Fabrication and characterization of conductive poly(dimethylsiloxane)-carbon nanotube nanocomposites for potential microsensor applications

Sensor Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Akhtarian ◽  
Hadi Veladi ◽  
Sajedeh Mohammadi Aref
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Pdms Elastomer ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to explore the potential possibility of using the conductive and piezoresistive nanocomposites that consist of insulating poly(dimethylsiloxane), a very popular silicone polymer, and the amazing properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in sensing applications. This nanocomposite is prepared by an optimized process to achieve a high-quality nanocomposite with uniform properties.Design/methodology/approachThe optimized process achieved in this study to provide PDMS/CNT nanocomposite includes the appropriate use of ultrasonic bath, magnetic stirrer, molding and curing in certain circumstances that results in obtaining high-quality nanocomposite with uniform properties. Experiments to characterize the influence of some factors such as pressure, temperature and the impact of CNT’s concentration on the electrical properties of the prepared nanocomposite have been designed and carried out.FindingsThe obtained preparing method of this nanocomposite is found to have better homogeneity in comparison to other methods for CNT/PDMS nanocomposite. This nanocomposite has both desirable properties of the PDMS elastomer and the additional conductive CNT, and it can be used to create all-polymer systems. Furthermore, the conductivity values of these nanocomposites can be changed by varying some factors such as temperature and pressure, so that those can be used in temperature- and pressure-sensoring applications.Originality/valueIn the present research, a convenient, inexpensive and reproducible method for preparing CNT/PDMS nanocomposite was investigated. These nanocomposites with the unique properties of both PDMS elastomer and CNTs and also with high electrical conductivity, piezoresistive properties and temperature dependent resistivity can be used in different sensoring applications.

Surface Characterization of Silicon Carbide Following Shallow Implantation of Palladium Ions

2005 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudiu I. Muntele ◽  
Sergey Sarkisov ◽  
Iulia Muntele ◽  
Daryush Ila
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Wide Bandgap ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Wide Bandgap Semiconductor ◽  
Hydrogen Sensing ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
Sensing Applications

ABSTRACTSilicon carbide is a promising wide-bandgap semiconductor intended for use in fabrication of high temperature, high power, and fast switching microelectronics components running without cooling. For hydrogen sensing applications, silicon carbide is generally used in conjunction with either palladium or platinum, both of them being good catalysts for hydrogen. Here we are reporting on the temperature-dependent surface morphology and depth profile modifications of Au, Ti, and W electrical contacts deposited on silicon carbide substrates implanted with 20 keV Pd ions.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Bitrate Switching Algorithm for Speech Applications in Context of WebRTC

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Mohannad Alahmadi ◽  
Peter Pocta ◽  
Hugh Melvin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
End User ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Switching Algorithm ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) combines a set of standards and technologies to enable high-quality audio, video, and auxiliary data exchange in web browsers and mobile applications. It enables peer-to-peer multimedia sessions over IP networks without the need for additional plugins. The Opus codec, which is deployed as the default audio codec for speech and music streaming in WebRTC, supports a wide range of bitrates. This range of bitrates covers narrowband, wideband, and super-wideband up to fullband bandwidths. Users of IP-based telephony always demand high-quality audio. In addition to users’ expectation, their emotional state, content type, and many other psychological factors; network quality of service; and distortions introduced at the end terminals could determine their quality of experience. To measure the quality experienced by the end user for voice transmission service, the E-model standardized in the ITU-T Rec. G.107 (a narrowband version), ITU-T Rec. G.107.1 (a wideband version), and the most recent ITU-T Rec. G.107.2 extension for the super-wideband E-model can be used. In this work, we present a quality of experience model built on the E-model to measure the impact of coding and packet loss to assess the quality perceived by the end user in WebRTC speech applications. Based on the computed Mean Opinion Score, a real-time adaptive codec parameter switching mechanism is used to switch to the most optimum codec bitrate under the present network conditions. We present the evaluation results to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach when compared with the default codec configuration in WebRTC.

PLA conductive filament for 3D printed smart sensing applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Luigi Marasso ◽  
Matteo Cocuzza ◽  
Valentina Bertana ◽  
Francesco Perrucci ◽  
Alessio Tommasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Temperature Characteristic ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose This paper aims to present a study on a commercial conductive polylactic acid (PLA) filament and its potential application in a three-dimensional (3D) printed smart cap embedding a resistive temperature sensor made of this material. The final aim of this study is to add a fundamental block to the electrical characterization of printed conductive polymers, which are promising to mimic the electrical performance of metals and semiconductors. The studied PLA filament demonstrates not only to be suitable for a simple 3D printed concept but also to show peculiar characteristics that can be exploited to fabricate freeform low-cost temperature sensors. Design/methodology/approach The first part is focused on the conductive properties of the PLA filament and its temperature dependency. After obtaining a resistance temperature characteristic of this material, the same was used to fabricate a part of a 3D printed smart cap. Findings An approach to the characterization of the 3D printed conductive polymer has been presented. The major results are related to the definition of resistance vs temperature characteristic of the material. This model was then exploited to design a temperature sensor embedded in a 3D printed smart cap. Practical implications This study demonstrates that commercial conductive PLA filaments can be suitable materials for 3D printed low-cost temperature sensors or constitutive parts of a 3D printed smart object. Originality/value The paper clearly demonstrates that a new generation of 3D printed smart objects can already be obtained using low-cost commercial materials.

Does financial advisor quality improve liquidity and issuer benefits in segmented markets? Evidence from the municipal bond market

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-458
Author(s):  
Kenneth Daniels ◽  
Jack Dorminey ◽  
Brent Smith ◽  
Jayaraman Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Bond Market ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Financial Advisors ◽  
Municipal Bond ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Regression Estimate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Advisor ◽  
Revenue Bonds ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Using a unique sample of about 563,000 competitively bid municipal revenue bonds with financial advisors issued during the period 1998–2012, the purpose of this paper is to examine the role and influence of financial advisor quality in the municipal bond market. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a sample of about 563,000 competitively bid municipal revenue bonds with financial advisors issued during the period 1998–2012. The authors estimate a selection model where the authors identify the factors leading to the selection of a high-quality financial advisor. The authors then, using the inverse mills ratio from the first regression, estimate the association of high-quality advisor (and other factors) with the cost of borrowing. Findings The results suggest that high-quality financial advisors provide a credible signal to market participants about issue and issuer quality. This signal translates to a greater number of bids for issues that use high-quality financial advisors, resulting in improved liquidity and lower borrowing costs for these issues. The results also show that the beneficial effects obtained by using higher quality financial advisors are prevalent across all categories of issues such as for refunding and non-refunding issues, and for both insured and non-insured issues. The benefits are also generally observed for issues of most size categories. The results also suggest that the passage of the Dodd–Frank Act requiring mandatory registration of financial advisors and enhanced scrutiny has only increased the benefits to issuers from using higher quality financial advisors. Originality/value This paper differs from previous research in several important ways. First, the study is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first study that explores the relationship between financial advisor quality and liquidity in the municipal sector. The authors show using higher quality financial advisors enhances liquidity for the issues by attracting a significantly large number of bids. Second, the sample is exclusively comprised of competitively bid revenue issues all of which rely on financial advisors. This enables us to examine more unambiguously the influence of financial advisor quality, without the confounding effects of issues without financial advisors. Third, time coverage (1998–2012) and size of the sample (roughly 563,000 bond issues) enables us to conduct varied sub-sample analyses with greater power since the resulting sub-sample partitions themselves are of very large size. This provides better and additional insights into the role of financial advisor quality. The more current data when compared to prior research enables us to examine the impact of financial advisor quality inter-temporally with special attention devoted to the period after passage of the Dodd–Frank Act.

Integrated maintenance and production decision fork-out-of-nsystem equipment with attenuation of product quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Xiao ◽  
Zhixiang Chen ◽  
Bhaba R. Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Uncertain Demand ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Equipment Maintenance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Decision

PurposeEquipment reliability significantly impacts productivity, and in order to obtain high equipment reliability and productivity, maintenance and production decision should be made simultaneously to keep manufacturing system healthy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the joint optimization of equipment maintenance and production decision fork-out-of-nsystem equipment with attenuation of product quality and to explore the impact of maintenance on the production and cost control for manufacturers.Design/methodology/approachA multi-period Markov chain model fork-out-of-nsystem equipment is set up based on the assumption that the deterioration of equipment is a pure birth process. Then, the maintenance cost, setup cost, inventory holding cost, shortage cost, production cost and the quality cost are analyzed with the uncertain demand and the attenuation of product quality stemmed from equipment deterioration. The total lowest cost per unit time and its specific calculation method are presented. Finally, the robustness and flexibility of the method are verified by a numerical example and the effects of equipment deterioration intensity and attenuation of product quality are analyzed.FindingsThe result shows that the joint decision model could not only satisfy the uncertain demand with low cost and strong robustness but also make the output products high quality level. In addition, the attenuation of product quality would influence the equipment maintenance and production decision and leads to the production waste and increases the operation cost greatly.Originality/valueImplications derived from this study can help production maintenance managers and reliability engineers adequately select maintenance policy to improve the equipment efficiency and productivity with high quality level at a relatively low cost.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF A FACTOR FORMED IN THE COURSE OF ADENOVIRUS INFECTION OF TISSUE CULTURES CAUSING DETACHMENT OF CELLS FROM GLASS

1958 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace P. Rowe ◽  
Janet W. Hartley ◽  
Bernard Roizman ◽  
Hilton B. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cell Detachment ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Kb Cells ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Infectious tissue culture fluids of the majority of serotypes of adenovirus at low dilutions detach HeLa or KB cells from glass surfaces within a few hours after inoculation. A reproducible method for testing cell detachment was devised. The factor present in infectious tissue culture fluids and responsible for cell detachment is trypsin-sensitive and non-dialyzable; it is smaller and more resistant to the effect of heat or ultraviolet light than the infectious virus particle. Cell detachment activity was found to be temperature-dependent, and the cell-detaching titer of infectious tissue culture fluids was not affected by repeated exposure to HeLa cells. Inhibition of cell detachment by human or rabbit sera was observed only when other antibodies to adenovirus antigens were also present, but the antibody inhibiting cell detachment could not be correlated quantitatively with complement-fixing or homologous neutralizing antibody.

Characterization of metals in air and soil near a steel making plant in the North part of Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena C. Rada ◽  
Marco Ragazzi ◽  
Marco Tubino ◽  
Andrea Gambaro ◽  
Clara Turetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
The North ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
North Part ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to define suitable tracers that are particularly significant in assessing the impact on the surrounding environment caused by a steel making plant. Design/methodology/approach – The authors focussed on the detection and quantification of inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals in the soil and in the air in the surrounding area of the steel making plant. The presented data, concerning a plant in the North part of Italy, come from an approach that took into account the advantages of different devices and sampling criteria: apart from conventional devices, two kinds of deposimeters have been used (for characterizing either total or wet/dry depositions). Their locations have been chosen taking into account the distance from the plant. Findings – The paper demonstrates that the presence of diffused emissions plays an important (negative) role still today; thus a modern plant should reduce this kind of emission in order to be accepted from the population living in the surroundings. In the analyzed case study, the benefits of adopting the best available technologies can be seen from the temporal variability of the incidence of the plant. Originality/value – The value of the paper is in the support that it can give to decision makers that must manage a steel making plant in an area.

scholarly journals On-Body Characterization of Planar Differential Antennas for Multiple, Wide, and Narrow Bands

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Luigi Vallozzi ◽  
Domenico Pepe ◽  
Thijs Castel ◽  
Hendrik Rogier ◽  
Domenico Zito
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Narrow Bands

This paper reports the results of the on-body experimental tests of a set of four planar differential antennas, originated by design variations of radiating elements with the same shape and characterized by the potential for covering wide and narrow bands. All the antenna designs have been implemented on low-cost FR4 substrate and characterized experimentally through on-body measurements. The results show the impact of the proximity to the human body on antenna performance and the opportunities in terms of potential coverage of wide and narrow bands for future ad hoc designs and implementations through wearable substrates targeting on-body and off-body communication and sensing applications.

Cottage cheese in a diet – a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Pozzobon ◽  
Clément Pozzobon
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Cottage is a protein-rich food which is commonly consumed by people targeting weight reduction and athletes willing to eat whole-food instead of protein supplements. Yet out of common knowledge, the scientific community lacks solid evidences of the effect of the inclusion of cottage cheese in a diet. The purpose of this paper is to assess the evidences from scientific literature of the impact of inclusion of cottage cheese in a diet. Design/methodology/approach PubMed and Web of Science were searched for scientific literature dealing with “cottage cheese” and “diet.” There was no restriction regarding the type article type, date nor journal it is published in. References found to during the analysis of the articles extracted from database were also included. Studies search, screening and eligibility analysis were led in parallel by two independent reviewers. Findings This survey shows that cottage cheese is a good source of calcium (with 83 mg/100 g) – but not low fat cottage cheese because of its low vitamin S content (p < 0.001) –, a source of probiotic (1 serving providing the recommended dietary intake), a source of high quality proteins, reduces postprandial blood glucose level – healthy and type II diabetes subjects – (p < 0.05), is not linked to increased cardiovascular diseases nor cancer risks (p < 0.05). Originality/value Based on the findings reported in this review, the inclusion of cottage cheese in a diet can be advised for: women to build up calcium storage to fight osteoporosis; more generally calcium/vitamin D deficient subjects; athletes willing to increase their high-quality proteins intake through whole food consumption; dieters looking for low energy, high protein, high satiety food; untreated type II diabetes patients by reducing postprandial glucose level.

Do high-quality standards ensure higher accounting quality? A study in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Bansal ◽  
Ashish Garg
Keyword(s):  
Value Relevance ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Accounting Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Earnings Smoothing ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The study aims to investigate the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)-converged standards (Indian Accounting Standards (INAS)) on the accounting quality of Indian firms. The phased manner approach of implementing INAS provides us a unique setting to investigate the issue in India. Design/methodology/approach The study used difference-in-difference (DiD) methodology, where the accounting quality is compared between test firms and benchmark firms during the pre-and post-INAS adoption period. Accounting quality is operationalized through four different constructs, namely, earnings smoothing, discretionary accruals, earnings timeliness and value relevance of earnings. Findings The findings deduced from the empirical results demonstrate that accounting quality has been significantly reduced after the adoption of INAS. In particular, results show that the degree of earnings smoothing, and the magnitude of discretionary accruals have been increased among test firms in the post-adoption year. Besides, findings provide evidence that timely recognition of losses and value relevance of earnings has been reduced for test firms relative to benchmark firms after the adoption of INAS. Practical implications The results suggest that the mere adoption of high-quality standards does not ensure higher accounting quality in countries with a weaker enforcement mechanism. Hence, stringent enforcement mechanisms are needed to ensure full compliance with accounting standards. This study serves as a case study for other emerging countries that are in the process of IFRS convergence and make them aware of the unintended consequences of IFRS adoption. Originality/value Indian authorities implemented INAS in a phased manner that provides a unique setting to use DiD methodology. DiD helps to control the impact of concurrent economic shocks, while examining the impact of the particular regulatory shock. Besides, this is the first attempt to investigate the impact of INAS on the accounting quality of Indian firms.

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