scholarly journals Water Loss during Contracture of Muscle

1962 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kaminer
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Frog Muscle ◽  
Tetanic Stimulation ◽  
Force Of Contraction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of contracture and exudation of water in frozenthawed frog muscle was studied. With maximum shortening, there was a water loss of 35 per cent of the weight of muscle. By restricting the contraction, it was demonstrated that the amount of water loss was proportional to the degree of shortening, there being no significant loss with isometric contraction. Muscle already shortened by tetanic stimulation also exuded water on subsequent freezing and thawing. The force of contraction could be reduced by depleting the muscle of calcium and it was shown that the amount of water exuded was also proportional to the tensile ability of the muscle. In a smooth muscle (anterior byssus retractor of Mytilus) which did not contract vigorously only a little water exuded. Contracture produced by caffeine was similarly associated with a loss of water. Microscopic studies revealed a disruption of the sarcomeres of the frozen-thawed muscle which contracted; glycerol-extracted and calcium-depleted muscles, which did not contract on freeze-thawing, did not show such disruption. Freezing and thawing of actomyosin caused a reversible syneresis of the protein. It is concluded that the exudation of the water is not merely due to the freezing and thawing but is also dependent on the contractile events.

The Relationship of Human Saphenous Vein Smooth Muscle Contractile Responses to Donor Age and Gender

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin G. M. Brockbank ◽  
Mark G. Davies ◽  
Shirley M. Fields ◽  
Per-Otto Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Donor Age ◽  
Human Saphenous Vein ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Muscle Contractile

scholarly journals Electron microscopic studies of antennal sensilla in the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) (Scolytidae)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Moeck
Keyword(s):  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Bipolar Neuron ◽  
Sensilla Trichodea ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The antennae of the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) were examined with the light and electron microscopes to determine the types, distribution, and structure of sense organs found thereon. Six main types of sense organs are present, with an additional seventh cuticular structure, the hypodermal gland pore, which is thought to be non-sensory.Sensilla chaetica possess one bipolar neuron terminating in a scolopale at the base of the thick-walled articulated hair.Type I sensilla trichodea are short articulated hairs of unknown fine structure and innervation.Type II sensilla trichodea are sharp-pointed hairs of intermediate length, with thin, perforated hair walls, and two neurons with slightly branched dendrites in the hair lumen.Type III sensilla trichodea are blunt-tipped, reversely curved hairs possessing a double lumen and four to seven bipolar neurons, the unbranched dendrites of which extend to the hair tip.Sensilla basiconica are short thin-walled perforated hairs or pegs, possessing two neurons each, with many-branched dendrites. The relationship of dendrite branches to hair perforations is not clear.Sensilla campaniformia consist of a subsurface dome in the center of which lies the nerve ending of one neuron similar to that of the sensilla chaetica.Evidence is presented, indicating the probable absence of sensory axon fusion in the antennae.

Formation of epicuticular wax and its effect on water loss in cabbage plants regenerated from shoot-tip culture

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2896-2902 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sutter ◽  
R. W. Langhans
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Shoot Tip Culture ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that cabbage plants in vitro had no structured epicuticular wax whereas plants grown in a growth chamber or in the greenhouse had considerable amounts of structured epicuticular wax. Plants grown in vitro developed increasing amounts of structured epicuticular wax after transfer to the greenhouse. Water loss per unit leaf area was greater in plants recently removed from in vitro conditions than in either plants grown in the growth chamber or in cultured plants that had been hardened off. Epicuticular wax was formed in plants grown in vitro at 35% relative humidity indicating that relative humidity is an important factor in the in vitro development of wax. The contribution of light to the formation of epicuticular wax and the relationship of the wax to survival of the plants when they are removed from in vitro culture are discussed.

Chemical and Sensory Changes in Round Inshore Male Capelin (Mallotus villosus) During Prolonged Storage for 24 Months at −23 °C

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Shaw ◽  
J. R. Botta
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Sensory Analyses ◽  
Sensory Changes ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Male capelin (Mallotus villosus) from a spawning inshore stock were held whole in block frozen format −23 °C without the benefit of special protective treatments. The results indicated an exceptional storage life of the samples, with no development of oxidative rancidity as monitored by organoleptic analysis, although TBA data did indicate this possibility. For many variables, the major chemical and sensory changes appeared to occur as a result of freezing and thawing, rather than as a result of frozen storage; changes were fastest during the first 6 wk. Because of the high sensory scores, it was difficult to correlate most chemical tests and organoleptic changes, though the relationship of texture scores to EPN and FFA values was significant [Formula: see text]. Sensory analyses showed that, after 2 yr, the samples were still fully acceptable.

Study on Influence of Freeze-Thaw for Chlorion Penetration

2014 ◽  
Vol 578-579 ◽  
pp. 1295-1298
Author(s):  
Zhen Qiang Wang ◽  
Ya Na Zhang ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Chloride Diffusivity ◽  
Chloride Ion Penetration ◽  
Freezing And Thawing Cycles ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Freeze-thaw cycles can affect the chloride diffusivity of concrete to a certain extend. The experimental study of plain concrete specimens with different strength grade were carried out, suffering 0, 50, 100 and 150 cycles of freeze-thaw. Chloride ion penetration under different strength, different cycle-index and the concrete mass-loss caused by freeze-thaw cycles are analyzed. Using this method the relationship of chlorion permeability with concrete strength is established when the concrete specimens reach to a particular value of freezing and thawing cycles.

RELATIONSHIP OF EXCISED-LEAF WATER LOSS RATE AND YIELD OF DURUM WHEAT IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
I. ROMAGOSA ◽  
S. JANA ◽  
J. P. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
T. N. McCAIG
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Metabolic Carbon

The rate of water loss (RWL) from excised leaves has been proposed as a screening technique to identify wheat genotypes adapted to dry growing conditions. The relationship of RWL and grain yield was studied in 100 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes grown at two locations in Canada and three locations in Syria. Fifty of the genotypes were chosen on the basis of low RWL and 50 on the basis of high RWL. Growing season precipitation ranged from 73 to 356 mm. Genotypes with low RWL yielded more than those with high RWL in four of the five driest environments in nine site-years of study. Yield of the low RWL genotypes ranged from 40 to 150% greater than that of the high RWL genotypes at the four sites. The high RWL group did not yield more than the low RWL group (P < 0.05) in any of the site-years. Glaucousness confounded interpretation of the results, since the low RWL group tended to be more glaucous than the high RWL group. Separation of the genotypes into high and low glaucousness groups showed that the high group yielded more than the low group in the three driest Canadian sites and in the wettest site in Syria. Low RWL and high glaucousness were associated with delayed leaf senescence in dry environments. It was concluded that low RWL contributes to high yield under dry growing conditions, and does not exhibit a metabolic carbon cost under more favorable precipitation regimes.Key words: Cuticular transpiration, Triticum turgidum L. var. durum, glaucousness, leaf senescence

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