scholarly journals SYNERGY AMONG RESPONDING LYMPHOID CELLS IN THE ONE-WAY MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION

1974 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1488-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Tittor ◽  
Maria Gerbase-Delima ◽  
Roy L. Walford
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Cell Subpopulations ◽  
The One ◽  
Adult Thymus

The present studies have shown that two subpopulations of thymus-dependent lymphocytes may act synergistically in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in the mouse. One subpopulation was well represented in the young adult thymus and the other in lymph nodes. For optimum synergy, both populations must be allogeneic to the stimulator cells. Pretreatment of either population with mitomycin-C abolished synergy. Anti-θ serum abolished both MLR responding and synergizing activities of lymphoid cells. The two thymus-dependent subpopulations were both present in the spleen, and displayed different migratory patterns when injected into irradiated mice: one population went to spleens of the irradiated mice, the other to lymph nodes. The effects of anti-thymocyte serum on the MLR and upon synergy were assessed. While minor differences exist and are herein described, our overall results strongly suggest that in our experiments with synergy in MLR, we may be dealing with the same T1- and T2-cell subpopulations described by Cantor and Asofsky and coworkers (1, 2, 4, 5, 14) as displaying synergy in the graft-vs.-host reaction.

scholarly journals CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION IN THE THYMUS

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Colley ◽  
A. Y. Shih Wu ◽  
B. H. Waksman
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Lymph Node Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Cell Subpopulations

Young adult rat thymus and lymph node cell subpopulations were obtained by differential flotation on discontinuous BSA density gradients and assayed for properties characteristic of mature thymus-derived lymphocytes. One such subpopulation (C) of thymocytes was enriched in its ability to respond mitotically to a hemiallogeneic MLR stimulus, to localize in the parenchyma of lymph nodes and spleen, and to initiate a GVH reaction in a suitable host. These cells did not respond well to mitotic stimulation by PHA, they were lighter in density than the majority of mature lymph node thymus-derived lymphocytes, and they possessed a thymus-specific antigen (RTA) not present on peripheral lymphoid cells. We conclude that the acquisition of peripheral properties occurs sequentially, during an intrathymic differentiation cycle or shortly after the cells leave the thymus.

scholarly journals Expression of tenascin in developing and adult mouse lymphoid organs.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Ocklind ◽  
J Talts ◽  
R Fässler ◽  
A Mattsson ◽  
P Ekblom
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Northern Blot ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Differential Splicing ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Adult Thymus ◽  
Short Splice Variant

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential in regulating many cell functions in non-lymphoid cells, and the ECM may also play a role in the function of the immune system. Tenascin is a hexameric glycoprotein of the ECM. In mouse, two major polypeptides of MW 210 KD and 260 KD are formed by differential splicing. Northern blot screening of various mouse tissues showed that the short 6 KB tenascin message was strongly expressed in the adult thymus, whereas very little or no tenascin mRNA could be detected in spleen. In addition, immunoblotting and histological analysis with monoclonal anti-tenascin antibodies revealed the presence of tenascin in lymph nodes and spleen. In thymus, only a short-splice variant of tenascin was detected by immunoblotting, which supported the Northern blot results. Immunohistology showed that the epithelial reticular stroma in both embryonic and adult mouse thymus expressed tenascin, as did the postnatal mesenchymal reticular stroma in lymph nodes and spleen. The distribution of tenascin in the thymus was more restricted than that of fibronectin and laminin.

scholarly journals Brief Report: Graft-Versus-Host Reaction in F1 Hybrid Mice Injected with Pre-Immunized Parental Thymus Cells

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIANO FIORE-DONATI ◽  
LUIGI CHIECO-BIANCHI ◽  
GIUSEPPE DE BENEDICTIS ◽  
GIUSEPPE TRIDENTE
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Graft Versus Host Reaction ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Immunologic Activity ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
Hybrid Mice

Abstract Dissociated thymus cells are capable of initiating graft-versus-host reaction in (C3Hf/Gs x DBA/2)F1 hybrids only when derived from parental donors previously sensitized against the antigens of the other parental strain. The lower immunologic activity of thymus cells as compared with other lymphoid cells is presumably due to quantitative rather than qualitative differences in immunologically competent cells.

scholarly journals Contesting “Conversion” and “Reversion” among Young Adult Asian American Buddhists

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Chenxing Han
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One

This paper engages the perspectives of thirty young adult Asian American Buddhists (YAAABs) raised in non-Buddhist households. Grounded in semi-structured, one-on-one in-person and email interviews, my research reveals the family tensions and challenges of belonging faced by a group straddling multiple religious and cultural worlds. These young adults articulate their alienation from both predominantly white and predominantly Asian Buddhist communities in America. On the one hand, they express ambivalence over adopting the label of “convert” because of its Christian connotations as well as its associations with whiteness in the American Buddhist context. On the other hand, they lack the familiarity with Asian Buddhist cultures experienced by second- or multi-generation YAAABs who grew up in Buddhist families. In their nuanced responses to arguments that (1) American convert Buddhism is a non-Asian phenomenon, and (2) Asians in the West can only “revert” to Buddhism, these young adults assert the plurality and hybridity of their lived experiences as representative of all American Buddhists, rather than incidental characteristics of a fringe group within a white-dominated category.

EMPATHY AND REPRESSION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-801
Author(s):  
Kenneth Vaux
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Malnourished Child ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Today's physician and scientist, indeed any human, faced with a malnourished child or a young adult dying from leukemia cannot accept [a] verdict of resignation . . . Consider the following: the delicate decisions requiring a balancing of needs against limited resources, decisions of triage and priority; decisions to impede, accelerate or merely attend a patient in the dying process. In these cases the ability to understand the conflicting values of hope and resignation is necessary to avoid two unfortunate responses. On the one hand there is empathy that can foster debilitating guilt; the biologist Gilbert Hardin has pointed up in recent papers the destructiveness of thoughtless benevolence. On the other hand there is that systematic repression that slowly renders one an automation without conscience. Those forced to render decisions in medicine must delicately transact the tension between hope and resignation.

scholarly journals INVASION AND DESTRUCTION OF HOMOLOGOUS KIDNEY BY LOCALLY INOCULATED LYMPHOID CELLS

1964 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Elkins
Keyword(s):  
Parental Strain ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Renal Capsule ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Homologous Tissue

When lymphoid cell suspensions from the spleen, lymph nodes, blood, and thoracic duct of parental strain adult rats were injected beneath the renal capsule of F1 hybrid hosts, the transferred cells and/or their progeny invaded the underlying renal cortex and destroyed most of the tubules which they surrounded. The immunogenetic conditions under which this reaction was observed defined it as a graft vs. host reaction (GVHR). On the 7th day the GVHRs were histologically similar to primary renal homografts undergoing rejection. Lymphoid cells from donors tolerant to the other parental strain were inactive after transfer to the hybrid, whereas cells from either normal or sensitized donors consistently produced reactions of about equal severity. Lewis lymphoma cells displayed malignant, invasive activity but did not destroy either isologous or homologous tissue, showing that the presence of an infiltrate was not per se sufficient to damage the parenchyma. These observations indicate that the GVHRs were manifestations of the ability of the transferred lymphocytes to enter into a homograft reaction with consequent destruction of renal parenchyma, and support the hypothesis that at least some of the lymphocytes which are seen infiltrating primary homografts are the agents which effect their destruction.

scholarly journals Writing when Young: Bart Moeyaert as a Young Adult Author

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. BB65-BB83
Author(s):  
Vanessa Joosen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Young Audiences ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Inherent Part

Duet met valse noten (1983) started as a diary when Bart Moeyaert was twelve years old. After it was disclosed by an older brother, Moeyaert rewrote it during his teenage years as a novel about first love. This article studies the genesis and early reception of Moeyaert’s novel to reflect on young authors who fictionalize real-life experiences and desires. On the one hand, they are credited for being experts on youth and said to have a particular appeal to young audiences for that reason. On the other hand, when texts by young authors are published, they are often edited and mediated by adult professionals. For some scholars, such adult intervention compromises the authenticity of the young author’s voice, while others argue that having your work revised is an inherent part of being published. The genesis of Duet met valse noten displays a complex interaction involving several actors, including young voices. The deletion of controversial passages (a toilet scene, the longing for cigarettes and sexual scenes) illustrates this complexity: the decision to adapt them was only in part governed by adults, and while the young Moeyaert was dissatisfied with some revisions, they also contributed to his aesthetics as a poetic rather than explicit writer.

Interrelationships of myeloid and lymphoid cells: studies with chromosome-marked cells transfused into lethally irradiated mice

1966 ◽  
Vol 165 (998) ◽  
pp. 78-102 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Derived Cells ◽  
One Year ◽  
Adult Thymus

Lethally irradiated CBA mice were injected with a mixture of two cell suspensions, syngeneic with each other and with the host, but distinguished by the presence of either one or two T6 marker chromosomes. One of the cell suspensions was derived from adult bone marrow (10 5 cells), the other from adult thymus or pooled lymph nodes or thoracic duct lymph (10 7 cells). The recipients were killed between one day and one year after irradiation, having been injected 1 ½ h previously with Colcemid. Their bone marrow, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes were studied cytologically, and counts were made of the numbers of mitotic cells derived from the two donor cell suspensions and from the irradiated host. Bone marrow, spleen and thymus were all recolonized predominantly or exclusively by descendants of injected bone marrow cells. Descendants of injected lymphoid cells were seen in substantial numbers only in the lymph nodes, where they formed the majority of the total dividing cells between 1 and 3 weeks after irradiation. After that the proportion of such cells in the lymph nodes decreased gradually, in favour of bone marrow-derived cells, but they did not disappear completely. Lymphoid cells were equally unsuccessful at recolonizing the myeloid and thymic tissues of mice given a high sublethal dose of irradiation (800 rad) without bone marrow therapy. The normality of the repopulated lymph nodes and thymus was verified histologically and by two functional tests involving the capacity of cells rapidly to recolonize the lymph nodes or form macroscopic haematopoietic nodules in the spleen of further lethally irradiated mice. A small and decreasing amount of haematopoiesis was found in the lymph nodes during the first 2 months after irradiation, but not in the thymus.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

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