scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF A FACTOR FORMED IN THE COURSE OF ADENOVIRUS INFECTION OF TISSUE CULTURES CAUSING DETACHMENT OF CELLS FROM GLASS

1958 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace P. Rowe ◽  
Janet W. Hartley ◽  
Bernard Roizman ◽  
Hilton B. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cell Detachment ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Kb Cells ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Infectious tissue culture fluids of the majority of serotypes of adenovirus at low dilutions detach HeLa or KB cells from glass surfaces within a few hours after inoculation. A reproducible method for testing cell detachment was devised. The factor present in infectious tissue culture fluids and responsible for cell detachment is trypsin-sensitive and non-dialyzable; it is smaller and more resistant to the effect of heat or ultraviolet light than the infectious virus particle. Cell detachment activity was found to be temperature-dependent, and the cell-detaching titer of infectious tissue culture fluids was not affected by repeated exposure to HeLa cells. Inhibition of cell detachment by human or rabbit sera was observed only when other antibodies to adenovirus antigens were also present, but the antibody inhibiting cell detachment could not be correlated quantitatively with complement-fixing or homologous neutralizing antibody.

scholarly journals FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ADENOVIRUS ERYTHROCYTE RECEPTOR-MODIFYING FACTOR

1961 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius A. Kasel ◽  
Wallace P. Rowe ◽  
John L. Nemes
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Test Virus

Agglutinability of human erythrocytes for 3 hemagglutinating adenoviruses was markedly reduced by pretreatment of red cells with a factor present in tissue cultures which had been infected with adenovirus types 1, 2,4, or 15. The factor responsible for erythrocyte receptor modification was non-dialyzable and unaffected by the action of ribonuclease, desoxyribonuclease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, or ether. The factor was smaller, more thermostable, and separable from the infectious virus. Erythrocyte receptor modification was found to be a function of time and temperature. Titers of erythrocyte receptor-modifying activity were not diminished by successive exposures to fresh erythrocytes. Erythrocytes treated with erythrocyte receptor-modifying factor suspensions failed to significantly adsorb test virus hemagglutinin. Inhibition of erythrocyte receptor modifying-activity of the adenovirus suspensions by rabbit antiserum was type-specific.

Fabrication and characterization of conductive poly(dimethylsiloxane)-carbon nanotube nanocomposites for potential microsensor applications

Sensor Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Akhtarian ◽  
Hadi Veladi ◽  
Sajedeh Mohammadi Aref
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Pdms Elastomer ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to explore the potential possibility of using the conductive and piezoresistive nanocomposites that consist of insulating poly(dimethylsiloxane), a very popular silicone polymer, and the amazing properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in sensing applications. This nanocomposite is prepared by an optimized process to achieve a high-quality nanocomposite with uniform properties.Design/methodology/approachThe optimized process achieved in this study to provide PDMS/CNT nanocomposite includes the appropriate use of ultrasonic bath, magnetic stirrer, molding and curing in certain circumstances that results in obtaining high-quality nanocomposite with uniform properties. Experiments to characterize the influence of some factors such as pressure, temperature and the impact of CNT’s concentration on the electrical properties of the prepared nanocomposite have been designed and carried out.FindingsThe obtained preparing method of this nanocomposite is found to have better homogeneity in comparison to other methods for CNT/PDMS nanocomposite. This nanocomposite has both desirable properties of the PDMS elastomer and the additional conductive CNT, and it can be used to create all-polymer systems. Furthermore, the conductivity values of these nanocomposites can be changed by varying some factors such as temperature and pressure, so that those can be used in temperature- and pressure-sensoring applications.Originality/valueIn the present research, a convenient, inexpensive and reproducible method for preparing CNT/PDMS nanocomposite was investigated. These nanocomposites with the unique properties of both PDMS elastomer and CNTs and also with high electrical conductivity, piezoresistive properties and temperature dependent resistivity can be used in different sensoring applications.

scholarly journals A Potent and Protective Human Neutralizing Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisi Shan ◽  
Chee Keng Mok ◽  
Shuyuan Zhang ◽  
Jun Lan ◽  
Jizhou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Conserved Epitope

As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continue to emerge and spread around the world, antibodies and vaccines to confer broad and potent neutralizing activity are urgently needed. Through the isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, we identified one antibody, P36-5D2, capable of neutralizing the major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Crystal and electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) structure analyses revealed that P36-5D2 targeted to a conserved epitope on the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein, withstanding the three key mutations—K417N, E484K, and N501Y—found in the variants that are responsible for escape from many potent neutralizing mAbs, including some already approved for emergency use authorization (EUA). A single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of P36-5D2 as a prophylactic treatment completely protected animals from challenge of infectious SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Beta. Treated animals manifested normal body weight and were devoid of infection-associated death up to 14 days. A substantial decrease of the infectious virus in the lungs and brain, as well as reduced lung pathology, was found in these animals compared to the controls. Thus, P36-5D2 represents a new and desirable human antibody against the current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

scholarly journals Insights into neutralizing antibody responses in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. eabe6855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Beltrán-Pavez ◽  
Sebastián Riquelme-Barrios ◽  
Aarón Oyarzún-Arrau ◽  
Aracelly Gaete-Argel ◽  
Roxana González-Stegmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Future Studies

Chile has one of the worst numbers worldwide in terms of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases and COVID-19–related deaths per million inhabitants; thus, characterization of neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses in the general population is critical to understanding of immunity at the local level. Given our inability to perform massive classical neutralization assays due to the scarce availability of BSL-3 facilities in the country, we developed and fully characterized an HIV-based SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype, which was used in a 96-well plate format to investigate NAb responses in samples from individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or treated with convalescent plasma. We also identified samples with decreased or enhanced neutralization activity against the D614G spike variant compared with the wild type, indicating the relevance of this variant in host immunity. The data presented here represent the first insights into NAb responses in individuals from Chile, serving as a guide for future studies in the country.

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