scholarly journals The evaluation of culture media for the isolation ofl salmonellaell from faeces

1952 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Williams Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Salmonella Dublin ◽  
Laboratory Cultures ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Tissue Fluids

The sensitivity of different culture media for isolating salmonellae from the faeces of man, dog, horse, cow, sheep, pig, chicken, duck and turkey has been investigated. Suitable dilutions of tissue fluids of animals that had died from salmonella infection, and in which the numbers of viable salmonellae could be accurately estimated, had previously been added to the faecal specimens. Tissue fluids containing Salmonella dublin, typhi-murium, thompson, cholerae-suis, gallinarum and pullorum were used.Selenite and tetrathionate media were greatly superior to liquid desoxycholatecitrate medium, liquid Wilson and Blair medium, cacotheline broth and brilliant green peptone water. By the use of either selenite or tetrathionate media it was usually possible to recover salmonellae from faecal specimens to which less than ten salmonellae had been added. They could nearly always be recovered from specimens containing 100 salmonellae.Salmonellae were more easily recovered from the faeces of some species of animals than others. For selenite, the order of ease of recovery was horse, followed by sheep, human, cow, chicken, pig, turkey, dog and duck faeces, and for tetrathionate, horse, sheep, human, dog, pig, cow, turkey, chicken and duck faeces.Selenite medium was preferable to tetrathionate for examining cow and chicken faeces but the reverse was true in the case of dog faeces; slight differences only were noted in the other species. Taken as a whole, selenite was slightly superior to tetrathionate, butbest results were obtained by the use of both media.Some types of salmonellae were easier to recover from faeces than others.Of six salmonella types, Salm. thompson was easiest to recover followed by Salm. typhi-murium, dublin, gallinarum, pullorum and cholerae-suis, in that order.Erroneous results were obtained when laboratory cultures were used instead of infected tissue fluids.It was necessary to add several thousand salmonellae to faeces before they could be recovered by direct culture on desoxycholate-citrate-agar or Wilson and Blair solid medium.Salm. cholerae-suis and Salm. abortus-ovis were exceptional in that direct plating was superior to the use of enrichment media.With lightly infected specimens an incubation period of 24–30 hr. was optimum for selenite and tetrathionate media. A longer period was detrimental with tetrathionate but not with selenite medium.The combination of selenite and solid Wilson and Blair medium was sometimes too inhibitory to permit the growth of salmonellae.There was little advantage in preparing selenite medium with mannitol instead of lactose.

scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE VIABILITY OF PNEUMOCOCCI ON SOLID AND ON FLUID CULTURE MEDIA

1913 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-590
Author(s):  
L. J. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Made In ◽  
Fluid Culture

1. Pneumococci, when freshly isolated from the body, are able to live and multiply when a small number of them are inoculated into a small amount of broth. If, however, the inoculations are made in large amounts of broth, many more bacteria must be inoculated in order that they may grow. 2. It requires much smaller numbers of pneumococci to start a growth on agar than are required to start a growth in broth. 3. This predilection for solid medium disappears when the bacteria are grown for some time outside the body. 4. This phenomenon is not dependent on differences in chemical composition between the two media employed or on the presence of more available oxygen in one case than in the other. 5. It is probably dependent entirely on physical differences in the two kinds of media, and bears some relation to the differences in possibilities for diffusion in the two media.

scholarly journals The Isolation of Typhoid Bacilli from Faeces by means of Brilliant Green in Fluid Medium

1913 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Browning ◽  
W. Gilmour ◽  
T. J. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Green Is ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Peptone Water

(1) Brilliant green exerts an inhibitory effect on the growth of bacilli of the coli group commonly occuring in faeces, which is in general more marked than its action on B.typhosus and paratyphiod bacilli.(2) By taking advantage of this property of brilliant green a method has been devised is the inoculation B. typhosus from faeces. The procedure adopted is the inoculation of a series of tubes of peptone-water medium containing varying amounts of brilliant green, incubating for 20–24 hours, and then inoculation on a suitable solid medium from each tube.(3) The reason for employing a series of concentrations of brilliant green is that the optium concentration for the growth and isolation of B. typhosus varies from case to case, depending probably both on the proportion of typhoid bacilli present and on the number and character of the accompnying bacteria as well as on the organie faecal material.(4) The method is very easily and rapidly carried out.

Enhanced Recovery of Plesiomonas shigelloides following an Enrichment Technique1

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN M. FREUND ◽  
JOHN A. KOBURGER ◽  
CHENG-I WEI
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Plesiomonas Shigelloides ◽  
Alkaline Peptone Water ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Enrichment Techniques

Enrichment techniques using five broths (gram-negative broth, alkaline peptone water, tetrathionate broth without iodine and two Plesiomonas broths) were compared to direct plating methods using freshwater samples to determine their ability to increase the isolation rate of Plesiomonas shigelloides, a suspected food and waterbome pathogen. Tetrathionate broth consistently gave significantly (p<0.05) greater recovery of P. shigelloides than the other four broths tested as well as by direct plating. Incubation of the enrichment broths at 40°C also resulted in significantly higher recovery of Plesiomonas than at 35°C. It is therefore suggested that for routine monitoring of P. shigelloides, tetrathionate broth incubated at 40°C be used for enrichment before plating.

scholarly journals Studies on the isolation of Salmonella dublin

1975 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. S. Harvey ◽  
T. H. Price
Keyword(s):  
Brilliant Green ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Salmonella Dublin ◽  
Selective Agar ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYAbattoir drain swabs, bovine faeces and a few other veterinary samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella dublin. Three selective agar media and four enrichment broths were investigated. The two most efficient plating media were deoxycholate citrate agar and brilliant green MacConkey agar. Wilson and Blair's bismuth sulphite agar (de Loureiro's modification) was least successful. Selenite F broth, whether incubated at 37 or 43° C., was better than the other enrichment broths used which contained a triphenyl methane dye as one of the selective ingredients.

scholarly journals Beyond the “Conflict” Paradigm

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Aziz Douai
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western World ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
The West ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Power Game ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Zero Sum

Western-Muslim relations have experienced long periods of peaceful coexistence,fruitful co-operation, and close interactions that have enriched both civilizations.And yet an alien observer of our mainstream media could be forgivenfor concluding that “Islam” and the “West” can never co-exist in peace becausethey seem to have nothing in common. In fact, the intermittent violence interruptingthese long peaceful interactions – from the Crusades to the “War onTerror” – has constituted the core of most mainstream media coverage and“scholarship” purporting to “study” and “explain” these relations.In a zero-sum power game, these dominant frameworks emphasize thatsuch a “clash” is inevitable. Samuel Huntington’s “Clash of Civilizations”theory has become the best known articulation and deployment of “conflict”as an “explanatory” framework for understanding current and past Muslim-West interactions. Simply put, existential, cultural, and religious chasmshave put the Muslim world on a collision course with the western world, aproblem that is most exacerbated by the presence of “Islam” and Muslimcommunities in western societies (Huntington, 1993).1 His thesis appearsto ignore each civilization’s internal diversity and pluralism and to be willfullyoblivious to the inter- and intra-civilizational interactions and centuriesoldco-existence, as Edward Said argued in his rebuttal: “Clash of Ignorance”(2001).  Beyond the broadest generalizations, after all, what do “Islam” and the“West” mean? How long can we afford to “ignore” the “porousness” and “ambiguity”of their geographical and cultural borders? Is “conflict” between thesetwo realms inevitable? How about the centuries-old dialogue between thesecivilizations, the “Self” and the “Other”? How can researchers and intellectualsdeploy their inter-disciplinary insights and scholarship to address both thereal and the perceived civilizational “chasms”?These questions constitute the overarching themes of some very importantscholarship published in three recent books: Engaging the Other: Public Policyand Western-Muslim Intersections, edited by Karim H. Karim and MahmoudEid; Re-Imagining the Other: Culture, Media, and Western-Muslim Intersections,edited by Mahmoud Eid and Karim H. Karim; and the Routledge Handbookof Islam in the West, edited by Roberto Tottoli. With rich methodologicalapproaches, broad theoretical lenses, and diverse topics, these three books offera unique platform to build both a holistic and nuanced understanding of thecontingencies and intricacies surrounding “Islam” and the “West.” ...

scholarly journals Short Communication: Characterization of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with five Dendrobium species in Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Soelistijono ◽  
D.S. UTAMI ◽  
DARYANTI ◽  
M. FAIZIN ◽  
R. DIAN
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Binucleate Rhizoctonia ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Macroscopic Observation

Abstract. Soelistijono R, Utami DS, Daryanti, Faizin M, Dian R. 2020. Plankton biodiversity in various typologies of inundation in Paminggir swamp, South Kalimantan, Indonesia on dry season. Biodiversitas 21: 1007-1011. This study aims to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with the roots of five Dendrobium species; to determine the association between Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae with the root of five Dendrobium sp.; to obtain difference between Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae with the other in adjacent location Mycorrhizal observations of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae in this study were carried out macroscopically (morphologically) and microscopically (anatomically). The macroscopic observation was performed by observing directly the development of fungal colonies on culture media. Microscopic observations were performed to determine the shape of the hyphal of fungi and the number of nuclei. The results showed that the Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with the root of five species of Dendrobium sp. in Java were the binucleate Rhizoctonia groups (BNR). The binucleate Rhizoctonia has white colonies, right-angle branching hyphae, two nuclei, and brown hyphae. The association of the root of five species of Dendrobium sp.with Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae fungi was indicated by the existence of a peloton structure in cortical root tissue.

scholarly journals On the Nature of Bacterial Lag

1914 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Jas. Penfold
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Parent Culture ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Effect On Growth

(1) If B. coli be subcultured into another sample of the same medium when growing at full pace, it will continue to grow at the same pace.(2) If the maximum rate of growth be interrupted by a short application of cold, growth will recommence without lag on the temperature being raised. If the cold be long continued, lag will tend to reappear.(3) Differences in the size of inoculum have practically no effect on lag in the case of large inoculums, in the case of small ones, on the other hand, diminution of the seeding has the effect of lengthening lag, and this lengthening effect is more marked the smaller the seedings become.(4) Lowering the temperature lengthens the lag. The effect is very similar to the effect on growth.(5) The older a parent culture (within limits) the longer the lag.(6) The length of lag varies with the medium even if adaptation has been arranged for beforehand.(7) Heat-stable products in B. coli cultures on peptone water have, in the case of overnight cultures, but little effect on lag.(8) After washing the bacteria for two hours with saline in order to remove possible inhibiting agents, it was found that the lag, on subculture, still occurred and was indeed slightly longer.(9) If a peptone water culture of B. coli be centrifuged, it is found that the few bacteria remaining in the supernatant commence to grow again at a quick rate but not without a period of lag.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Universal Pre-enrichment Broth for Recovery of Salmonella from Selected Dairy Foods

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S Hammack ◽  
R Miguel Amaguaña ◽  
Mildred L Johnson ◽  
Wallace H Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Brilliant Green ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Salmonella Serovars ◽  
Nonfat Dry Milk ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract The relative efficiencies of 2 Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) pre-enrichments, lactose broth (LAC) and brilliant green water (BGW), were compared with Universal Pre-enrichment (UP) broth for the recovery of individual Salmonella serovars from instant nonfat dry milk (NFDM), dry whole milk (DWM), lactic casein (LC), and liquid whole milk (LWM). BGW was compared with UP broth for the analysis of NFDM and DWM but not with the other 2 matrixes. LAC was compared with UP broth for the analysis of LC and LWM. UP broth was made both from a commercial dehydrated preparation (UPC) and from individual ingredients (UPI). Bulk quantities of the selected dairy foods were inoculated with Salmonella serovars at levels intended to produce fractionally positive results, where at least half of the test portions analyzed, with one of the methods being evaluated, would be shown to be Salmonella-positive. For NFDM, in 6 of 9 experiments, with 2 different Salmonella serovars, BGW was significantly more productive than either UPI or UPC broth (p < 0.05). Salmonella was recovered from 118 of 180 test portions with BGW, from 25 of 180 test portions with UPC, and from 14 of 180 test portions with UPI. For DWM, in 2 of 4 experiments, with 2 different Salmonella serovars, BGW was significantly more productive than either UPI or UPC broth (p < 0.05). Salmonella was recovered from 67 of 80 test portions with BGW, from 36 of 80 test portions with UPC, and from 37 of 80 test portions with UPI. For LWM, in 9 of 9 experiments, with 3 different Salmonella serovars, there were no significant differences among the broths. Salmonella was recovered from 120 of 180 test portions with LAC, from 135 of 180 test portions with UPC, and from 129 of 180 test portions with UPI. For LC, in 5 of 7 experiments, with 2 different Salmonella serovars, both UPI and UPC broth were significantly more productive than LAC (p < 0.05). Salmonella was recovered from 42 of 140 test portions with LAC, from 114 of 140 test portions with UPC, and from 114 of 140 test portions with UPI. In addition, overall results showed that UPC and UPI broths were equivalent for the recovery of Salmonella from the foods tested, without regard to their performance in comparison with either LAC or BGW.

Comparison of Rappaport-Vassiliadis Enrichment Medium and Tetrathionate Brilliant Green Broth for Isolation of Salmonellae from Meat Products

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. KALAPOTHAKI ◽  
P. VASSILIADIS ◽  
CH. MAVROMMATI ◽  
D. TRICHOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Enrichment Medium ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Green Solution

The effectiveness of Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment medium (RV medium) and Difco's tetrathionate brilliant green broth (TBG) for detection of Salmonella in 553 samples of meat products was compared. All samples were preenriched for 20 h in buffered peptone water. Then 0.1 ml of the preenrichment was inoculated into 10 ml of RV medium, 1 ml was added to 9 ml of TBG broth, and 1 ml was inoculated into 10 ml of Muller-Kauffman (MK) tetrathionate broth. All enrichments were incubated at 43°C for 24 h, except for MK broth which was incubated for 48 h, and all were subcultured onto brilliant green deoxycholate agar and bismuth sulfite agar. The Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium was superior to Difco's tetrathionate brilliant green broth, being considerably more sensitive and more specific. The superiority of RV medium concerned the number of positive samples (36% and 28%, respectively), and also the number of Salmonella serotypes and strains. The RV medium inhibited the lactose- and sucrose-negative competing organisms much more than the Difco's tetrathionate broth. The performance of Difco and Muller-Kauffman tetrathionate brilliant green broths was similar. Addition of the brilliant green solution after boiling the tetrathionate broth slightly increased its efficacy. The effectiveness of brilliant green deoxycholate agar and bismuth sulfite agar was similar, whether after enrichment in RV medium or in any of the studied tetrathionate brilliant green broths.

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