scholarly journals VITAL STAINING OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES

1938 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester S. King
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Vital Staining ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Connective Tissue Matrix ◽  
Tissue Matrix ◽  
Special Case

Trypan blue injected intravenously is bound almost at once by the intercellular connective tissue elements all over the body,—by collagen, reticulin, and elastic fibers. This union of dye and tissue elements is the factor responsible for the early macroscopic blue color and is antecedent to cellular colloidopexic action. Different examples of connective tissue differ among themselves in their ability to hold the dye. Diffuse staining of elastic fibers noted by previous observers is merely a special case of the general affinity of connective tissue for the dye. The evidence suggests that the histiocytes are cells specialized to segregate noxae that become diffusely bound to the intercellular connective tissue matrix.

Toward a kinetic theory of connective tissue micromechanics

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Mijailovich ◽  
D. Stamenovic ◽  
J. J. Fredberg
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Fiber Network ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Connective Tissue Matrix ◽  
Tissue Matrix ◽  
And Diffusion

The aim of this study is to develop unifying concepts at the microstructural level to account for macroscopic connective tissue dynamics. We establish the hypothesis that rate-dependent and rate-independent dissipative stresses arise in the interaction among fibers in the connective tissue matrix. A quantitative theoretical analysis is specified in terms of geometry and material properties of connective tissue fibers and surrounding constituents. The analysis leads to the notion of slip and diffusion boundary layers, which become unifying concepts in understanding mechanisms that underlie connective tissue elasticity and energy dissipation during various types of loading. The complex three-dimensional fiber network is simplified to the interaction of two ideally elastic fibers that dissipate energy on slipping interface surfaces. The effects of such interactions are assumed to be expressed in the aggregate matrix. Special solutions of the field equations are obtained analytically, whereas the general solution of the model field equations is obtained numerically. The solutions lead to predictions of tissue behavior that are qualitatively, if not quantitatively, consistent with reports of a variety of dynamic moduli, their dependencies on the rate and amplitude of load application, and some features associated with preconditioning.

scholarly journals THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES

1925 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton Rous
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Vital Staining ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peritoneal Exudate ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Rats And Mice

The present paper is the first of a series of reports on the relative reaction of living tissues as determined by vital staining with indicators. It is possible to bring about a localized and a general coloration of living rats and mice with litmus. The animals remain in good health and the coloration of some of the tissues persists for months. Much of the dye is stored in cell granules, especially in those of the reticulo-endothelial elements, but a diffuse staining of certain tissues occurs, notably of bone, epidermis, cartilage, and connective tissue everywhere. In the intensity and localization of the bony coloration litmus has resemblances to madder. Diffuse staining with it renders blue most, if not all, of the tissues affected, while a granular staining causes others to become notably pink, owing to the fact that the indicator, though introduced into the organism in the blue form and circulating as such in the body fluids, is ordinarily red when stored in cells. The polymorphonuclear elements and macrophages of a peritoneal exudate, may become so laden with material colored red by litmus that the blue color of the fluid constituent is masked and the exudate appears a deep, turbid red. The phenomenon is but one manifestation of a notable acidity within cell granules throughout the organism. Like many another in the stained animals it would appear to be of physiological import. Some of the questions suggested by the work will be dealt with in the paper immediately following.

scholarly journals THE SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Ross ◽  
Seymour J. Klebanoff
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Myometrial Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue Matrix ◽  
Tissue Matrix

These studies have examined the ability of smooth muscle cells from developing aorta of the prepubertal rat to utilize amino acids in the synthesis and secretion of connective tissue proteins. Prepubertal rats, previously given either an alcohol carrier or estradiol-17-beta, were each given an intravenous injection of proline-3H. The animals were sacrificed after 15 and 30 min, and 4 hr. Light and electron microscope radioautographs of the aortic smooth muscle and of the myometrial cells demonstrated that the aortic cells, in both groups of animals, and the myometrial cells, in the estrogen-stimulated animals, took up the proline and rapidly secreted it in both collagen and elastic fibers within 4 hr. In contrast, the myometrial cells of the nonstimulated animal took up relatively small amounts of proline and retained most of the amino acid within the cells. Electron microscope radioautographs demonstrated that the organelles involved in this activity were the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex together with peripheral elements, presumed to be small vesicles. These studies have demonstrated that the smooth muscle cells of the developing aorta and of the estrogen-stimulated myometrium have a capacity to synthesize and secrete proteins associated with the extracellular connective tissue matrix.

scholarly journals The vital staining of normal and malignant cells. IV. - A comparison of the vital staining of the parenchyma cells of the liver with acid and basic dyes

1931 ◽  
Vol 108 (757) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Vital Staining ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Basic Dyes ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Almost All

The injection of an acid dyestuff such as trypan blue into the animal body is followed by the appearance of dye droplets in certain of the cells, particularly in the macrophages of the so called reticulo endothelial system, and the cells of the connective tissues, liver and kidney. Rarely is any dyestuff found in epidermal, gland or germ cells. With a basic dye, such as neutral red, droplets can be stained in almost all the cells of the body. There has been much discussion within recent years as to the cellular mechanism involved in vital staining with these two types of dyestuffs. It is generally agreed that in vital staining with acid dyes, the coloured droplets that appear in the cells are new formations due to the segregation of the dyestuff. Actual staining of preformed cell structures is rare, but it does sometimes occur. For example trypan blue stains the milky secretion in the mammary gland cells. A far greater variety of cell inclusions are stainable by neutral red, including cytoplasmic vacuoles, metaplastic bodies, mast cell granules, and acid dye droplets. Hence the view has been advanced that while vital staining with acid dyes results in the production of new formations, basic dyes stain pre-existing granules and vacuoles in the cytoplasm.

Autoimmune connective tissue diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
Ishita Patel ◽  
Alia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Connective Tissues

Connective tissue diseases are a rare and diverse group of disorders that result in pathology of the connective tissues of the body. This article focuses on the systemic autoimmune connective tissue diseases, and aims to provide a practical overview of these conditions for use in primary care.

scholarly journals Cellular control of connective tissue matrix tension

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1714-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene M. Langevin ◽  
Maiken Nedergaard ◽  
Alan K. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue Matrix ◽  
Cellular Control ◽  
Tissue Matrix
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