scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A TYPICAL (S-PRODUCING) AND A DEGRADED (NON-S-PRODUCING) STRAIN OF TYPE II PNEUMOCOCCUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES

1927 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emidio L. Gaspari ◽  
William L. Fleming ◽  
James M. Neill
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Passive Protection ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Immunological Properties ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Specialized Function

The loss of the specialized function of S production by Type II pneumococcus was accompanied by a loss of the antigenic properties involved in both active and passive protection of mice. Absorption of Type II serum with S-producing pneumococci removed all the protective antibodies, as well as the type-specific agglutinins and S precipitins. The same absorption treatment of the serum by non-S-producing pneumococci failed entirely to remove the type-specific antibodies and did not affect the protective value of the serum. Absorption with bacteria-free culture fluids containing the reactive carbohydrate removed the protective antibodies as completely as absorption with the whole bacterial cells of type-specific strains. The results taken as a whole indicate that the antibodies involved in the usual protection of mice against Type II pneumococci are closely related, if not identical, to the specific anticarbohydrate precipitin.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF HUMAN SUBJECTS TO INTRACUTANEOUS INJECTION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS PRODUCTS

1932 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Finland ◽  
W. D. Sutliff
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Specific Antibody Response ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection

The blood of 63 human subjects selected because of the absence of recent infections, was studied for its content of specific antibodies against virulent strains of Types I, II, and III pneumococci before and after intracutaneous injections of minute amounts of pneumococcus products. The simultaneous injection of the specific polysaccharides of all three types of pneumococci and of proteins and autolysates derived from Types I and II pneumococci was followed by the appearance or increase of pneumococcidal power in the whole defibrinated blood and, in most instances, by the appearance of mouse-protective antibodies and agglutinins for one or more types. A single intracutaneous injection of 0.01 mg. of the protein-free type-specific polysaccharide of either Type I, Type II, or Type III pneumococci or 4 similar daily injections was followed, in most of 29 subjects, by the appearance of antibodies against the homologous, but not against the heterologous type pneumococci. Some subjects showed a simultaneous lowering of a preexisting pneumococcidal power for heterologous or homologous types. A single intracutaneous injection of O.1 mg. of pneumococcus protein in 13 individuals was not followed by the appearance of specific antibodies to any appreciable degree. Single intracutaneous injections of small amounts of autolysates derived from virulent strains of Type I, II, or III pneumococci were followed in 11 subjects by a more or less general rise in the pneumococcidal power with the appearance of homologous type agglutinins and protective antibodies in about one-third of the subjects.

scholarly journals Multiple mouse-protective antibodies directed against group B streptococci. Special reference to antibodies effective against protein antigens.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Lancefield ◽  
M McCarty ◽  
W N Everly
Keyword(s):  
Cross Protection ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Passive Protection ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Antigenic Composition ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Group B

The data presented in this paper establish the finding that multiple specific protective antibodies exist in rabbits in response to immunization with Group B streptococci. The summary in Table I indicates the serological types into which Group B streptococci have been divided on the basis of their antigenic composition. This classification is dependent upon passive protection of mice with antibodies directed against the specific antigens, and types are defined in these terms. Heretofore, it was thought that type-specific polysaccharides accounted for all such protection in Group B streptococci. Certain exceptions of cross-protection between types due to minor polysaccharide determinants soon appeared; cross-protection reactions based on protein determinants in at least two types were also discovered. The present experiments show that specific antibodies directed to either polysaccharide or protein antigens of a single strain can be protective against infection with streptococci containing these antigens.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF AGGLUTININS AND PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES IN RABBITS, AFTER INHALATION OF TYPE II PNEUMOCOCCI

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest G. Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Specific Response ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Virulent Type ◽  
Protective Antibodies

1. Following repeated inhalations of the degenerated non-virulent "R" forms of Type II pneumococcus, no type specific antibodies can be demonstrated in the serum of rabbits. 2. Following repeated inhalations of slightly virulent Type II (SAv) pneumococci, only protective antibodies can be demonstrated in the serum of rabbits. 3. Following repeated inhalations of virulent Type II (Sv) pneumococci, agglutinins and protective antibodies can be demonstrated in the serum of rabbits. 4. Following repeated exposures of rabbits to inhalation of pneumococci, the type specific response, evidenced by type specific protective antibodies and agglutinins, varies in direct proportion to the virulence of the culture used.

Characterization of human type II procollagen and collagen-specific antibodies and their application to the study of human type II collagen processing and ultrastructure

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Jimenez ◽  
Leena Ala-Kokko ◽  
Darwin J. Prockop ◽  
Carmen F. Merryman ◽  
Nora Shepard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Human Type

scholarly journals Impact of pathogen reduction methods on immunological properties of the COVID-19 convalescent plasma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Kostin ◽  
Maria N. Lundgren ◽  
Andrey Y. Bulanov ◽  
Elena A. Ladygina ◽  
Karina S. Chirkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Immunological Properties ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
One Step ◽  
Pathogen Reduction ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesCOVID-19 convalescent plasma is an experimental treatment against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of different pathogen reduction methods on the levels and virus neutralizing activity of the specific antibodies against SARS-CoV2 in convalescent plasma.Materials and MethodsA total of 140 plasma doses collected by plasmapheresis from COVID-19 convalescent donors were subjected to pathogen reduction by three methods: methylene blue (M)/visible light, riboflavin (R)/UVB, and amotosalen (A)/UVA. To conduct a paired comparison, individual plasma doses were divided into 2 samples that were subjected to one of these methods. The titres of SARS-CoV2 neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) and levels of specific immunoglobulins to RBD, S- and N- proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were measured before and after pathogen reduction.ResultsThe methods reduced NtAbs titres differently: among units with the initial titre 80 or above, 81% of units remained unchanged and 19% decreased by one step after methylene blue; 60% were unchanged and 40% decreased by one step after amotosalen; after riboflavin 43% were unchanged and 50% (7% respectively) had a one- step (two-step respectively) decrease. Paired two-sample comparisons (M vs A, M vs R and A vs R) revealed that the largest statistically significant decrease in quantity and activity of the specific antibodies resulted from the riboflavin treatment.ConclusionPathogen reduction with methylene blue or with amotosalen provides the greater likelihood of preserving the immunological properties of the COVID-19 convalescent plasma compared to riboflavin.

scholarly journals Conjugation of Different Immunogenic Enterococcal Vaccine Target Antigens Leads to Extended Strain Coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (10) ◽  
pp. 1589-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Romero-Saavedra ◽  
D Laverde ◽  
E Kalfopoulou ◽  
C Martini ◽  
R Torelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Model ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
Mouse Infection Model ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Opsonophagocytic Killing ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Respective Protein

Abstract Enterococci have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens due to their resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics. Alternative treatments or prevention options are aimed at polysaccharides and surface-related proteins that play important roles in pathogenesis. Previously, we have shown that 2 Enterococcus faecium proteins, the secreted antigen A and the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, as well as the Enterococcus faecalis polysaccharide diheteroglycan, are able to induce opsonic and cross-protective antibodies. Here, we evaluate the use of glycoconjugates consisting of these proteins and an enterococcal polysaccharide to develop a vaccine with broader strain coverage. Diheteroglycan was conjugated to these 2 enterococcal proteins. Rabbit sera raised against these glycoconjugates showed Immunoglobulin G titers against the corresponding conjugate, as well as against the respective protein and carbohydrate antigens. Effective opsonophagocytic killing for the 2 sera was observed against different E. faecalis and E. faecium strains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays against whole bacterial cells showed immune recognition of 22 enterococcal strains by the sera. Moreover, the sera conferred protection against E. faecalis and E. faecium strains in a mouse infection model. Our results suggest that these glycoconjugates are promising candidates for vaccine formulations with a broader coverage against these nosocomial pathogens and that the evaluated proteins are potential carrier proteins.

INTERACTIONS OF DYSFUNCTIONAL Cl-INHIBITORS FROM PATIENTS WITH TYPE II HEREDITARY ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA (HANE) WITH ACTIVATED HAGEMAN FACTOR (FACTOR XIIa).

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
V H Donaldson ◽  
M D B H Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Normal Serum ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Inhibitor Protein ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Factor Xiia

Type II HANE is characterized by a deficiency of Cl-inhibitor (Cl-INH) activity in serum which is associated with a dysfunctional inhibitor protein having a normal or increased quantity o|_the antigenic properties of normal serum Cl-inhibitor. Dysfunctional Cl-INH proteins were purified from members_of eight different kindred with Type II HANE and compared to normal Cl-inhibitor with respect to their inhibitory activity directed against the amidolytic and clot-promoting properties of purified activated Hageman factor. All but one dysfunctional Cl-inhibitor blocked the amidolytic activity of ellagic acid-activated Hageman factor; all eight blocked the clot-promoting activity of Hageman factor activated in solutions of sulfatides and BSA. The inhibition _of amidolytic activity was equal to or greater than that of normal Cl-INH (Donaldson, et al., 3. Clin. Invest. 75:124,1985). The impairment of the specific Hageman factor coagulant activity of activated Hageman factor by six^f the eight dysfunctional inhibitors was less than that of the normal Cl-inhibitor, although readily measured. Dysfunctional Cl-inhibitor proteins were also heterogeneous with respect to their formation of stable complexes and their susceptibility to cleavage by Hageman factor activated with BSA-sulfatides when analyzed in SDS-gel electrophoresis. Although these observatons cannot be directly applied to in vivo pathophysiologic changes in plasma, dysfunctional Cl-inhibitors do have the potential of regulating activated Hageman factor.

scholarly journals THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF PNEUMOCOCCUS

1925 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswald T. Avery ◽  
James M. Neill
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Original Cell

1. Intact pneumococci, possessing specific antigenic powers unimpaired by cultural or other procedures, give rise to agglutinins for organisms of the homologous type and to precipitins for the type-specific carbohydrate derived from them. 2. Solutions of pneumococci free of all formed elements, but containing the carbohydrate and protein of the original cell, fail to stimulate the formation of type-specific antibodies. Sera prepared in this manner do not react with the carbohydrate constituent of the cell and do not agglutinate organisms of the homologous type. The loss of this antigenic function is related to changes incurred during dissolution of the bacterial cell. 3. Solutions of the cellular substances of Pneumococcus, although lacking the specific antigen of the whole cell, induce the formation of antibodies reactive with pneumococcus protein regardless of the type from which the latter is derived.

The sequential development of type I and type II ostertagiasis in young cattle with special reference to biochemical and serological changes

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Entrocasso ◽  
Q. McKellar ◽  
J.J. Parkins ◽  
K. Bairden ◽  
J. Armour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sequential Development ◽  
Young Cattle
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