scholarly journals Immune cell populations in cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity.

1983 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Platt ◽  
B W Grant ◽  
A A Eddy ◽  
A F Michael
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
T Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Cutaneous Response ◽  
Leu 7

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is a prototypic T lymphocyte-mediated response to antigenic challenge. In this study, mononuclear cells infiltrating the skin during cutaneous response to tuberculin in presensitized human subjects (responders) and nonimmune controls were identified using monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. In both responders and controls the infiltrate consisted mainly of T lymphocytes (T11+ and OKT3+) and monocytes (OKM1+, 63D3+, Mo2+) which initially accumulated in proximity to small blood vessels and later infiltrated the interstitial dermis and epidermis. More T lymphocytes reacted with OKT4 than with OKT8. 6 h after tuberculin the ratio of OKT4/OKT8 in tissue from responders exceeded that in blood, whereas in tissues studied at 15-48 h and in all control tissues those ratios in blood and tissue were similar. Evidence of T lymphocyte activation was sought using monoclonal antibodies anti-Tac, OKT9, and OKT10. In responders but not in controls the proportion of infiltrating cells reactive with these antibodies increased during the course of DTH. The presence of activated T lymphocytes in tissue was not associated with a comparable increase in peripheral blood cell populations identified by anti-Tac and OKT10. Studies using anti-B1, Leu-7, and anti-IgD/IgM revealed comparatively few reactive cells. Dual-labeling studies demonstrated that most Leu-7--reactive cells also bound T11 while fewer bound OKM1 or OKT8 and that cells reactive with OKIa1 and T11 constituted largely nonoverlapping populations. Specific patterns of reactivity were not observed when tissues were stained with anti-human C3, or poly C9-MA, a monoclonal antibody reactive with a neoantigen on polymerized C9 of the membrane attack complex of complement. The number of epidermal Langerhans cells identified by OKT6 was similar in responders and controls. Thus, the cutaneous response to tuberculin in sensitized individuals is characterized by early enrichment of the OKT4 subpopulation of T lymphocytes in tissue infiltrates and subsequent (15-48 h) evidence of T lymphocyte activation.

scholarly journals Increased Frequency of Regulatory T Cells and T Lymphocyte Activation in Persons with Previously Treated Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre S. de Almeida ◽  
Christina T. Fiske ◽  
Timothy R. Sterling ◽  
Spyros A. Kalams
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treg Cell ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
T Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Previously Treated

ABSTRACTExtrapulmonary tuberculosis may be due to underlying immune compromise. Immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg cells), and CD4+T lymphocytes in general, are important in the host immune response toMycobacterium tuberculosis. We evaluated T lymphocytes from patients after recovery from extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which may reflect conditions beforeM. tuberculosisinfection. A case-control study was conducted among HIV-uninfected adults with previously treated extrapulmonary tuberculosis and 3 sets of controls: (i) subjects with previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis, (ii) close tuberculosis contacts withM. tuberculosisinfection, and (iii) close tuberculosis contacts with no infection. Monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC-M) were stained for CD4+CD25hiCD127lowFoxP3+cell (Treg cell) and T lymphocyte activation. Both characteristics were compared as continuous variables between groups with the Kruskal-Wallis test. There were 7 extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases, 18 pulmonary tuberculosis controls, 17 controls withM. tuberculosisinfection, and 18 controls withoutM. tuberculosisinfection. The median Treg cell proportion was highest among persons with previous extrapulmonary tuberculosis (1.23%) compared to subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis (0.56%), latentM. tuberculosisinfection (0.14%), or noM. tuberculosisinfection (0.20%) (P= 0.001). The median proportion of CD4+T lymphocytes that expressed the activation markers HLA-DR and CD38 was highest for CD4+T lymphocytes from persons with previous extrapulmonary tuberculosis (0.79%) compared to subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis (0.44%), latentM. tuberculosisinfection (0.14%), or noM. tuberculosisinfection (0.32%) (P= 0.005). Compared with controls, persons with previously treated extrapulmonary tuberculosis had the highest Treg cell frequency, but also the highest levels of CD4+T lymphocyte activation. Immune dysregulation may be a feature of individuals at risk for extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Bovine Immune Response to Inoculation with Neospora caninum Surface Antigen SRS2 Lipopeptides Mimics Immune Response to Infection with Live Parasites

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy V. Baszler ◽  
Varda Shkap ◽  
Waithaka Mwangi ◽  
Christopher J. Davies ◽  
Bruce A. Mathison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
T Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
T Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Infection of cattle with Neospora caninum protozoa, the causative agent of bovine protozoal abortion, results in robust cellular and humoral immune responses, particularly CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion. In the present study, N. caninum SRS2 (NcSRS2) T-lymphocyte-epitope-bearing subunits were incorporated into DNA and peptide preparations to assess CD4+ cell proliferation and IFN-γ T-lymphocyte-secretion immune responses in cattle with predetermined major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotypes. In order to optimize dendritic-cell processing, NcSRS2 DNA vaccine was delivered with granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and Flt3 ligand adjuvant. The synthesized NcSRS2 peptides were coupled with a palmitic acid molecule (lipopeptide) and delivered with Freund's adjuvant. Cattle vaccinated with NcSRS2 DNA vaccine alone did not induce T-lymphocyte activation or IFN-γ secretion, whereas subsequent booster inoculation with NcSRS2-lipopeptides induced robust NcSRS2-specific immune responses. Compared to the response in control animals, NcSRS2-lipopeptide-immunized cattle had significantly increased NcSRS2-specific T-lymphocyte proliferation, numbers of IFN-γ-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a antibody levels. The findings show that N. caninum NcSRS2 subunits bearing T-lymphocyte epitopes induced cell-mediated immune responses similar to the protective immune responses previously described against live parasite infection, namely T-lymphocyte activation and IFN-γ secretion. The findings support the investigation of NcSRS2 immunogens for protection against N. caninum-induced fetal infection and abortion in cattle.

scholarly journals Hydrogen peroxide promotes the activation of preeclampsia peripheral T cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhu Lv ◽  
Xiaojie Zhang ◽  
Caizhi Wang ◽  
Hongtao Wang ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
High Oxidative Stress

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder with a high mortality rate. Patients with PE exhibit systemic high oxidative stress status and inflammatory immune activation. This study aims to define the role of H2O2 in the activation of neutrophils and T lymphocytes in PE patients. CD3+/HLA-DR+ cells in blood from PE patients are remarkably increased compared with those of normal non-pregnancies or normal pregnancies, while the percentage of CD3+/CD62L+ cells is significantly reduced in PE patients compared to normal pregnancies. Furthermore, CD62L levels in granulocytes of periphery blood of PE patients are significantly higher than non-pregnancies, but significantly lower than normal pregnancies. To characterize the effects of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) on T lymphocyte activation in PE patients, PBMCs from normal pregnancies were challenged with H2O2, and intracellular ROS levels in neutrophil granulocytes, as well as T cell surface marker levels, have been determined. We confirm that H2O2 exposure increases intracellular ROS levels in neutrophil granulocytes, and increases the proportion of CD3+/HLA-DR+ cells, but does not alter the percentage of CD3+/CD62L+ cells in PBMCs. Our study has confirmed dysregulated CD3+/HLA-DR+ and CD3+/CD62L+ T lymphocytes in PE patient peripheral blood, and the dysregulative effects of H2O2 on T lymphocyte activation, suggesting a novel mechanism of immune activation in PE.

Effect of dexamethasone on expression of adhesion molecules on CD4+ lymphocytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. L79-L84
Author(s):  
J. M. Hughes ◽  
W. A. Sewell ◽  
J. L. Black ◽  
C. L. Armour
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Cell Surface Expression ◽  
Cell Surface Markers ◽  
T Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Beta 1 Integrin ◽  
Memory T Lymphocytes

Despite the widespread use of corticosteroids in asthma therapy, little is known of the effects of corticosteroids on cell surface markers involved in T lymphocyte activation and adhesion. We used flow cytometry to analyze the effects of 1, 10, and 100 nM dexamethasone on expression of markers on resting and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes. Expression of the leukocyte common antigen CD45 was significantly (P = 0.016, n = 3) increased from an average mean fluorescence intensity of 215.8 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 100.5, 463.5] on cells from unstimulated cultures to 334.2 (CI: 167.9, 663.7) on cells from PHA-stimulated cultures after 70-h incubation. At the same time, the percentage of cells also expressing the CD45RO isoform, a marker of memory T lymphocytes, increased significantly (P = 0.0006, n = 3) from 54.4 +/- 1.3% (unstimulated) to 92.8 +/- 0.6% (stimulated). Dexamethasone had no significant effect on expression of CD45 or CD45RO, including the observed changes. Dexamethasone also did not affect expression of the beta 1-integrin VLA-4. These results suggest that corticosteroids do not modulate the cell surface expression of these molecules involved in CD4+ T lymphocyte activation, adhesion, and recirculation.

scholarly journals c-myb protein expression is a late event during T-lymphocyte activation.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3358-3360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Lipsick ◽  
W J Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Human T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Late Event ◽  
Myb Protein

The expression of p80c-myb was examined during the activation of resting human T lymphocytes. Before activation, no detectable p80c-myb was present. Synthesis of p80c-myb was observed only after initiation of the S phase of the cell cycle.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Activation Markers and Selectins on Peripheral T Lymphocytes in Preeclampsia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bajnok ◽  
Maria Ivanova ◽  
János Rigó ◽  
Gergely Toldi
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Cell Surface Expression ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
T Lymphocyte Activation

Introduction. Impaired maternal immune tolerance resulting in systemic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Phenotypical changes of monocytes and neutrophil granulocytes have already been studied in preeclampsia, and some studies also included T lymphocyte activation markers; however, the results are controversial and a comprehensive analysis of activation markers is lacking. The characteristics of cellular adhesion molecules in preeclampsia are yet to be described.Material and Methods. Peripheral blood samples of 18 preeclamptic patients and 20 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester were evaluated using flow cytometry to characterize the cell surface expression of T lymphocyte activation markers and selectins.Results. We found an elevated ratio of HLA-DR and CD122-, CD62E-, and CD62L-expressing cells among the CD4+ T lymphocytes in PE in comparison to healthy pregnancy. No alterations were found in the prevalence of CD69-, CD25-, and CD62P-expressing lymphocytes and CD11c-expressing monocytes.Conclusions. Our findings support the role of activated T lymphocytes and specific cell adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Voltage-gated potassium channels are required for human T lymphocyte activation.

1984 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
K G Chandy ◽  
T E DeCoursey ◽  
M D Cahalan ◽  
C McLaughlin ◽  
S Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
K Channels ◽  
T Lymphocyte Activation

The calcium channel blockers, verapamil and diltiazem, inhibit phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced mitogenesis at concentrations that block the T lymphocyte K channel currents. K channel blockers also inhibit the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response in a dose-dependent manner with the same potency sequence as for block of K currents. K channel blockers inhibit PHA-stimulated mitogenesis only if added during the first 20-30 h after PHA addition, but not later, indicating a requirement for functional K channels during this period. We investigated the effect of K channel blockers on various aspects of protein synthesis for two reasons: first, protein synthesis appears to be necessary for the events leading to DNA synthesis, and second, the increase in the protein synthetic rate commences during the first 24-48 h after PHA addition. PHA-induced total protein synthesis was reduced to the level in unstimulated T lymphocytes by K channel blockers in a dose-dependent manner with the same potency sequence as for the block of K currents and inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrated that although the synthesis of the majority of proteins was reduced by K channel blockers to the level in unstimulated T cells, some proteins continued to be synthesized at an enhanced rate compared with resting cells. Two proteins, S and T, detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in unstimulated T lymphocytes, appeared to be reduced in intensity in gels of PHA-treated T lymphocytes, in contrast to the increased synthesis of the remaining proteins. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), at concentrations that inhibit protein synthesis, prevented the apparent PHA-induced reduction of proteins S and T. These proteins may play a role in maintaining the T lymphocyte in a resting state and may be related to the translation inhibitory factors reported to be present at a higher specific activity in quiescent T lymphocytes than in PHA-activated T cells. The expression of the IL-2 receptor (Tac) during T lymphocyte activation was not altered by K channel blockers, whereas the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) was reduced to the level in unstimulated T lymphocytes. Exogenous IL-2 partially relieved the inhibition of mitogenesis by low, but not by high, concentrations of 4-AP. These experiments clarify the role of K channels in T lymphocyte activation and suggest that functional K channels are required either for protein synthesis or for events leading to protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Dynamics of T-Lymphocyte Activation Related to Paradoxical Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Persons With Advanced HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Tibúrcio ◽  
Beatriz Barreto-Duarte ◽  
Gopolan Naredren ◽  
Artur T. L. Queiroz ◽  
Selvaraj Anbalagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
T Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Most persons living with HIV (PLWH) experience a significant restoration of their immunity associated with successful inhibition of viral replication after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Nevertheless, with the robust quantitative and qualitative restoration of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, a fraction of patients co-infected with tuberculosis develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS), a dysregulated inflammatory response that can be associated with significant tissue damage. Several studies underscored the role of adaptive immune cells in IRIS pathogenesis, but to what degree T lymphocyte activation contributes to TB-IRIS development remains largely elusive. Here, we sought to dissect the phenotypic landscape of T lymphocyte activation in PLWH coinfected with TB inititating ART, focusing on characterization of the profiles linked to development of TB-IRIS. We confirmed previous observations demonstrating that TB-IRIS individuals display pronounced CD4+ lymphopenia prior to ART initiation. Additionally, we found an ART-induced increase in T lymphocyte activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity among TB-IRIS patients. Importantly, we demonstrate that TB-IRIS subjects display higher frequencies of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes which is not affected by ART. Moreover, These patients exhibit higher levels of activated (HLA-DR+) and profilerative (Ki-67+) CD4+ T cells after ART commencenment than their Non-IRIS counterparts. Our network analysis reveal significant negative correlations between Total CD4+ T cells counts and the frequencies of Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in our study population which could suggest the existance of compensatory mechanisms for Mtb-infected cells elimination in the face of severe CD4+ T cell lymphopenia. We also investigated the correlation between T lymphocyte activation profiles and the abundance of several inflammatory molecules in plasma. We applied unsupervised machine learning techniques to predict and diagnose TB-IRIS before and during ART. Our analyses suggest that CD4+ T cell activation markers are good TB-IRIS predictors, whereas the combination of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells markers are better at diagnosing TB-IRIS patients during IRIS events Overall, our findings contribute to a more refined understanding of immunological mechanisms in TB-IRIS pathogenesis that may assist in new diagnostic tools and more targeted patient management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document