The face(t)s of biotech in the nineties: how the German press framed modern biotechnology

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kohring ◽  
Jörg Matthes
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
German Press ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The following article deals with the different images of modern biotechnology created by the German press in the last decade of the twentieth century. To describe these images we have chosen the theoretical concept of framing, which in general denotes the idea that the media deal with certain issues in different ways and that therefore the coverage offers different perspectives to the reader. We understand a frame as a certain pattern of a text that is composed of several different text elements. We assume that some of these text elements group together systematically in a specific way, thereby forming a certain pattern that can be identified across several texts in a sample. These patterns we call frames. By means of cluster analysis we are able to identify not only predefined but also newly emerging frames and the way framing of an issue changes over time. This methodological approach allows us to give a dynamic overview of how the German press dealt with biotechnology in the early and late nineties.

Conventions and temporal differences in painted faces: A study of posture and color distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
pp. 267-1-267-8
Author(s):  
Mitchell J.P. van Zuijlen ◽  
Sylvia C. Pont ◽  
Maarten W.A. Wijntjes
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Scientific Domain ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The human face is a popular motif in art and depictions of faces can be found throughout history in nearly every culture. Artists have mastered the depiction of faces after employing careful experimentation using the relatively limited means of paints and oils. Many of the results of these experimentations are now available to the scientific domain due to the digitization of large art collections. In this paper we study the depiction of the face throughout history. We used an automated facial detection network to detect a set of 11,659 faces in 15,534 predominately western artworks, from 6 international, digitized art galleries. We analyzed the pose and color of these faces and related those to changes over time and gender differences. We find a number of previously known conventions, such as the convention of depicting the left cheek for females and vice versa for males, as well as unknown conventions, such as the convention of females to be depicted looking slightly down. Our set of faces will be released to the scientific community for further study.

Filthy Material

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Forster
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Literary Value ◽  
Radclyffe Hall ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

Modernist literature is inextricable from the history of obscenity. The trials of such figures as James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, and Radclyffe Hall loom large in accounts of twentieth-century literature. Filthy Material: Modernism and the Media of Obscenity reveals the ways that debates about obscenity and literature were shaped by changes in the history of media. The emergence of film, photography, and new printing technologies shaped how “literary value” was understood, altering how obscenity was defined and which texts were considered obscene. Filthy Material rereads the history of modernist obscenity to discover the role played by technological media in debates about obscenity. The shift from the intense censorship of the early twentieth century to the effective “end of obscenity” for literature at the middle of the century was not simply a product of cultural liberalization but also of a changing media ecology. Filthy Material brings together media theory and archival research to offer a fresh account of modernist obscenity with novel readings of works of modernist literature. It sheds new light on figures at the center of modernism’s obscenity trials (such as Joyce and Lawrence), demonstrates the relevance of the discourse of obscenity to understanding figures not typically associated with obscenity debates (such as T. S. Eliot and Wyndham Lewis), and introduces new figures to our account of modernism (such as Norah James and Jack Kahane). It reveals how modernist obscenity reflected a contest over the literary in the face of new media technologies.

Alcohol and Drug Problems: Law Enforcement and Legal Policy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Celeste Burke
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Face ◽  
Supply Reduction ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Over Time

Historically, U.S. policy has been characterized by long-standing ambivalence evident in the changing emphasis placed on prohibition as the aim of drug policy, and in debate about the relative merits of various approaches to drug control. Often characterized as supply reduction versus demand reduction efforts, significant changes have occurred over time in these efforts, and in the emphasis placed on them. In the last quarter of the twentieth century, U.S. drug policy adopted a more prohibitionist stance, with increased reliance on a variety of law enforcement, and even military actions, to control the supply and use of drugs, even in the face of evidence for the effectiveness of prevention and treatment, and high costs associated with the burgeoning incarceration rates.

scholarly journals THE UBER DRIVER IS NOT AN ENTREPRENEUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCAS CASAGRANDE ◽  
Martín A. M. Zamora ◽  
Carlos F. T. Oviedo
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Media ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Conceptual Relationship ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the conceptual relationship between entrepreneurship and the Uber driver since the company is the pinnacle of a new way of organizing work. It is argued here that, contrary to what is used in numerous articles and in the media, the Uber driver is not an “entrepreneur” but a precarious worker with flexible facilities. Originality/value: With the emergence of a new type of employment contract that is referenced in the labor relations of the company Uber, it becomes necessary to discuss the impacts of this new organization of labor. The conceptual discussion about the framework of the Uber driver is still incipient in the field. The research contributes to a better understanding of the discourse that the worker understood as an entrepreneur legitimizes exploitation. Design/methodology/approach: This is a theoretical-analytical article. Historical and theoretical literature was used to weave how the concept of entrepreneurship emerges historically and changes over time. Also, Uberized labor is compared to Taylorism and Toyotism. Findings: It demonstrates how the Uber driver cannot be considered an entrepreneur in any of the historical concepts. It is also demonstrated that the driver is a precarious employee, with flexible time and automated management, incorporating elements of the work organization of both Taylorism and Toyotism.

scholarly journals Beyond categories: dynamic qualitative analysis of visuospatial representation in arithmetic

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Finesilver
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Concrete Manipulatives ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Visuospatial Representation ◽  
Over Time

AbstractVisuospatial representations of numbers and their relationships are widely used in mathematics education. These include drawn images, models constructed with concrete manipulatives, enactive/embodied forms, computer graphics, and more. This paper addresses the analytical limitations and ethical implications of methodologies that use broad categorizations of representations and argues the benefits of dynamic qualitative analysis of arithmetical-representational strategy across multiple semi-independent aspects of display, calculation, and interaction. It proposes an alternative methodological approach combining the structured organization of classification with the detailed nuance of description and describes a systematic but flexible framework for analysing nonstandard visuospatial representations of early arithmetic. This approach is intended for use by researchers or practitioners, for interpretation of multimodal and nonstandard visuospatial representations, and for identification of small differences in learners’ developing arithmetical-representational strategies, including changes over time. Application is illustrated using selected data from a microanalytic study of struggling students’ multiplication and division in scenario tasks.

Planning in Modern Britain

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
Brian Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post War ◽  
Liberal Moralism ◽  
Over Time

Human beings have always planned, but the meaning, methods, and purpose of planning have changed over time and with circumstance. Planning has been politicized ever more widely as the individual’s ‘personal’ planning has succumbed before, or been reinforced by, planning by the state at its local, national, and international levels. Secularization entails the utopia’s transfer from heaven to earth, and in this process nineteenth-century Chartist populism, liberal moralism, and conservative paternalism all played their part. In the twentieth century, both Labour and Conservative parties merged all three into a statist and interventionist programme accelerated by the interwar depression and by the post-war need to validate democracy in the face of the Soviet pretensions. The essay concludes by discussing the contrasting approaches to planning required in four areas of twentieth-century government: education, welfare, the economy, and the environment.

scholarly journals On the Use of Geographic Information Systems in Economic History: The American Transportation Revolution Revisited

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Atack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Transportation improvements in the nineteenth century loom large in the historiography of the profession during the twentieth century. This article describes the ongoing construction of a historical geographic information systems (GIS) transportation database designed to provide new insights into the impact of the transportation and communications revolution in the continental United States by providing evidence on the spatial dimensions of those changes over time. It also reviews some preliminary findings and reinterpretations based upon these data.

scholarly journals Toward a Political History of Capital?

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Nicolas Delalande
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Political History ◽  
First Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The interaction between economic analysis and political action is one of the major issues raised by Capital in the Twenty-First Century and by any work of political economy. However, the way this interaction works and changes over time is not always clear in Thomas Piketty’s book. This critical review, informed by history and political science, aims to open up three areas of discussion. Are redistributive tax policies a mere accident, produced by the chaotic history of the twentieth century, and, if so, what might their future be? On what grounds could capitalism’s tendency to create inequality be regulated in the absence of any alternative system? Finally, can deliberative democracy offer any solution, or has it already been profoundly weakened by the very economic processes that Piketty’s brings to the fore in his book? A political history of capital seems more essential than ever.

Ten-Year Trends in Bullying and Related Attitudes Among 4th- to 12th-Graders

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Tracy Evian Waasdorp ◽  
Elise T. Pas ◽  
Benjamin Zablotsky ◽  
Catherine P. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
School Level ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
The Media ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Bullying is a significant public health concern, and it has received considerable attention from the media and policymakers over the past decade, which has led some to believe that it is increasing. However, there are limited surveillance data on bullying to inform our understanding of such trends over the course of multiple years. The current study examined the prevalence of bullying and related behaviors between 2005 and 2014 and explored whether any such changes varied across schools or as a function of school-level covariates. METHODS Youth self-reports of 13 indicators of bullying and related behaviors were collected from 246 306 students in 109 Maryland schools across 10 years. The data were weighted to reflect the school populations and were analyzed by using longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling to examine changes over time. RESULTS The covariate-adjusted models indicated a significant improvement over bullying and related concerns in 10 out of 13 indicators (including a decrease in bullying and victimization) for in-person forms (ie, physical, verbal, relational) and cyberbullying. Results also showed an increase in the perceptions that adults do enough to stop bullying and students’ feelings of safety and belonging at school. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of bullying and related behaviors generally decreased over this 10-year period with the most recent years showing the greatest improvements in school climate and reductions in bullying. Additional research is needed to identify factors that contributed to this declining trend.

New texts and old theories

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin Literature ◽  
New Science ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

This chapter describes how the concept of ‘classical’ changes over time by the discovery of new texts. Renaissance scholars collected and printed what they could find. Yet returns soon diminished; and the new science of archaeology could apparently do little to help. However, it gradually became apparent that the cities of the Egyptian Greeks preserved in quantity original books and documents in a way not possible in their motherland. And in one aspect, the papyri are an epiphenomenon of Hellenistic and Roman culture. The twentieth century added to the stock of Greek and Latin literature, slowly and piecemeal. Such finds reminds one how much is lost, and how here and there the lost may be found: new pleasures, new contexts, new interpretations, and new blood for the Classics.

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