scholarly journals THE ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF A FIBROUS TISSUE WHICH APPEARS IN LIVING CULTURES OF ADULT FROG TISSUES

1915 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Baitsell
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Adult Frog ◽  
Hanging Drop Method ◽  
Living Tissues

In living cultures of various kinds of adult frog tissues, which have been made according to the hanging drop method, there occurs, in many cases, a transformation of the plasma clot by which it becomes entirely changed from a typical fibrin net both in appearance and structure. The changes in the fibrin net generally begin when the culture is from two to three days old. During these changes it appears that the elements of the fibrin net fuse or consolidate, and as a result a great number of fine wavy fibrils are formed which unite to form wavy bundles of fibers, and these freely intertwine and anastomose as they ramify through the area of the plasma clot. The transformation of the fibrin net occurs first in the region of the clot which lies next to the imbedded tissue, gradually extends to the distal regions of the clot, and in time—as a rule in about two weeks—the entire plasma clot becomes changed from the fibrin net into a structure which to all appearances is identical with regular connective tissue. Photographs of both living and preserved cultures have been made to show the course of the transformation of the plasma clot and the development of the fibers. Experiments have been made which show that the fibers which are formed are not outgrowths of the imbedded tissue. Also they are not formed by an intracellular action, but arise directly by a transformation of the fibrin elements of the plasma clot. Experiments have been made which indicate that the transformation of the fibrin net will not occur unless it has come under the influence of living tissues or of living isolated cells. However, mechanical means, such as exerting tension on the clot with needles, may hasten the formation of the fibers. Also, in some cultures, movements of living isolated cells appear to aid in the formation of the fibers. The living tissues alone, however, are able to cause the fibers to form without the aid of any apparent mechanical factor. This is shown by cultures of various tissues in which no cell movement occurs and in which the plasma clot is undisturbed and yet a prolific formation of fibers may take place. Experiments have been made in order to determine the true nature of the transformed plasma clot and to see if the new fibrous tissue were still fibrin in character. The results that have so far been obtained from these tests have not been entirely conclusive and leave the question unsettled. The transformation of the fibrin net results in a shrinkage of the clot. It also becomes very tough and resistant to injury and, therefore, entirely different from the fragile and easily destroyed fibrin net when in its original condition. It is believed that such a reaction must play an important part in wound healing. A study of the relation between connective tissue fibers formed in wound healing and in embryonic development to the fibers formed in the plasma clot is being made, and the results will appear in a later paper.

scholarly journals Acidified Nitrite Accelerates Wound Healing in Type 2 Diabetic Male Rats: A Histological and Stereological Evaluation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Hamideh Afzali ◽  
Mohammad Khaksari ◽  
Sajad Jeddi ◽  
Khosrow Kashfi ◽  
Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Diabetic Wound Healing ◽  
Diabetic Wounds ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Impaired skin nitric oxide production contributes to delayed wound healing in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aims to determine improved wound healing mechanisms by acidified nitrite (AN) in rats with T2D. Wistar rats were assigned to four subgroups: Untreated control, AN-treated control, untreated diabetes, and AN-treated diabetes. AN was applied daily from day 3 to day 28 after wounding. On days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28, the wound levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured, and histological and stereological evaluations were performed. AN in diabetic rats increased the numerical density of basal cells (1070 ± 15.2 vs. 936.6 ± 37.5/mm3) and epidermal thickness (58.5 ± 3.5 vs. 44.3 ± 3.4 μm) (all p < 0.05); The dermis total volume and numerical density of fibroblasts at days 14, 21, and 28 were also higher (all p < 0.05). The VEGF levels were increased in the treated diabetic wounds at days 7 and 14, as was the total volume of fibrous tissue and hydroxyproline content at days 14 and 21 (all p < 0.05). AN improved diabetic wound healing by accelerating the dermis reconstruction, neovascularization, and collagen deposition.

scholarly journals MRGPR-mediated activation of local mast cells clears cutaneous bacterial infection and protects against reinfection

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. eaav0216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arifuzzaman ◽  
Yuvon R. Mobley ◽  
Hae Woong Choi ◽  
Pradeep Bist ◽  
Cristina A. Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Mast cells (MCs) are strategically distributed at barrier sites and prestore various immunocyte-recruiting cytokines, making them ideal targets for selective activation to treat peripheral infections. Here, we report that topical treatment with mastoparan, a peptide MC activator (MCA), enhances clearance ofStaphylococcus aureusfrom infected mouse skins and accelerates healing of dermonecrotic lesions. Mastoparan functions by activating connective tissue MCs (CTMCs) via the MRGPRX2 (Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member X2) receptor. Peripheral CTMC activation, in turn, enhances recruitment of bacteria-clearing neutrophils and wound-healing CD301b+dendritic cells. Consistent with MCs playing a master coordinating role, MC activation also augmented migration of various antigen-presenting dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes, leading to stronger protection against a second infection challenge. MCAs therefore orchestrate both the innate and adaptive immune arms, which could potentially be applied to combat peripheral infections by a broad range of pathogens.

164 The expression of connective tissue growth factor during wound healing

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
N. Hayashi ◽  
T. Kakinuma ◽  
S. Kawara ◽  
K. Takehara ◽  
K. Tamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue Growth Factor ◽  
Tissue Growth

scholarly journals Isolated Epithelial Cells of the Toad Bladder

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Gatzy ◽  
W. O. Berndt
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Toad Bladder ◽  
Trypsin Treatment ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
General Increase ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Isolated Cell

Epithelial cells of the toad bladder were disaggregated with EDTA, trypsin, hyaluronidase, or collagenase and were then scraped free of the underlying connective tissue. In most experiments EDTA was complexed with a divalent cation before the tissue was scraped. QOO2, sucrose and inulin spaces, and electrolytes of the isolated cells were measured. Cells disaggregated by collagenase or hyaluronidase consumed O2 at a rate of 4 µl hr-1 dry wt-1. QOO2 was increased 50% by ADH (100 U/liter) or by cyclic 3',5'-AMP (10 mM/liter). Na+-free Ringer's depressed the QOO2 by 40%. The QOO2 of cells prepared by trypsin treatment or by two EDTA methods was depressed by Na+-free Ringer's but was stimulated relatively little by ADH. Two other EDTA protocols produced cells that did not respond to Na+ lack or ADH. The intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations of collagenase-disaggregated cells were 32 and 117 mEq/kg cell H2O, respectively. Cation concentrations of hyaluronidase cells were similar, but cells that did not respond to ADH had higher intracellular Na+ concentrations. Cells unresponsive to ADH and Na+ lack had high sucrose spaces and low transcellular membrane gradients of Na+, K+, and Cl-. The results suggest that trypsin and EDTA disaggregation damage the active Na+ transport system of the isolated cell. Certain EDTA techniques may also produce a general increase in permeability. Collagenase and hyaluronidase cells appear to function normally.

scholarly journals A Cellophane-Strip Technique for Culturing Tissue in Multipurpose Culture Chambers

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Rose ◽  
C. M. Pomerat ◽  
T. O. Shindler ◽  
J. B. Trunnell
Keyword(s):  
New Technique ◽  
Culture Chamber ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Tissue Explants ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Undifferentiated Type ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Living Tissues

A new technique for the cultivation of living tissues in the multipurpose culture chamber is described. This procedure employs strips of cellophane as the agent for anchoring tissue explants to the coverslip walls of the chamber and disposes of the time-honored plasma-clot technique. The primary advance embodied in this procedure lies in the fact that cells emigrating from so-cultured explants manifest themselves in a highly differentiated manner comparable to the cells of origin, whereas the outgrowth from the same types of tissue in plasma clots results in a more undifferentiated type of growth. Comparisons of outgrowths from embryonic thyroid, bone, and muscle (chicken) are photographically documented, and attention is called to certain cytochemical methods which further corroborate the differentiated quality obtained with the cellophane-strip technique.

scholarly journals Simple Modelling of Extracellular Matrix Alignment in Dermal Wound Healing I. Cell Flux Induced Alignment

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Olsen ◽  
Philip K. Maini ◽  
Jonathan A. Sherratt ◽  
Ben Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Collagen Fibre ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Dimensional Version ◽  
Healing Wounds ◽  
Dermal Wound

We present a generic model to investigate alignment due to cell movement with spefic application to collagen fibre alignment in wound healing. In particular, alignment in two orthogonal directions is considered. Numerical simulation are presented to show how alignment is affected by key parameter min the model. from a travelling wave analysis of a simplified one-dimensional version of the model we derive a first order ordinary differential equation to describe the time evolution of aligment. We conclude that in the wound healing context,faster healing wounds result in more aligment and hence more serve scarring. It is shown how the model can be extended to included orientation dependent Kinetics,multipkle cell types and several extracellular matrix materials.

scholarly journals The neuroma-like structure of the long-time severed and isolated nerve stumps

1965 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eros Abrantes Erhart ◽  
Cecil J. Rezze
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Proximal Stump ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Distal Nerve

The long-time severed and isolated intermediate and distal nerve segments, maintained undisturbed in their connective tissue bed, completely separated from each other and from the proximal stump, are repopulated by nerve-fibres which origin is still unknown. The extremities of such nerve segments present complex nervous nodules capped by fibrous tissue, neuroma-like structures.

scholarly journals Palatal Wound Healing with Primary Intention in a Rat Model—Histology and Immunohistomorphometry

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Chaushu ◽  
Marina Rahmanov Gavrielov ◽  
Gavriel Chaushu ◽  
Marilena Vered
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Single Incision ◽  
Epithelial Differentiation ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Stromal Collagen

Background and objectives: Subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) from the palate has been considered as the “gold standard” for the treatment of deep gingival recessions. A single-incision technique was reported to allow primary wound healing. A palatal single incision was performed in a rat model. The present study assessed the histology and histomorphometry of palatal wound healing following surgical closure with primary intention. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six 6-month-old male Wistar rats weighing 427–650 g. An incision was made on the maxillary palate. A full thickness flap was raised palatally, and then repositioned and sutured. Two experimental groups: S—Study group, I—Intact control group. Half of the animals were sacrificed 7 days and the remaining 14 days postoperatively. Outcome parameters included—epithelial gap; inflammatory infiltration; vascular fraction, expression of myofibroblasts and stem cell markers within the oral epithelium and stromal cells and physical properties of stromal collagen fibers. Investigations were performed at two time-points (7 and 14 days) during the wound healing process. Results: The epithelial gap closed completely after 14 days. The inflammatory reaction and vascular fraction were relatively low. Surgical trauma downregulated the expression of cytokeratin (CK) 14 and CK 15, which returned to normal after 14 days. Epithelial differentiation was mediated through upregulation of connective tissue sex- determining-region-Y-box2 (SOX2). Epithelial SOX2, CD34, alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and physical properties of stromal collagen fibers were not influenced by the surgical trauma. Conclusions: Surgical trauma followed by palatal wound healing with primary intention in a rat model heals within 14 days. It induces minimal inflammatory infiltration and vascular proliferation. Epithelization is exerted through promotion of epithelial differentiation from stem cells by connective tissue SOX2.

scholarly journals Plasma Fibrin Clot Properties as Determinants of Bleeding Time in Human Subjects: Association with Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Konstanty Szułdrzyński ◽  
Miłosz Jankowski ◽  
Daniel P. Potaczek ◽  
Anetta Undas
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Primary Hemostasis ◽  
Complex Relationships

Aims. Fibrin formation and histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) are involved in primary hemostasis and wound healing. Little is known regarding the relationship of clot characteristics, bleeding time, and wound healing. Methods and Results. We studied 154 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 154 subjects free of CAD matched for age, obesity, and current smoking. We evaluated bleeding time (BT) using standardized skin incisions on a forearm, along with plasma clot permeability (Ks), clot lysis time (CLT), and histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG). Compared with controls, BT was 45% shorter in CAD cases. CAD patients had 32% lower Ks and 17% longer CLT as well as 50% lower HRG compared with controls (all p<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, Ks and HRG levels were independent predictors of prolonged BT in CAD patients (OR 23.70, 95% CI 4.65-120.8 and OR 10.27, 95% CI 2.05-51.31, respectively) and controls (OR 10.89, 95% CI 2.31-51.11 and OR 4.54, 95% CI 1.07-19.27, respectively). Scar formation (n=79, 25.6%) was independently predicted by both short and prolonged BT in CAD cases (OR 21.87, 95% CI 7.41-64.55 and OR 10.17, 95% CI 2.88-35.97) and controls (OR 5.94, 95% CI 2.29-15.41 and OR 14.76, 95% CI 4.29-50.77, respectively). Conclusions. The study shows that plasma fibrin clot density and HRG may influence BT and that appropriate skin wound healing is associated with medium BT. Translational Perspective. Elucidation of the complex relationships between plasma fibrin clot phenotype and wound healing might have important practical implications.

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