scholarly journals HISTOCOMPATIBILITY STUDIES IN A CLOSELY BRED COLONY OF DOGS

1971 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1222-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Dausset ◽  
Felix T. Rapaport ◽  
Frances D. Cannon ◽  
Joseph W. Ferrebee
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Liver Transplants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Heart Transplants ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Independent Segregation ◽  
Autosomal Pair ◽  
Cardiac Allografts ◽  
Parallel Fashion

The segregation of the canine DL-A leukocyte group antigen(s) b, c, d, e, f, g, h, k, l, and m has been traced in 141 consecutive matings in the Cooperstown Colony of beagles. All of the leukocyte antigen(s) were regularly transmitted en bloc from parent to offspring, with no instance of independent segregation. A total of 23 haplotypes, including six different DL-A antigen patterns (gl, bkhfm, bkcd, e, be, fgl) was observed. 31 different DL-A phenotypes were observed in a population of 100 mongrel dogs. A number of statistically significant positive and negative associations between individual DL-A antigenic components occurred in this population. The results support the concept of the DL-A system as a complex immunogenetic system governed by a single region (or locus) of an autosomal pair of chromosomes. Studies of skin, kidney, heart, and liver allografts in the Cooperstown Colony indicated that the longest allograft survivals occur under genetically and serologically defined conditions of donor-recipient DL-A compatibility. Skin and renal allografts generally behaved in parallel fashion, while cardiac allografts survived for longer periods of time (MST = 47.1 days) than kidneys (MST = 28.1 days) or skin (MST = 25.1 days) under conditions of DL-A identity. Heart transplants were rejected at a more rapid rate than kidney, however, in DL-A-incompatible donor-recipient combinations. Liver transplants were accorded the longest survival time (MST = 76.2 days) under conditions of DL-A identity, but were rejected at a rapid rate (MST = 5 days) in DL-A-incompatible nonlittermate donor-recipient pairs. The results provide further evidence that the DL-A system is the principal system of histocompatibility in the canine species. The differences in survival of different organs under similar conditions of donor-recipient DL-A compatibility suggest, however, the existence of a number of unknown variables which may also be capable of significantly affecting allograft behavior.

scholarly journals HISTOCOMPATIBILITY STUDIES IN A CLOSELY BRED COLONY OF DOGS

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix T. Rapaport ◽  
Arthur D. Boyd ◽  
Frank C. Spencer ◽  
Richard R. Lower ◽  
Jean Dausset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allograft Rejection ◽  
Histocompatibility Antigens ◽  
Heart Transplants ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Renal Allografts ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Cardiac Allografts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Major Donor ◽  
Selection Of

The DL-A system of histocompatibility plays an important role in conditioning the survival of cardiac allografts in the unmodified canine host. The mean survival time of six cardiac allografts performed in DL-A-compatible littermate dogs obtained from a closely bred colony of beagles was 53.2 days, while the MST of transplants performed in seven DL-A-incompatible animals was 7.3 days. The MST of cardiac allografts performed in nine DL-A-compatible nonlittermate beagles was 26.3 days, as compared with 6.3 days in six DL-A-incompatible nonlittermate transplants. The results did not appear to be affected by Swisher erythrocyte-group incompatibilities. The MST of 28 cardiac allografts performed in randomly selected mongrel dogs was 10.0 days. Incompatibilities for DL-A antigens e, f, g, l, and m may constitute major barriers to transplantation, but antigens b, c, d, and k appeared to act as weak histocompatibility antigens. Under controlled conditions of donor-recipient DL-A compatibility, cardiac allografts may be less immunogenic than renal transplants. Heart transplants performed across major donor-recipient DL-A incompatibilities appeared, however, to be more vulnerable to the events of allograft rejection than renal allografts performed under similar conditions. The selection of optimally compatible donor-recipient combinations for organ transplantation may be aided materially by genetic studies of the transmission of DL-A antigens to the animals under consideration.

BCL-6 Overexpression Predicts Poor Response to Reduced Immune Suppression Therapy in Children with Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD).

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4342-4342
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Porter ◽  
Xiayuan Liang ◽  
Edythe A. Albano
Keyword(s):  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disease ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Liver Transplants ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Heart Transplants ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Archived Specimens

Abstract Background: PTLD is a well known complication of organ transplantation. While the understanding of this disease is increasing, the diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. The clinical, morphological, and molecular findings in PTLD vary widely. Reduction of immune suppression is the treatment of choice, but is effective in only 20–50% of patients. Mutations in the BCL6 gene have been demonstrated in some lymphomas and PTLD and may have prognostic implications. A single study, in which most subjects were adults, has suggested that BCL6 mutation in PTLD predicts a lack of response to reduced immunosuppression (IS). Objectives: To determine if BCL-6 overexpression predicts poor response to reduced IS or decreased survival in children with PTLD. Methods: Clinical data of patients identified with PTLD at The Children’s Hospital (TCH) from 1992–2002 were obtained, including age, type of organ transplanted, subtype of PTLD, treatment received, response to treatment, relapse free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Archived specimens of lesions obtained at the time of diagnosis of PTLD were evaluated for the presence of BCL-6 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: Between 1992 and 2002, 486 organ transplants (211 heart, 107 hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), 86 liver, 82 kidney) were performed at TCH. During that same period, 20 children were diagnosed with 21 cases of PTLD. Eleven patients had liver transplants (12.7% of transplants), 5 had heart transplants (2.4%), 3 had HSC transplants (2.8%), and 1 had a kidney transplant (1.2%). Histologic classifications of PTLD included 1 follicular hyperplasia, 9 polymorphic PTLD, and 11 lymphomas. Only 5 of 20 patients responded to reduced IS. Overall mortality was 45% (9/20). BCL-6 was overexpressed in 7 of 18 evaluable specimens from 20 patients. None of the patients with BCL-6 overexpression responded to reduced IS (p=0.05). BCL-6 overexpression was associated with monomorphic histology (p=0.02), but did not predict RFS or OS. Conclusions: BCL-6 expression is associated with monomorphic histology and non-response to reduced IS in children with PTLD. Larger, prospective studies of BCL-6 mutation and expression are needed to verify the clinical significance of these findings.

Perioperative management of pediatric en-bloc combined heart-liver transplants: a case series review

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 976-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manchula Navaratnam ◽  
Ann Ng ◽  
Glyn D. Williams ◽  
Katsuhide Maeda ◽  
Julianne M. Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perioperative Management ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Liver Transplants ◽  
En Bloc

Human Leukocyte Antigen Mismatch in Heart Transplants Continues To Predict Outcomes in Modern Era of Immunosuppression

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. S213 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Carvajal ◽  
E.P. Kransdorf ◽  
D.L. Kasper ◽  
R.L. Scott ◽  
D.E. Steidley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Heart Transplants ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Modern Era

scholarly journals Influence of Preformed Antibodies in Liver Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Legaz ◽  
Francisco Boix ◽  
Manuela López ◽  
Rafael Alfaro ◽  
José A. Galián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Liver Transplants ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Donor Specific Antibodies

The significance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) in liver transplantation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of DSAs in a large cohort of 810 liver recipients undergoing liver transplant to determine the influence on acute (AR) or chronic liver rejection (CR), graft loss and allograft survival. DSAs were identified using complement dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch (CDC-CM) and multiplexed solid-phase-based flow cytometry assay (Luminex). CDC-CM showed that a 3.2% of liver transplants were positive (+CDC-CM) with an AR frequency of 19.2% which was not different from that observed in negative patients (−CDC-CM, 22.3%). Only two patients transplanted with +CDC-CM (7.6%) developed CR and suffered re-transplant. +CDC-CM patients showed a significantly lower survival rate compared to −CDC-CM patients (23.1% vs. 59.1%, p = 0.0003), developing allograft failure within the first three months (p < 0.00001). In conclusion, we have demonstrated a relationship between the presence of preformed DSAs and the low graft liver survival, indicating the important role and the potential interest of performing this analysis before liver transplantation. Our results could help to detect patients with an increased risk of graft loss, a better choice of liver receptors as well as the establishment of individualized immunosuppressive regimens.

Platinum Compounds as Stains for Electron Microscopy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
S. K. Aggarwal ◽  
P. McAllister ◽  
R. W. Wagner ◽  
B. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sarcoma 180 ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Kb Cells ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Human Lymphoma ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Blue Coloration

Uranyl acetate has been used as an electron stain for en bloc staining as well as for staining ultrathin sections in conjunction with various lead stains (Fig. 1). Present studies reveal that various platinum compounds also show promise as electron stains. Certain platinum compounds have been shown to be effective anti-tumor agents. Of particular interest are the compounds with either uracil or thymine as one of the ligands (cis-Pt(II)-uracil; cis-Pt(II)-thymine). These compounds are amorphous, highly soluble in water and often exhibit an intense blue coloration. These compounds show enough electron density to be used as stains for electron microscopy. Most of the studies are based on various cell lines (human AV, cells, human lymphoma cells, KB cells, Sarcoma-180 ascites cells, chick fibroblasts and HeLa cells) while studies on tissue blocks are in progress.

Cellular Contacts Within the Interhemal Membrane of the Rat Placenta at Term

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
William P. Jollie
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Aldehyde Fixation ◽  
Chorioallantoic Placenta

By routine EM preparative techniques, the tissues which, collectively, separate maternal and fetal bloods in the fully formed chorioallantoic placenta of the rat have been shown to consist of three chorionic layers, or trophoblast, and a layer of allantoic capillary endothelium [Fig. 1]. Relationships between these layers are best demonstrated by special techniques, viz., cacodylate-buffered aldehyde fixation, collidine-buffered osmium tetroxide postfixation, and en bloc staining with uranyl acetate. By using this method on placentas at term, the cells of the outermost chorionic layer (Trophoblast 1) appear to be attached to each other by means of maculae adherentes which sometimes occur in clusters [Fig. 2].

Localization of pancreatic enzymes in ultrathin frozen sections stained with metal labeled antibody

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Pancreatic Enzymes ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Method

Localization of amylase,chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in pancreas was demonstrated by Yasuda and Coons (1966), by using fluorescent antibody method. These enzymes were naturally found in the zymogen granules. Among them, amylase showed a diffuse localization around the nucleus, in addition to the zymogen granules. Using ferritin antibody method, scattered ferritin granules were also found around the Golgi area (Yasuda et al.,1967). The recent advance in the tissue preparation enables the antigen to be localized in the ultrathin frozen sections, by applying the labeled antibodies onto the sections instead of staining the tissue en bloc.The present study deals with the comparison of the localization of amylase and lipase demonstrated by applying the bismuth-labeled, peroxidase-labeled and ferritin-labeled antibody methods on the ultrathin frozen sections of pancreas, and on the blocks of the same tissue.

Lead aspartate: a new en bloc stain for electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
J.R. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
High Alkalinity

In electron microscopy, lead is the metal most widely used for enhancing specimen contrast. Lead citrate requires a pH of 12 to stain thin sections of epoxy-embedded material rapidly and intensively. However, this high alkalinity tends to leach out enzyme reaction products, making lead citrate unsuitable for many cytochemical studies. Substitution of the chelator aspartate for citrate allows staining to be carried out at pH 6 or 7 without apparent effect on cytochemical products. Moreover, due to the low, controlled level of free lead ions, contamination-free staining can be carried out en bloc, prior to dehydration and embedding. En bloc use of lead aspartate permits the grid-staining step to be bypassed, allowing samples to be examined immediately after thin-sectioning.Procedures. To prevent precipitation of lead salts, double- or glass-distilled H20 used in the stain and rinses should be boiled to drive off carbon dioxide and glassware should be carefully rinsed to remove any persisting traces of calcium ion.

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