scholarly journals LOCALIZATION OF ANTIBODIES IN PLASMA CELLS BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanello de Petris ◽  
Gioanna Karlsbad ◽  
Benvenuto Pernis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Outer Cell Membrane ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Direct Counts

The localization of antibody in the interior of plasma cells of lymph nodes of rabbits hyperimmunized with ferritin was studied by electron microscopy. The cells were incubated with the antigen (ferritin) which was allowed to penetrate into the cells by suitable methods. Antigen-antibody precipitates were localized in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and in the perinuclear space. No evident association was found between ferritin and ribosomes or ferritin and outer cell membrane. Cells from control animals immunized with an unrelated antigen, incubated with ferritin, exhibited no labeling. From direct counts of ferritin molecules in plasma cells, a lower limit was evaluated for the antibody concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum (12.2 mg/cm3) and for the total antibody content of a plasma cell (7.0 x 10–3 gm).

scholarly journals LOCALIZATION OF ANTIBODIES BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IN DEVELOPING ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS

1965 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. de Petris ◽  
Gioanna Karlsbad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Booster Injection ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Antigen Antibody

The development of antibody-producing cells in the early stages of the secondary or hyperimmune response has been studied with the electron microscope in lymph nodes of adult chinchilla rabbits immunized with ferritin or apoferritin. The intracellular distribution of antiferritin antibodies was determined in the lymph node cells at 1 to 5 days after a booster injection, employing the labelling technique previously used by the authors (12) to demonstrate the localization of antibodies in mature plasma cells. Antibodies were first detected at 48 hours in blasts; i.e., cells which have a poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum and a cytoplasm filled with many ribosomes grouped in clusters. The label was subsequently found in forms intermediate between blasts and plasma cells (plasmoblasts, immature plasma cells), in which the endoplasmic reticulum appeared progressively more developed. Antiferritin antibodies were also found in cells in mitosis. In all the above cell types, antigen-antibody precipitates were consistently found in the perinuclear space and in the cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, from an early stage in the development of the latter. Evidence was also obtained for the presence of antibody in the Golgi area. The results are discussed in relation to the possible cellular sites of antibody synthesis.

scholarly journals The ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins in human b cells of immunoproliferative diseases

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Gourdin ◽  
JP Farcet ◽  
F Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Human B Cells

Abstract The cellular distribution of immunoglobulins in human malignant and normal B cells was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy by direct incubation of fixed cells with electron microscopy by direct incubation of fixed cells with peroxidase-coupled antibody. These conjugates penetrated into the cell, resulting in the simultaneous detection of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. The latter were seen as specific intracisternal staining of the perinuclear space and endoplasmic reticulum and occasionally of the Golgi complex. Plasma cells were frequently characterized by a heterogeneity of reactivity of the endoplasmic reticulum. Minute amounts of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin were demonstrated in cells without developed secretory organelles, such as lymphoma cells and lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The method allowed us to define several subsets of cells according to the expression of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins and thus to determine the stage of maturation of cells involved in monoclonal proliferation.

scholarly journals β-catenin activation is not involved in sporadic parathyroid carcinomas and adenomas

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Cetani ◽  
E Pardi ◽  
C Banti ◽  
P Collecchi ◽  
P Viacava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Membrane Staining ◽  
Outer Cell Membrane

Aberrant accumulation of β-catenin has been found in various types of human tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated in parathyroid carcinomas and adenomas. We studied 154 parathyroid tumors (18 carcinomas (13 with distant metastases), six atypical adenomas, and 130 adenomas). Three normal parathyroid tissues were used as control. Direct sequencing of exon 3 of the CTNNB1 gene showed absence of stabilizing mutations in all the tumors. Immunostaining of β-catenin was performed in all carcinomas and in 66 adenomas (including three atypical). Normal parathyroid showed a homogeneous distinct outer cell membrane staining in the majority of cells and no nuclear staining. A weak cytoplasmic staining was observed in one case. All tumors showed negative nuclear staining. With the exception of one carcinoma, which had a negative membrane staining, all other samples showed a membrane staining which was similar to that of the normal parathyroid. β-Catenin expression was heterogeneous with a range of positive cells between 5 and 80%, independently of tumor type. Our results suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is not involved in the development of parathyroid carcinomas and adenomas.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF PLASMA-CELL TUMORS OF THE MOUSE

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Parsons ◽  
E. B. Darden ◽  
D. L. Lindsley ◽  
Guthrie T. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Granular Body ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Cytoplasmic Structure ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
C3h Mice

An electron microscope study was made of a series of transplanted MPC-1 plasma-cell tumors carried by BALB/c mice. Large numbers of particles similar in morphology to virus particles were present inside the endoplasmic reticulum of tumor plasma cells. Very few particles were seen outside the cells or in ultracentrifuged preparations of the plasma or ascites fluid. In very early tumors particles were occasionally seen free in the cytoplasm adjacent to finely granular material. In general, the distribution of these particles inside endoplasmic reticulum is similar in early and late tumors. A few transplanted X5563 tumors of C3H mice were also examined. Large numbers of particles were found in the region of the Golgi apparatus in late X5663 tumors. A newly described cytoplasmic structure of plasma cells, here called a "granular body," appears to be associated with the formation of the particles. Particles present in MPC-1 tumors are exclusively of a doughnut form, whereas some of those in the inclusions of the late X5563 tumors show a dense center. Normal plasma cells, produced by inoculation of a modified Freund adjuvant into BALB/c mice. have been compared morphologically with tumor plasma cells of both tumor lines.

scholarly journals Damage of lipopolysaccharides in outer cell membrane and production of ROS-mediated stress within bacteria makes nano zinc oxide a bactericidal agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 857-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasun Patra ◽  
Shuvrodeb Roy ◽  
Sampad Sarkar ◽  
Shouvik Mitra ◽  
Saheli Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Nano Zinc Oxide ◽  
Outer Cell Membrane ◽  
Nano Zinc ◽  
Bactericidal Agent

scholarly journals Endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transitions upon herpes virus infection

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wild ◽  
Andres Kaech ◽  
Elisabeth M. Schraner ◽  
Ladina Walser ◽  
Mathias Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Progeny Virus ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Exit Route ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Hsv 1

Background: Herpesvirus capsids are assembled in the nucleus before they are translocated to the perinuclear space by budding, acquiring tegument and envelope, or releasing to the cytoplasm in a “naked” state via impaired nuclear envelope. One model proposes that envelopment, “de-envelopment” and “re-envelopment” are essential steps for production of infectious virus. Glycoproteins gB/gH were reported to be essential for de-envelopment, by fusion of the “primary” envelope with the outer nuclear membrane. Yet, a high proportion of enveloped virions generated from genomes with deleted gB/gH were found in the cytoplasm and extracellular space, suggesting the existence of an alternative exit route.Methods: We investigated the relatedness between the nuclear envelope and membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, in cells infected with either herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) or a Us3 deletion mutant thereof, or with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, employing freezing technique protocols that lead to improved spatial and temporal resolution.Results: Scanning electron microscopy showed the Golgi complex as a compact entity in a juxtanuclear position covered by a membrane on thecisface. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Golgi membranes merge with membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum forming an entity with the perinuclear space. All compartments contained enveloped virions. After treatment with brefeldin A, HSV-1 virions aggregated in the perinuclear space and endoplasmic reticulum, while infectious progeny virus was still produced.Conclusions: The data strongly suggest that virions are intraluminally transported from the perinuclear space via Golgi complex-endoplasmic reticulum transitions into Golgi cisternae for packaging into transport vacuoles. Furthermore, virions derived by budding at nuclear membranes are infective as has been shown for HSV-1 Us3 deletion mutants, which almost entirely accumulate in the perinuclear space. Therefore, de-envelopment followed by re-envelopment is not essential for production of infective progeny virus.

scholarly journals The ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins in human b cells of immunoproliferative diseases

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1140
Author(s):  
MF Gourdin ◽  
JP Farcet ◽  
F Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Human B Cells

The cellular distribution of immunoglobulins in human malignant and normal B cells was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy by direct incubation of fixed cells with electron microscopy by direct incubation of fixed cells with peroxidase-coupled antibody. These conjugates penetrated into the cell, resulting in the simultaneous detection of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. The latter were seen as specific intracisternal staining of the perinuclear space and endoplasmic reticulum and occasionally of the Golgi complex. Plasma cells were frequently characterized by a heterogeneity of reactivity of the endoplasmic reticulum. Minute amounts of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin were demonstrated in cells without developed secretory organelles, such as lymphoma cells and lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The method allowed us to define several subsets of cells according to the expression of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins and thus to determine the stage of maturation of cells involved in monoclonal proliferation.

The Electrical Potential Difference Across the Epithelium of Isolated Gills of the Crayfish Austropotamobius Pallipes (Lereboullet)

1965 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-474
Author(s):  
P. C. CROGHAN ◽  
R. A. CURRA ◽  
A. P. M. LOCKWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Electrical Potential Difference ◽  
Austropotamobius Pallipes ◽  
Outer Cell Membrane

1. A technique is described for recording the electrical potential differences across the epitheium (epithelial potential) of isolated podobranch gills of Austropotamobius pallipes continuously perfused with Ringer solution in various external media. 2. In a medium of 0.01 Ringer, in which the animals had previously been kept, the mean epithelial potential ± standard deviation was -60 ± 12 mV. (Sign defines potential of body fluid with respect to external medium.) Chloride, sodium and potassium must be actively transported into the body fluid against an electrochemical gradient. Calcium and magnesium ions appear to be approximately in equilibrium. 3. The steady-state membrane potentials were recorded in various external concentrations of Ringer solution. The potential is about zero with Ringer solution outside and rises to a maximum with 0.01 Ringer outside. 4. Changes of the electrical potential were recorded when the concentration of a single electrogenic ion was changed in the external medium (0.01 Ringer), and were used to define an apparent transport number of the ion in the outer cell membrane. 5. There was no correlation between the transport numbers and the epithelial potential. 6. There was a continuous gradation of gill types from a predominantly cationpermeable type towards a more chloride permeable type. There is a correlation between the type of gill and the position in the gill series. 7. The properties of the epithelial cells of Austropotamobius gill are significantly different from those of the epithelial cells of frog skin. It is suggested that in Austropotamobius a chloride pump is situated in the outer cell membrane.

The feeding site and probable feeding mechanism of the parasitic nematode Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1215-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Capillaria Hepatica ◽  
Parenchymal Liver ◽  
Outer Cell Membrane ◽  
Tissue Fluids ◽  
Nucleolar Components

Examination by light and electron microscopy of the tissue surrounding the anterior end of the trichuroid nematode Capillaria hepatica in the liver of its mouse host indicates that the nematode is enclosed by multinucleate cytoplasmic masses originating from parenchymal liver cells. These cytoplasmic masses have desmosomal contacts with adjacent cells. Nuclei often have an irregularly expanded nuclear envelope, greatly increased amounts of heterochromatin or increases in interchromatinic and perichromatinic granules, and segregated nucleolar components. Mitochondria are swollen and endoplasmic reticulum is swollen or vesiculated to varying degrees. The outer cell membrane of the cytoplasmic masses is thrown into extensive irregular folds, but on the surface next to the nematode, no cell membrane can be found. As the nematode's intestinal contents include remnants of cellular materials, it seems likely that the nematode feeds upon the cytoplasm surrounding its anterior region. Unsuccessful attempts to demonstrate the uptake of trypan blue, colloidal gold, or ferritin injected into the host's circulatory system further suggest that this nematode feeds from the induced host reaction rather than from blood or tissue fluids.

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF ANTIBODY IN DIFFERENTIATING PLASMA CELLS

1968 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth H. Leduc ◽  
Stratis Avrameas ◽  
Michel Bouteille
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Plasmacytic Differentiation ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Large Spherical

Antibody was localized by electron microscopy within differentiating and mature plasma cells of the spleens of hyperimmunized rabbits. Horseradish peroxidase was used as antigen. Intracellular antibody to peroxidase was revealed in glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue by coupling it with its antigen and then revealing the sites of peroxidase activity cytochemically. Antibody first appears in the perinuclear space of hemocytoblasts where it persists through differentiation into immature plasma cells, but it disappears from this site in mature plasma cells. Concomitant with the development of the ergastoplasm, antibody accumulates in many but not all of its cisternae. Antibody is present in the lamellar portion of the Golgi apparatus in all phases of plasmacytic differentiation. Mature plasma cells exhibit two types of antibody distribution, a concentration into large spherical intracisternal granules or an overflowing into all parts of the cytoplasm.

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