Interrelationships of myeloid and lymphoid cells: studies with chromosome-marked cells transfused into lethally irradiated mice

1966 ◽  
Vol 165 (998) ◽  
pp. 78-102 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Derived Cells ◽  
One Year ◽  
Adult Thymus

Lethally irradiated CBA mice were injected with a mixture of two cell suspensions, syngeneic with each other and with the host, but distinguished by the presence of either one or two T6 marker chromosomes. One of the cell suspensions was derived from adult bone marrow (10 5 cells), the other from adult thymus or pooled lymph nodes or thoracic duct lymph (10 7 cells). The recipients were killed between one day and one year after irradiation, having been injected 1 ½ h previously with Colcemid. Their bone marrow, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes were studied cytologically, and counts were made of the numbers of mitotic cells derived from the two donor cell suspensions and from the irradiated host. Bone marrow, spleen and thymus were all recolonized predominantly or exclusively by descendants of injected bone marrow cells. Descendants of injected lymphoid cells were seen in substantial numbers only in the lymph nodes, where they formed the majority of the total dividing cells between 1 and 3 weeks after irradiation. After that the proportion of such cells in the lymph nodes decreased gradually, in favour of bone marrow-derived cells, but they did not disappear completely. Lymphoid cells were equally unsuccessful at recolonizing the myeloid and thymic tissues of mice given a high sublethal dose of irradiation (800 rad) without bone marrow therapy. The normality of the repopulated lymph nodes and thymus was verified histologically and by two functional tests involving the capacity of cells rapidly to recolonize the lymph nodes or form macroscopic haematopoietic nodules in the spleen of further lethally irradiated mice. A small and decreasing amount of haematopoiesis was found in the lymph nodes during the first 2 months after irradiation, but not in the thymus.

scholarly journals Expression of tenascin in developing and adult mouse lymphoid organs.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Ocklind ◽  
J Talts ◽  
R Fässler ◽  
A Mattsson ◽  
P Ekblom
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Northern Blot ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Differential Splicing ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Adult Thymus ◽  
Short Splice Variant

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential in regulating many cell functions in non-lymphoid cells, and the ECM may also play a role in the function of the immune system. Tenascin is a hexameric glycoprotein of the ECM. In mouse, two major polypeptides of MW 210 KD and 260 KD are formed by differential splicing. Northern blot screening of various mouse tissues showed that the short 6 KB tenascin message was strongly expressed in the adult thymus, whereas very little or no tenascin mRNA could be detected in spleen. In addition, immunoblotting and histological analysis with monoclonal anti-tenascin antibodies revealed the presence of tenascin in lymph nodes and spleen. In thymus, only a short-splice variant of tenascin was detected by immunoblotting, which supported the Northern blot results. Immunohistology showed that the epithelial reticular stroma in both embryonic and adult mouse thymus expressed tenascin, as did the postnatal mesenchymal reticular stroma in lymph nodes and spleen. The distribution of tenascin in the thymus was more restricted than that of fibronectin and laminin.

scholarly journals Atypical hodgkin and reed-sternberg cells in peripheral blood of a patient with advanced stage of Hodgkin's disease - a case report

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 400-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajko Milosevic ◽  
Milica Colovic ◽  
Vesna Cemerikic-Martinovic ◽  
Natasa Colovic ◽  
Marina Bogunovic
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Neck Lymph Nodes

The occurrence of abnormal Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells in the peripheral blood in a patient suffering from Hodgkin's disease has been noticed exceptionally rare in a previous period, and especially rare in last ten years primarily due to successfull treatment of this disease. The presence of atypical mononuclear cells in peripheral blood which cytomorphologically resembled Reed-Sternberg cells was registered in 8 patients till 1966. During the last decade, the presence of atypical mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood was used for their isolation cultivation, and detailed immunophenotypic and genetic analysis. The analysis of mononuclear cells in rare patients with Hodgkin's disease was established that they belong to the B-lymphoid cells with expression of CD30 and CD15 antigens. The examination of presence of Hodgkin's cells in the peripheral blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease is important for patients with advanced stage of the disease in which autologous stem cell transplantation and high dose chmeotherapy is planned. The authors present a 33-year-old patient, who noticed enlarged neck lymph nodes in September 2000, high temperature and loss in weight. On physical examination enlarged neck lymph nodes 5x8 cm and hepatosplenomegaly were found. There was anemia and thrombo-cytopenia, and normal WBC count with 24% of lymphoid elements in differential formula. On histologic examination of lymph nodes Hodgkin?s disease, type nodular sclerosis with mixed cellularity was found. Histology of bone marrow showed nodal lymphomatous infiltration. Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies of concentrate of peripheral blood cells showed expression of CD30+ and CD15+, immunophenotypically and morphologically matching Reed-Sternberg cells. Cytogentic analysis of mononuclear cells of the bone marrow showed normal karyotype. The patient was in clinical stage IV/V of the disease and chemotherapy with 9 cycles of ABVD+Mp protocol was applied. He is still in remission.

scholarly journals Migration of Long-lived Lymphocytes to the Bone Marrow and to Other Lymphomyeloid Tissues in Normal Parabiotic Guinea Pigs

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Rosse
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Long Life ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Guinea pigs, in which cells with long life span were selectively labeled (3H-thymidine), were joined in parabiosis to nonlabeled syngeneic litter mates at a time when label reutilization detectable by radioautography could be excluded. The distribution of labeled cells was investigated quantitatively using radioautography and liquid scintillation counting in the marrow and blood at the time of establishment of parabiosis and again at its termination 2 wk later, when the thoracic duct lymph, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus were also examined. Single animals labeled in the same manner served as controls. Of all cells with a slow rate of turnover and long life span, only small lymphocytes entered the circulation and crossed the anastomosis in detectable numbers. As indicated by the similar percentages of labeling in respective tissues, a complete intermixing of long-lived lymphocytes occurred in the bone marrow, lymph, lymph nodes, and spleen of the parabionts. The sum of the per cent labeled lymphocytes in two parabionts was in agreement with the extent of labeling in respective tissues of single controls. The presence of a minor population of lymphocytes with a long life span was confirmed in the marrow. Ten to 30 times as many labeled long-lived lymphocytes migrated into the bone marrow of initially unlabeled animals as were found in an equal volume of blood. The majority, if not all long-lived lymphocytes migrate to the marrow from the blood, and they also reenter the blood. They have a similar life span and in parabionts equilibrate in a similar manner as recirculating long-lived lymphocytes.

An In Vitro Model of Proliferating CLL Cells for Drug Sensitivity Analysis.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2956-2956
Author(s):  
K. Ganeshaguru ◽  
N. I. Folarin ◽  
R. J. Baker ◽  
A. M. Casanova ◽  
A. Bhimjiyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Survivin Expression ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with a variable clinical course. The disease is characterised by the proliferation in the bone marrow and lymph node of a clonal population of CD5+ve cells that accumulates in the peripheral blood. Therefore, the characteristics of the proliferative compartment are important in determining the kinetics of disease progression in CLL and the sensitivity of the malignant cells to cytotoxic drugs. However, laboratory studies on drug sensitivity of CLL have been performed exclusively on resting circulating peripheral blood cells since it is not feasible to obtain cells from the proliferating pool in sufficient numbers for in vitro analysis. CLL cells can be stimulated to proliferate in vitro using CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) and other factors. The aim of the present study was to generate and validate an in vitro model using malignant cells from the peripheral blood of patients with CLL. The expression pattern of proteins eg., survivin in this model should mimic that in proliferating CLL cells in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Survivin is a member of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins with an additional role in cell cycle progression. Survivin has been shown to be expressed in proliferating bone marrow and lymphoid cells. Cells from patients with CLL were activated for 72h with a combination of ODN (1μM), IL-2 (100u/ml) and CD40L (0.5μg/ml) (ODN*). Activated cells retained their characteristic CLL immunophenotype as determined by the continued expression of CD5, CD19, CD23 and CD25 (n=5). Cell proliferation was confirmed by increased incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA in activated cells (n=12). Novel findings in the ODN* activated CLL cells were significant increases in expression of CD38 (n=7, p=0.0001) and of T-cell zeta associated protein (ZAP-70) tyrosine kinase (n=14, p=0.0005). The increased expression of both these proteins in circulating peripheral blood CLL cells has been associated with poor prognosis. All six ODN* activated CLL isolates analysed by western blotting showed increased survivin expression with no constitutive expression in the controls. Drug sensitivity was studied in cells from eight patients using the MTT assay. Activated cells showed significantly greater resistance to chlorambucil (median IC50=164.4±28.18μM) compared to control cells (median IC50=93.63±14.96μM, p=0.044). Figure 1 shows representative IC50 curves. The increased resistance of the activated cells to chlorambucil may be a consequence of the upregulation of survivin. In summary, the in vitro model replicates several key features of authentic proliferating CLL cells found in bone marrow and lymph nodes. It also shows increased resistance to the conventional drug chlorambucil. This model may be of value in evaluating novel drugs and drug combinations which may be more effective in killing the proliferating population that maintain the malignant cell population in CLL. Figure Figure

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF A HEMOLYSIN RESPONSE IN VITRO

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ulrich Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Derived Cells ◽  
Thymus Cells

The immune response to foreign erythrocytes was studied in vitro. Two subpopulations of cells were prepared. One was a population of bone marrow-derived spleen cells, taken from thymectomized, irradiated, and bone marrow-reconstituted mice; there was evidence that most of the precursors of the PFC had been present in this cell population, but few PFC developed in cultures of these cells alone in the presence of immunogenic erythrocytes. Another cell suspension was made from spleens of mice which had been irradiated and injected with thymus cells and erythrocytes; these cells were called educated T cells. The two cell suspensions together allow the formation of PFC in the presence of the erythrocytes which were used to educate the T cells, but not in the presence of noncross-reacting erythrocytes. If bone marrow-derived cells and T cells were kept in culture together with two different species of erythrocytes, and if one of the erythrocytes had been used to educate the T cells, then PFC against each of the erythrocytes could be detected.

scholarly journals The extent of clonal structure in different lymphoid organs.

1992 ◽  
Vol 175 (5) ◽  
pp. 1255-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Hermans ◽  
A Wubbena ◽  
F G Kroese ◽  
S V Hunt ◽  
R Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Donor Cells

To gain insight into the clonal organization of lymphoid organs, we studied the distribution in situ of donor-derived cells in near-physiological chimeras. We introduced RT7b fetal liver cells into nonirradiated congenic RT7a neonatal rats. The chimerism 6-20 wk after injection ranged from 0.3 to 20%. The numbers of cell clones simultaneously contributing to cell generation in a particular histological feature were deduced from the variance in donor cell distribution. In bone marrow and thymus, donor-derived lymphoid cells were found scattered among host cells, indicating a high mobility of cells. In bone marrow, donor cells were evenly distributed over the entire marrow, even at low chimerism. This indicates that leukopoiesis is maintained by the proliferation of many clones. In the thymus, the various lobules showed different quantities of donor-derived lymphoid cells. Mathematical analysis of these differences indicated that 17-18 cell division cycles occur in the cortex. In spleen, the distribution of donor-derived cells over the germinal centers indicated that 5 d after antigenic stimulation, germinal centers develop oligoclonally. The main conclusions of this work are that (a) bone marrow and thymus are highly polyclonal; (b) 17-18 divisions occur between prothymocyte and mature T cell; and (c) lymphoid cells disperse rapidly while proliferating and differentiating.

scholarly journals Donor Bone Marrow Derived Macrophage Engraftment into the Central Nervous System of Allogeneic Transplant Patients

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 645-645
Author(s):  
Anisha M Loeb ◽  
Siobhan S. Pattwell ◽  
Antonio Bedalov ◽  
Soheil Meshinchi ◽  
Keith R. Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Donor Bone Marrow ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Derived Cells

Abstract Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has had a major impact on the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Recent studies have shown the role HSCT can have in gene therapy by providing long-lived genetically modified cells to treat a variety of human diseases. It is well known that HSC and bone marrow-derived cells can differentiate into long-lived tissue macrophages and populate a wide spectrum of tissues including the brain. These cells are termed bone marrow derived macrophages and are akin to microglial cells in both morphology and function. There is an expanding literature of preclinical animal studies focused on the potential benefits of bone marrow derived-macrophage engraftment into the central nervous system (CNS). In this study we report the detection and characterization of donor bone marrow-derived macrophages in the cerebral cortex of allogeneic transplant patients. Methods: To determine the frequency of donor cell engraftment in post-transplant patients, we selected a cohort of 20 patients who had undergone a sex-mismatched transplant. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded cerebral cortex samples were obtained from the Fred Hutch tissue repository. Samples from male and female autologous transplants were used as controls. Tissue sections were stained by XY fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify male and female cells. The XY FISH-stained slides were imaged at 40X magnification on a TissueFAX system. Scanned images were analyzed in blinded fashion using TissueQuest software. Male donor cells were defined by the presence of the Y chromosome within DAPI stained nuclei. Parameters were established using a small area and then applied to a larger area covering 10,000-15,000 cells. Identified donors were confirmed by manual inspection. Adjacent sections were used in Iba1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies to quantify the microglia/macrophage population. Select cases were used in double fluorescent Iba1 IHC (tyramide signal amplification)/XY-FISH studies to identify the donor cell type. Results: Intraparenchymal donor bone marrow derived cells were identified in all cerebral cortex sex mismatched samples. To determine the identity of donor cells, select cases were stained with fluorescent tyramide based Iba1 IHC, imaged, stained with XY FISH and re-imaged. The majority of donor cells (>80%) showed strong expression of Iba1, confirming them to be bone marrow-derived macrophages. In parallel Iba1 IHC studies we showed that microglial cells constitute ~12% of the scanned cell population. Thus, when computed as a percentage of the macrophage/microglial population, donor cells from myeloablative transplants range from 4.2-25%. The bone marrow derived cells are stable over time since length of the post-transplant period did not have a major impact on the number of donor cells. Prior animal studies have demonstrated the importance of conditioning (total body irradiation (TBI) or Busulfan) in providing access to the CNS and stimulating engraftment. Consistently, we found that the strength of the conditioning regimen had a significant impact on donor cell engraftment into the CNS. Donor cells in myeloablative cases (>1,000cGy) averaged 8.0% (4.2-14.9%) of microglial cells, while those in non-myeloablative cases (<300cGy) averaged 1.3% (1.2-1.3%). In agreement with preclinical studies, we also noted that myeloablative cases from Busulfan or Treosulfan based conditioning had similar levels of donor-derived cells as cases with TBI myeloablative conditioning, averaging 6.6% (4.4-8.3%) of microglial cells. Although only a limited number of samples were available for analysis, the highest level of donor engraftment was observed in patients who had received 2 separate transplants; on average they comprised 16.3% (12.2-25.1%) of microglial cells. Conclusion: This, the largest study of bone marrow-derived macrophages in post-transplant patients, shows that donor derived cells from myeloablative transplants account for 4.1-25.1% of microglial cells. Donor engraftment is highest following myeloablative conditioning or in patients receiving multiple transplants, and lowest in non-myeloablative cases. Our studies document the magnitude of donor-derived macrophages in the CNS following a bone marrow transplant and serve as a basis for future gene therapy studies targeting neurodegenerative disorders. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals SYNERGY AMONG RESPONDING LYMPHOID CELLS IN THE ONE-WAY MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION

1974 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1488-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Tittor ◽  
Maria Gerbase-Delima ◽  
Roy L. Walford
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Cell Subpopulations ◽  
The One ◽  
Adult Thymus

The present studies have shown that two subpopulations of thymus-dependent lymphocytes may act synergistically in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in the mouse. One subpopulation was well represented in the young adult thymus and the other in lymph nodes. For optimum synergy, both populations must be allogeneic to the stimulator cells. Pretreatment of either population with mitomycin-C abolished synergy. Anti-θ serum abolished both MLR responding and synergizing activities of lymphoid cells. The two thymus-dependent subpopulations were both present in the spleen, and displayed different migratory patterns when injected into irradiated mice: one population went to spleens of the irradiated mice, the other to lymph nodes. The effects of anti-thymocyte serum on the MLR and upon synergy were assessed. While minor differences exist and are herein described, our overall results strongly suggest that in our experiments with synergy in MLR, we may be dealing with the same T1- and T2-cell subpopulations described by Cantor and Asofsky and coworkers (1, 2, 4, 5, 14) as displaying synergy in the graft-vs.-host reaction.

c-Myc Amplification in Non Hodgkin’s-Lymphomas with Burkitt-Like Features Is Associated with a Poor Prognosis.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3266-3266
Author(s):  
Hossein Mossafa ◽  
Diane Damotte ◽  
Anne Vincenneau ◽  
Isabelle Amouroux ◽  
Nareth Athken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Abstract We retrospectively studied 15 newly diagnosed patients presenting with NHL and Burkitt-like cells (BLCs) after morphological examination and histology review (lymph-nodes: 7 cases, peripheral blood: 5 cases, bone marrow: 3 cases and spleen: 1 patient). Conventional cytogenetic analyses were performed at diagnosis on lymph nodes biopsies (n=6), peripheral blood lymphocytes (n=4), bone marrow (n=4) or spleen (n=1). FISH studies used commercially available probes: IGH/c-MYC fusion signals probes, IGH/Bcl-1 fusion signals probes, IGH/Bcl-2 fusion signals probes and c-Myc 8q24 probe to detect t(8;14)(q24;q32), t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(14;18)((q32;q21) and c-Myc amplification, respectively. Morphological examination and/or histology showed BLCs in all patients. Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL) is a highly proliferative lymphoma that morphologically resembles Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) but has more polymorph and pleiomorph cells or large lymphoid cells than BL. The mean percentage of Ki-67 positive cells was 80% (range, 70–100%). A normal karyotype was present in 3 cases and a complex karyotype was observed in 12 cases (80%). When combining conventional cytogenetic studies and FISH studies, t(8;14) or the variants t(2;8) or t(8;22) were never detected. In contrast t(11;14)(q13;q32) was found in 4 cases and t(14;18) in 6 cases. Interestingly, c-Myc amplification was observed in all cases with 3 to more than 9 copies in 10–77% metaphase or interphase cells. The diagnosis of follicular lymphoma (FL) was confirmed by a CD5− and CD10− immunologic profile, typical t(14;18) in 4/6 cases and IgH/Bcl-2 fusion gene in all cases. Four cases were classified as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with a blastoid variant: MCL diagnosis was established by lymph-node biopsy in 1 case, CD5+ and CD23+ expression in 3/4 cases and 2/4 cases respectively, typical t(11;14)(q13;q32) in 3 cases, complex caryotype including 11 and 14 chromosomal abnormalities in 1 case and IgH/Bcl-1 fusion gene in all cases. Two patients had marginal MZL with a CD5− and CD10− profile and a complex caryotype including +3 and +18. Two patients presented a DLBCL (CD19+, CD20+) with BLCs and one case was classified as T-NHL (CD2+, CD4+, T-cell receptor gene rearrangements) in leukemic phase with BLCs. All these 15 patients have a poor prognosis with a death occurring in 6 patients during the first month after diagnosis. The presence of BLCs was observed independently of the type of lymphomas, FL, MCL or MZL. c-MYC amplification was associated with BLCs and progressive disease. In conclusion, we identified a new subgroup of patients with NHL (14 B-NHL, 1 T-NHL) and a profile including a poor prognosis, Burkitt-like features at presentation without t(8;14)(q24;q32) or its variants and Myc amplification in all cases.

scholarly journals PROLIFERATION OF DONOR MARROW AND THYMUS CELLS IN THE MYELOID AND LYMPHOID ORGANS OF IRRADIATED SYNGENEIC HOST MICE

1973 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akikazu Takada ◽  
Yumiko Takada
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Bone ◽  
Donor Type ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells

CBA/HT6T6 bone marrow cells (1 x 107) or CBA/H bone marrow cells (1 x 107) plus CBA/HT6T6 thymus cells (5 x 107) were injected intravenously into lethally (800 R) irradiated CBA/H mice. Chromosome analyses of dividing cells in the host lymphoid and myeloid organs were performed at intervals after irradiation. Donor marrow cells settled and proliferated in the host bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes soon after injection, but donor marrow cells did not proliferate in the host thymus until day 10; then host-type cells were quickly replaced by donor-type cells in the thymus by day 20. On the other hand, donor thymus cells settled and proliferated in the host thymus and lymph nodes soon after injection but they gradually disappeared from these organs. On day 20, a few donor-type dividing cells (of thymus origin) were found in the host lymphoid and myeloid organs.

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