A pinhole transmission grating spectrograph used in the characterization of the spatial distribution plasma x-ray spectrum

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
P X Feng ◽  
B James ◽  
M H Liu ◽  
S Lee ◽  
Y H Chen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Grating

Three-Dimensional Characterization of the Microstructure of Bioglass/Polyethylene Composite by X-Ray Microtomography

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 503-506
Author(s):  
Xiao Wei Fu ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
E.S. Thian ◽  
Serena Best ◽  
William Bonfield
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
3D Information

A Bioglass® reinforced polyethylene (Bioglass®/polyethylene) composite has been prepared, which combines the high bioactivity of Bioglass® and the toughness of polyethylene. The spatial distribution of Bioglass® particles within the composite is important for the performance of composites in-vivo. Recent developments in X-ray microtomography (XμT) have made it possible to visualize internal and microstructural details with different X-ray absorbencies, nondestructively, and to acquire 3D information at high spatial resolution. In this study, the volume fraction and 3D spatial distribution of Bioglass® particles has been acquired quantitatively by XμT. The information obtained provides a foundation for understanding the mechanical and bioactive properties of the Bioglass®/polyethylene composites.

Advanced Micro-chemical Investigation of Golden Threads from Romanian Byzantine Embroideries by Micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1956-1959
Author(s):  
Zizi Ileana Balta ◽  
Ioana Demetrescu ◽  
Irina Petroviciu ◽  
Mihai Lupu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Elemental Maps

In the present study, golden threads from two, apparently identical, medieval epitrachelions considered masterpieces of the Romanian Byzantine embroidery art, were investigated by using Micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE) and optical microscopy. PIXE measurements allowed to accurate identify the elemental composition, distribution of the trace elements, the layered structures (depth profiling) and thicknesses of the gold layer. Useful information for the characterization of the gilded silver threads due to elemental maps concerning the constituent elements spatial distribution in the sample was also obtained.

Characterization of Conductive Anodic Filament (Caf) by X-Ray Microtomography and by Serial Sectioning

1993 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Stock ◽  
L. L. Dollar ◽  
G. B. Freeman ◽  
W. J. Ready ◽  
L. J. Turbini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Printed Wiring Boards ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Conductive Anodic Filament

ABSTRACTX-ray microtomography is used to nondestructively section printed wiring boards in which conductive anodic filaments (CAFs) had grown, Quantification of the spatial distribution of copper is compared for microtomography and for serial sections obtained in SEM with backscattered electrons. The agreement between the techniques is excellent and indicates that microtomography may be used confidently to follow the subsurface growth of CAFs.

Fabrication and characterization of sliced multilayer transmission grating for X-ray region

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 090501-90503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiushi Huang Qiushi Huang ◽  
Haochuan Li Haochuan Li ◽  
Jingtao Zhu Jingtao Zhu ◽  
Xiaoqiang Wang Xiaoqiang Wang ◽  
Zhanshan Wang Zhanshan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Grating ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

High Resolution Replication of Organoclay Surfaces

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
W. W. Barker ◽  
W. E. Rigsby ◽  
V. J. Hurst ◽  
W. J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Organic Molecule ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Silicate Layers ◽  
Mineral Identification

Experimental clay mineral-organic molecule complexes long have been known and some of them have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction methods. The organic molecules are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the clay minerals, or intercalated between the silicate layers. Natural organo-clays also are widely recognized but generally have not been well characterized. Widely used techniques for clay mineral identification involve treatment of the sample with H2 O2 or other oxidant to destroy any associated organics. This generally simplifies and intensifies the XRD pattern of the clay residue, but helps little with the characterization of the original organoclay. Adequate techniques for the direct observation of synthetic and naturally occurring organoclays are yet to be developed.

Digital x-ray mapping of nanometer-size supported bimetallic catalysts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
L. T. Germinario
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Metal Cluster ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Induced Changes

Understanding the role of metal cluster composition in determining catalytic selectivity and activity is of major interest in heterogeneous catalysis. The electron microscope is well established as a powerful tool for ultrastructural and compositional characterization of support and catalyst. Because the spatial resolution of x-ray microanalysis is defined by the smallest beam diameter into which the required number of electrons can be focused, the dedicated STEM with FEG is the instrument of choice. The main sources of errors in energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) are: (1) beam-induced changes in specimen composition, (2) specimen drift, (3) instrumental factors which produce background radiation, and (4) basic statistical limitations which result in the detection of a finite number of x-ray photons. Digital beam techniques have been described for supported single-element metal clusters with spatial resolutions of about 10 nm. However, the detection of spurious characteristic x-rays away from catalyst particles produced images requiring several image processing steps.

Plant Pathology Diagnosed by X-Ray Microanalysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 974-975
Author(s):  
J. H. Resau ◽  
N. Howell ◽  
S. H. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
X Ray

Spinach grown in Texas developed “yellow spotting” on the peripheral portions of the leaves. The exact cause of the discoloration could not be determined as there was no evidence of viral or parasitic infestation of the plants and biochemical characterization of the plants did not indicate any significant differences between the yellow and green leaf portions of the spinach. The present study was undertaken using electron microscopy (EM) to determine if a micro-nutrient deficiency was the cause for the discoloration.Green leaf spinach was collected from the field and sent by express mail to the EM laboratory. The yellow and equivalent green portions of the leaves were isolated and dried in a Denton evaporator at 10-5 Torr for 24 hrs. The leaf specimens were then examined using a JEOL 100 CX analytical microscope. TEM specimens were prepared according to the methods of Trump et al.

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