Relationships between Serum Saturated Fatty Acids and Serum Total Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol in Humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruo Nagaya ◽  
Ken-Ichi Nakaya ◽  
Akemi Takahashi ◽  
Izumi Yoshida ◽  
Yoshinari Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fa Composition

To investigate the effects of serum saturated fatty acids (FAs) on human cholesterol metabolism, total-cholesterol (T-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), T-C/HDL-C ratio, and FA composition [myristic acid (MA, 14:0), palmitic acid (PA, 16:0) and stearic acid (SA, 18:0)] were determined in serum from 115 men and 120 women (20–70 years old). MA, PA and SA were expressed as percentages of serum total FAs. Using multivariate analysis to account for the confounding effects of age, body mass index, drinking, and smoking it was found that SA was negatively correlated with T-C and T-C/HDL-C ratio in both men and women. In men MA was negatively correlated with HDL-C, and in women SA was positively correlated with HDL-C. Although PA was the major component of serum saturated FAs, PA had no significant relation to any cholesterol indices in either sex. These results suggest that serum MA may aggravate and serum SA may improve cholesterol metabolism, thereby influencing the risk for ischaemic heart disease.

scholarly journals FADS1 genetic variant rs174547 as a molecular-genetic biomarker for CVD risk: A study from Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Elena Kuzova ◽  
Tzveta Georgieva ◽  
Vesselka Duleva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Difference

The input of molecular genetic biomarkers allows individual assessment of metabolic pathways and the behaviour of the major enzymes responsible for nutrient conversion. This in turn enriches the nutrigenetic information fund, and the panels of well-studied gene variants and their interaction with nutrients can be used to create precise personalized diets. Our objective was to determine the significance of the rs174547 genetic variant in the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene in the metabolism of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ingested with food and to identify the potential of FADS1 rs174547 as a molecular genetic marker to be included in a panel of nutrigenetic studies in order to prepare a personalized diet plan. A total of 123 volunteers (43 men and 80 women) from Bulgaria, aged 28 to 65 years, were tested for rs174547 in the FADS1 gene. A DNA sample was taken from each volunteer by a non-invasive method (buccal swabs), and the genetic variant of each individual was determined by molecular genetic approaches. Their general health was assessed by taking anthropometric and body impedance measurements data and completing a lifestyle survey. The lipid profile included testing for triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and blood sugar. Information on the total food intake was collected through questionnaire methods. The results of the statistical tests show that there is a statistically significant difference between the two genotypes only in HDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.044, at P < 0.05) - carriers of the C/T genotype have lower mean concentration values of HDL-cholesterol (1.27 mmol/l) than for T/T variant carriers (1.48 mmol/l). Among men, there were statistically significant differences in mean levels of total cholesterol (P = 0.012) and HDL cholesterol (P = 0.008) between the two genotypes. Among women, there was a statistically significant difference between the two genotypes only in terms of mean triglyceride levels (P = 0.007). The differences in the other studied indicators do not satisfy the criterion for significance (P < 0.05). The results suggest an effect of the intake of SFA (saturated fatty acids) and MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) on the relationship between rs174547 polymorphism and plasma lipids (total and LDL-cholesterol) only in men. Studies of the Bulgarian population prove extremely low intake of omega-3 fatty acids due to low consumption of fish. These findings and the lack of data for Bulgaria on genetic variants of FADS1 are a prerequisite for conducting in-depth studies of both risk groups, such as patients with cardiovascular disease, dyslipidaemia or nutritional deficiency of LC-PUFAs, and in healthy people.

The effects of pre-pregnancy obesity and gestational weight gain on maternal lipid profiles, fatty acids and insulin resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muge Gul Gulecoglu Onem ◽  
Canan Coker ◽  
Kemal Baysal ◽  
Sabahattin Altunyurt ◽  
Pembe Keskinoglu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Gestational Weight

Abstract Objectives Pregnancy is associated with physiological alterations in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. This study investigates the associations between pregestational body mass index (pBMI) and the rate of gestational weight gain (rGWG) in the second trimester with the biomarkers of lipid, fatty acids metabolism and insulin resistance. Methods Sixty nine pregnant women followed. The body weights of the pregnant women were measured and blood samples were obtained at 11–14th and 24–28th weeks of pregnancy. Glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin levels and fatty acids were measured. Rate of GWG (kg/week) and The Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The pregnant women were stratified according to their pBMI and the 2nd trimester rGWG. Results The rate of GWG was significantly higher for the group with pBMI<25, compared to the group with pBMI≥25 (p=0.024). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol were significantly increased in the second trimester compared with the first trimester. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, myristic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), total omega-6 (n − 6) and omega-3 (n − 3) fatty acid levels and n − 6/n − 3 ratio were significantly higher in the second trimester. Glucose was significantly decreased and insulin was increased in the second trimester. In the overweight/obese group; HOMA-IR, insulin, AA, palmitoleic acid and stearic acid were found to be high in comparison to the group with low/normal pBMI. No parameters were associated with rGWG. Conclusions The changes in lipid parameters, free fatty acids, insulin and HOMA-IR in the second trimester were compatible with the changes in lipid metabolism and the development of insulin resistance. Pregestational BMI was shown to have a stronger influence on lipid profile, insulin resistance, and fatty acids than rGWG.

scholarly journals Characterization of planktonic and biofilm fatty acid profiles and evaluation of their trophic transfer potential to Hyalella Azteca

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Chien-Yao Chao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Transfer Potential

Fatty acid (FA) composition between biofilms and batch planktonic cultures were compared for two bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureaus. Biofilm cultures exhibited decrease in saturated fatty acids (SAFA) that potentially conform to a more fluidic biophysical membrane property. The amount of FA in the biofilms' extracellular polymeric substance was not sufficient to consider it having a major contribution to the observed differences between biofilms and batch planktonic cultures. While biofilm grazing by the amphipod Hyalella azteca was evident, only certain bacteria-specific FA appeared to have the potential to be retained (odd-number SAFA and branched-chain FA). H. azteca with diet strictly consisted of bacteria biofilms did not demonstrate significant changes in their nutritional condition in terms of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA): combined with the results from fasting trials, H. azteca appears to have the capacity to retain ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs up to 10 days.

Abstract P128: Serum Lipid Levels at Adolescence can Predict Adult Dyslipidemia in South Korea - The Kangwha Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung H Lee ◽  
Hyeon C Kim ◽  
Dae R Kang ◽  
Il Suh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Auc Value

Introduction: Several studies have examined tracking pattern of lipid profile level during long follow-up periods in Western countries. However, there have been few such studies in East Asia. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that there exists tracking pattern of lipid profile level from adolescence to adulthood, and lipid measurements in adolescence can predict adult dyslipidemia in South Korea. Methods: The Kangwha Study was a community-based prospective cohort study that started in 1986 in Kangwha County, South Korea . A total of 400 participants (54% women) whose serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level were measured at least once during adolescence (1992-1996), and repeatedly measured at least once during adulthood (2005-2015) were enrolled in our study. Body mass index, waist circumstance, and blood pressure were measured at all measurements. Family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking history, and presence of adult dyslipidemia were checked at adulthood. The tracking pattern of lipid profile level was determined by tracking coefficients (low: <0.30; moderate: 0.30-0.59; moderately high: 0.60-0.89; high: ≥0.90). The tracking coefficients were calculated by Generalized Estimating Equation. The predictability of adult dyslipidemia was assessed by multiple logistic regression and area under curve (AUC) value. Additional analyses were performed to find out whether repeated lipid measurements during adolescence can enhance the predictability of adult dyslipidemia or not. Results: The presence of adult dyslipidemia was 26.3% (105 of 400). Mean age of study participants at enrollment is 13.8 years (SD, 1.6 years), and that at adulthood is 30.1 years (SD, 3.7 years). When adjusted for age, body mass index, waist circumstance, and blood pressure, the tracking coefficient of total cholesterol was 0.59 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54-0.63), that of triglyceride was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.28-0.49), and that of HDL cholesterol was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.46-0.55). The AUC value of our multiple logistic regression model on adult dyslipidemia without lipid profile levels at adolescence was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.72-0.83), and that with lipid profile levels at adolescence was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.75-0.85). P value for AUC comparison was significant (p=0.02). In additional analyses, using the average lipid profile levels in multiple lipid measurements at adolescence did not significantly improve the AUC value (p>0.09). Conclusion: In conclusion, moderate tracking patterns of serum lipid profile level were shown in this study. Serum lipid profile measurements at adolescence could help the prediction of adult dyslipidemia. The results of this study supported the need of lipid profile screening at adolescence.

scholarly journals Pinto Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Lower Non-HDL Cholesterol in Hamsters Fed a Diet Rich in Saturated Fat and Act on Genes Involved in Cholesterol Homeostasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Tien Nguyen ◽  
Sami Althwab ◽  
Haowen Qiu ◽  
Richard Zbasnik ◽  
Carlos Urrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Pinto Beans

ABSTRACT Background Pinto beans contain multiple active agents such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins, and have been shown to lower cholesterol, but the mechanisms involved in this effect have not been explored. Objective This study was to investigate the changes in cholesterol metabolism in response to whole pinto beans (wPB) and their hulls (hPB) supplemented into a diet rich in saturated fat and the molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for these effects in hamsters. Methods Forty-four 9-wk-old male Golden Syrian hamsters were randomly assigned to 4 diet groups (n = 11), including a 5% (wt:wt) fat diet [normal-fat diet (NF)], a 15% (wt:wt) fat diet [diet rich in saturated fat (HSF), saturated fatty acids accounted for 70% of total fatty acids], or HSF supplemented with 5% (wt:wt) wPB or 0.5% (wt:wt) hPB for 4 wk. Plasma, liver, intestinal, and fecal samples were collected to evaluate multiple cholesterol markers and gene targets. Results The plasma non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) concentration was significantly reduced in the wPB- and hPB-supplemented groups by 31.9 ± 3.5% and 53.6 ± 3.2%, respectively, compared with the HSF group (P < 0.01), to concentrations comparable with the NF group. The wPB-supplemented hamsters had significantly lower liver cholesterol (45.1%, P < 0.001) and higher fecal cholesterol concentrations (94.8%, P = 0.001) than those fed the HSF. The expressions of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (Hmgcr) and small intestinal acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (Acat2) were significantly decreased in animals administered wPB (by 89.1% and 63.8%, respectively) and hPB (by 72.9% and 47.7%, respectively) compared with their HSF-fed counterparts (P < 0.05). The wPB normalized the expression of Acat2 to the level of the NF group. Conclusion Pinto beans remediated high cholesterol induced by HSF in male hamsters by decreasing hepatic cholesterol synthesis and intestinal cholesterol absorption, effects which were partially exerted by the hulls.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY OILS AND FATTY ACIDS ON CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
B. B. Migicovsky
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Liver Homogenates

Rats were fed diets containing 20% oils and 9% fatty acids and the effect of these compounds on cholesterol metabolism was studied. Unsaturated oils and fatty acids increased total cholesterol in the liver and stimulated the incorporation of C14-acetate into cholesterol both in vivo and in liver homogenates. Saturated material such as coconut oil and lauric acid had the opposite effect with respect to amount of liver cholesterol and to in vivo incorporation. The saturated material had no significant effect on synthesis in homogenates. The effect of oils in the diet was rapid, the stimulating effect of rapeseed oils being observed after the rats had been placed on the diet for as short a period as 3 days.

scholarly journals Effects of frying fat and preparation on carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillet lipid composition and oxidation

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sampels ◽  
T. Zajíc ◽  
J. Mráz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Fat Uptake ◽  
Pan Frying ◽  
Frying Fat

We investigated the changes in omega 3 enriched carp fillets caused by pan frying. The investigated characteristics were fat uptake, fatty acid (FA) composition, and oxidation. Four different fats were used and fillets were fried plain or battered. The fillet fat content increased during frying and FA composition in the fillets reflected the composition of the frying fat. Frying with sunflower oil negatively influenced the nutritional value by decreasing the n-3/n-6 ratio in the fillets. Frying with rapeseed oil preserved the favourable n-3/n-6 ratio without increasing the saturated fatty acids (SFA). Frying with lard and butter preserved the n-3/n-6 ratio but increased the SFA content. No increased oxidation occurred with the use of rapeseed oil. We concluded that using rapeseed oil for fish seemed to preserve the nutritionally valuable composition best. &nbsp;

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY OILS AND FATTY ACIDS ON CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
B. B. Migicovsky
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Liver Homogenates

Rats were fed diets containing 20% oils and 9% fatty acids and the effect of these compounds on cholesterol metabolism was studied. Unsaturated oils and fatty acids increased total cholesterol in the liver and stimulated the incorporation of C14-acetate into cholesterol both in vivo and in liver homogenates. Saturated material such as coconut oil and lauric acid had the opposite effect with respect to amount of liver cholesterol and to in vivo incorporation. The saturated material had no significant effect on synthesis in homogenates. The effect of oils in the diet was rapid, the stimulating effect of rapeseed oils being observed after the rats had been placed on the diet for as short a period as 3 days.

scholarly journals Fatty acids composition of macroalgae from Bulgarian Black Sea coast

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Veselina Ivanova ◽  
Mona Stancheva ◽  
Albena Merdzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Cystoseira Barbata ◽  
Black Sea Coast

Abstract Lipids and fatty acids (FA) composition of three Black Sea macroalgae Cladophora vagabunda,Ceramium rubrum and Cystoseira barbata were studied. Fatty acids composition was analyzed by GC/MS. Total lipids content varied widely among the species and ranged between 0.66 and 0.98 g per 100 g fresh weight. Generally, saturated fatty acids were major components (62-71%), with 16:0 as the most abundant saturate (41- 57%). Total polyunsaturated FAs and monounsaturated FAs ranged from 28% to 38%. The green alga Cladophora vagabunda showed higher C18 PUFAs contents than did C20 PUFAs while for red alga Ceramiumrubrum the trend was opposite. Cystoseira barbata belonging to the group of brown algae showed similar amounts of C18 and C20 PUFAs contents. Cladophora vagabunda was rich in linoleic acid and Ceramiumrubrum in arachidonic acid (AA) while Cystoseira barbata was rich in both linoleic acid and eicosopentaenoic acid. All of the studied species had a nutritionally beneficial n6/n3 ratio (1.24-2.84:1).

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