesterol were 8.8, 8.4, and 6.6 days respectively. Esterification of radiocholesterol as measured by equilibration of specific activities of serum-free cholesterol and total cholesterol was delayed in the monkeys fed lard plus cholesterol. When cholesterol-4-C-14-stearate was given intravenously to a series of monkeys, an erratic non-exponential biological decay curve resulted. Specific activity for free serum cholesterol was greater than that for total cholesterol within 1 hour after the injection. After 7 months on experimental diets including corn oil with added cholesterol and lard with added cholesterol the levels of lipides in most tissues were not different for the two dietary groups, nor were they appreciably elevated above previous control figures for monkeys not fed cholesterol. Total lipide levels in the adrenals of monkeys fed corn oil were twice those of monkeys fed lard. Monkeys were fasted before and after intragastric administration of cholesterol-4-C14 in small formula meals including various fats and fatty acids. The disappearance of total cholesterol from the serum consisted of a rapid followed by a slow exponential function. The type of fat and fatty acid appeared to influence the rate of disappearance of radiocholesterol. There was a broad range of apparent activity of the different fats and fatty acids in promoting cholesterol absorption.

A PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY FATS ON SOME ASPECTS OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wilkens ◽  
H. de Wit ◽  
B. Bronte-Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Endogenous Cholesterol

To explain the effect of dietary cholesterol and different fats on serum cholesterol concentration a hypothesis is proposed according to which the condition for the absorption of dietary cholesterol is its state of solution in dietary or endogenous fats. Dietary fats, free from cholesterol, exert their effect on serum cholesterol concentration by causing reabsorption of biliary or endogenous cholesterol. To test this hypothesis the solubility of cholesterol in a number of natural and modified triglyceride fats at 37 °C was determined and found to correlate with the effects of these fats on the serum cholesterol concentration of rats and man. Relatively high solubilities were associated with high serum levels and vice versa. Artificial modification of both unsaponifiable matter and fatty acids of triglyceride oils was found to alter the solubility of cholesterol in these oils. The solubility concept is discussed as a possible mechanism underlying the effect of different dietary fats on serum cholesterol concentration and other aspects of cholesterol metabolism such as absorption, excretion, and liver synthesis.

A PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY FATS ON SOME ASPECTS OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wilkens ◽  
H. de Wit ◽  
B. Bronte-Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Endogenous Cholesterol

To explain the effect of dietary cholesterol and different fats on serum cholesterol concentration a hypothesis is proposed according to which the condition for the absorption of dietary cholesterol is its state of solution in dietary or endogenous fats. Dietary fats, free from cholesterol, exert their effect on serum cholesterol concentration by causing reabsorption of biliary or endogenous cholesterol. To test this hypothesis the solubility of cholesterol in a number of natural and modified triglyceride fats at 37 °C was determined and found to correlate with the effects of these fats on the serum cholesterol concentration of rats and man. Relatively high solubilities were associated with high serum levels and vice versa. Artificial modification of both unsaponifiable matter and fatty acids of triglyceride oils was found to alter the solubility of cholesterol in these oils. The solubility concept is discussed as a possible mechanism underlying the effect of different dietary fats on serum cholesterol concentration and other aspects of cholesterol metabolism such as absorption, excretion, and liver synthesis.

scholarly journals The hypocholesterolaemic effects of sitostanol in the guinea pig are in part related to changes in hepatic lipids and lipoprotein composition

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tripurasundari Ramjiganesh ◽  
Suheeta Roy ◽  
Jonathan C. McIntyre ◽  
Maria Luz Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol

To evaluate some of the mechanisms involved in the plasma cholesterol lowering of sitostanol (SI), male Hartley guinea pigs were fed diets containing cholesterol (0.25 g/100 g) and four doses of SI: either 0 (control), 0.75, 1.5 or 2.25 g/100 g. In addition a negative control (-C) group with dietary cholesterol (0.04 g/100 g) was included. Corn oil was used as the source of fat and the contribution of fat energy was 35 %. Plasma total cholesterol was 43, 49 and 53 % (P<0.0001) lower after SI intake compared to the control. Plasma LDL concentrations were 47, 53 and 61 % lower with increasing doses of SI. In addition, intake of SI resulted in 26–42 % lower hepatic total cholesterol. Hepatic esterified cholesterol and triacylglycerols were 32–60 % and 55–61 % lower after SI intake. SI intake resulted in favourable plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations similar to those in guinea pigs fed low levels of dietary cholesterol (-C). The LDL obtained from the control group had a higher number of molecules of free and esterified cholesterol than the SI groups. SI intake resulted in 69–71 % higher cholesterol excretion compared to the control. SI treatment enhanced the total faecal neutral sterol excretion by 54–58 % compared to control and by 70–76 % compared to the (-C) group. These results suggest that SI might have its hypocholesterolaemic effect by reducing cholesterol absorption, which results in lower concentration of cholesterol in liver. This reduction in hepatic cholesterol might possibly alter hepatic cholesterol metabolism and affect lipoprotein concentration and composition.

Relationships between Serum Saturated Fatty Acids and Serum Total Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol in Humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruo Nagaya ◽  
Ken-Ichi Nakaya ◽  
Akemi Takahashi ◽  
Izumi Yoshida ◽  
Yoshinari Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fa Composition

To investigate the effects of serum saturated fatty acids (FAs) on human cholesterol metabolism, total-cholesterol (T-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), T-C/HDL-C ratio, and FA composition [myristic acid (MA, 14:0), palmitic acid (PA, 16:0) and stearic acid (SA, 18:0)] were determined in serum from 115 men and 120 women (20–70 years old). MA, PA and SA were expressed as percentages of serum total FAs. Using multivariate analysis to account for the confounding effects of age, body mass index, drinking, and smoking it was found that SA was negatively correlated with T-C and T-C/HDL-C ratio in both men and women. In men MA was negatively correlated with HDL-C, and in women SA was positively correlated with HDL-C. Although PA was the major component of serum saturated FAs, PA had no significant relation to any cholesterol indices in either sex. These results suggest that serum MA may aggravate and serum SA may improve cholesterol metabolism, thereby influencing the risk for ischaemic heart disease.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY OILS AND FATTY ACIDS ON CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
B. B. Migicovsky
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Liver Homogenates

Rats were fed diets containing 20% oils and 9% fatty acids and the effect of these compounds on cholesterol metabolism was studied. Unsaturated oils and fatty acids increased total cholesterol in the liver and stimulated the incorporation of C14-acetate into cholesterol both in vivo and in liver homogenates. Saturated material such as coconut oil and lauric acid had the opposite effect with respect to amount of liver cholesterol and to in vivo incorporation. The saturated material had no significant effect on synthesis in homogenates. The effect of oils in the diet was rapid, the stimulating effect of rapeseed oils being observed after the rats had been placed on the diet for as short a period as 3 days.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY OILS AND FATTY ACIDS ON CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
B. B. Migicovsky
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Liver Homogenates

Rats were fed diets containing 20% oils and 9% fatty acids and the effect of these compounds on cholesterol metabolism was studied. Unsaturated oils and fatty acids increased total cholesterol in the liver and stimulated the incorporation of C14-acetate into cholesterol both in vivo and in liver homogenates. Saturated material such as coconut oil and lauric acid had the opposite effect with respect to amount of liver cholesterol and to in vivo incorporation. The saturated material had no significant effect on synthesis in homogenates. The effect of oils in the diet was rapid, the stimulating effect of rapeseed oils being observed after the rats had been placed on the diet for as short a period as 3 days.

Effect of saturated and unsaturated fats on hepatic synthesis and biliary excretion of cholesterol by the rat

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean D. Wilson ◽  
Marvin D. Siperstein
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
End Products ◽  
Hepatic Synthesis

In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms by which saturated and unsaturated fats influence cholesterol metabolism, cholesterol synthesis in rat liver slices and the excretion of cholesterol end products into the bile of rats was studied during variations in the type and quantity of dietary fat. Neither 30% lard nor 30% corn oil diets had any effect on either the excretion of total cholesterol-C14 end products or of cholesterol itself into bile. Furthermore, the feeding of lard or corn oil, at either the 10% or 30% level, had no effect on the rate of conversion of acetate or mevalonate to cholesterol. These studies are interpreted as suggesting that the effects of saturated and unsaturated fats on cholesterol levels in rats are mediated at some phase of cholesterol metabolism other than the hepatic synthesis or hepatic degradation and excretion of this sterol.

scholarly journals Obesity Does Not Interfere with the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Plant Stanol Ester Consumption (as Part of a Heart-Healthy Diet)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Piia Simonen ◽  
Elisa Arte ◽  
Helena Gylling
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Plant Stanol Ester ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Stanol Ester

Dietary modifications including plant stanol ester consumption are recommended measures to control serum and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations, but obesity can affect their responses. We investigated whether body mass index (BMI) affects serum cholesterol levels during plant stanol (mainly sitostanol) ester consumption. This ad hoc analysis was based on earlier results of a cross-over, randomized controlled trial of postmenopausal women consuming rapeseed oil-based margarine without or with plant stanol ester (3 g plant stanols/day) for seven weeks. We classified the subjects as normal-weight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2, n = 9, mean 22.6 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2, n = 11, mean 28.4 kg/m2), and recalculated the results, focusing on cholesterol absorption, cholesterol synthesis, and fecal steroid outputs. Serum cholesterol levels were similar in the groups during the control diet. Plant stanol ester reduced serum cholesterol by 0.63 ± 0.19 mmol/L (11%) in normal-weight and by 0.75 ± 0.13 mmol/L (12%) in overweight/obese subjects (p < 0.05 for both), and cholesterol absorption was reduced in both groups. However, relative and dietary cholesterol absorption were more effectively reduced in normal-weight subjects. In conclusion, overweight/obesity did not interfere with the serum cholesterol response to plant stanol ester consumption despite substantial differences in cholesterol metabolism between the groups.

scholarly journals Effect of ovulation on serum cholesterol in women of reproductive age group

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Madhuri Panigrahi ◽  
Santosh K. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Reproduction and contraception is mostly central around ovulation.  The sex hormones undergo changes in levels with ovulation.  They also play an important role in cholesterol metabolism, especially oestrogen. Aim of our study was to find out changes in serum cholesterol before and after ovulation in women of reproductive age.Methods: In present study 70 women of reproductive age group (15-49years) were recruited. Serum cholesterol was measured around time of ovulation.Results: It was found that, during the follicular phase there was a significant increase in total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations compared to post ovulatory phase. During the ovulatory phase there was a decrease in total cholesterol and increase in HDL-C   compared to follicular phase. VLDL levels showed increasing trend from follicular to post ovulatory phase.Conclusions: Ovulation improves cardiovascular risk factors which may account of the decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases among ovulating women. And secondly, the menstrual cycle phase should be taken into account when evaluating cholesterol levels among reproductive age group women.

scholarly journals IndustrialTransFatty Acid and Serum Cholesterol: The Allowable Dietary Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Takeuchi ◽  
Michihiro Sugano
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Transfatty acid (TFA) from partially hydrogenated oil is regarded as the worst dietary fatty acid per gram due to its role in coronary heart disease. TFA consumption is decreasing worldwide, but some but not all observational studies indicate that TFA intake has little relevance to serum cholesterol levels in populations with low TFA intake (<1%E[percentage of total energy intake], <approximately 2 g/day). Few intervention trials examined the effect of TFAs on blood cholesterol at relatively low levels (<2%E); no definite evidence is available on the tolerable upper level of the intake. A series of our intervention studies in Japanese suggested that an industrial TFA intake at <1%Edoes not influence the serum cholesterol level. To establish allowable level, we must consider not only the dietary level of TFAs, but also the composition of dietary fats simultaneously consumed, that is, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids strengthen or counteract the adverse effect of TFAs on serum cholesterol levels. In this review we describe the complex situation of the cardiovascular effects of industrial TFAs. The relationship between dietary industrial TFAs and concentration of plasma cholesterol should be evaluated from the viewpoint of dietary patterns rather than TFAs alone.　

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document