Lay understandings of the relationship between race and genetics: Development of a collectivized knowledge through shared discourse

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Michelle Condit ◽  
Roxanne Parrott ◽  
Tina M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Social Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
The Relationship

Throughout the past century, research into human genetics revealed the relationships between biochemistry and various human characteristics in increasing detail. At each step of this path of discovery, social critics warned that knowledge of genetics, and especially social attention to genetics, might heighten racist attitudes. In light of these warnings and the recent sequencing of the Human Genome, it is important to inquire into the interpretations laypersons might hold of the relationship between race and genetics. A variety of recent efforts have described the insufficiency of public opinion polls for arriving at sophisticated understandings of such complex attitudinal structures. Therefore, this essay offers a sketch of some lay understandings of race and genetics in the United States based on a series of focus group sessions. In order to interpret the responses, the analysis employs a novel template for interpreting focus group research based on the theoretical concept of rhetorical formations. This approach reveals the way in which the knowledge of individual members is brought to bear upon collective decision-making through the social process of discussion to produce a pool of information that is similar to expert knowledge, although phrased in a popular vocabulary. Differences in the ways in which cultural groups negotiate this knowledge are discussed.

Understanding the Mood of International Millennials Towards India

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Soumik Parida
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Nation Branding ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Power Study ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
Indian Cinema ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Different Cultures

This chapter explores what triggers international millennials moods in relation to India and its cultural attributes. The theoretical undertaking related to nation branding and soft power study was used as a basis for this research. In the light of the discussion carried out in the chapter, key Indian cultural attributes were briefly discussed. The major cultural attributes extensively discussed during this research were related to Indian cinema, Indian cuisine, religion, spirituality, and yoga. Twenty-two international millennials belonging to four different cultural groups were selected for the focus group research. Their perceptions about India brought out interesting insights in understanding how to promote India among different cultures.

Consensus and Revisionism in Educational History

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Gary McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
History Of Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Educational History ◽  
Historical Revisionism ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education And Social Change ◽  
The Relationship

Historical interpretation is subject to change, a process often described as revisionism. This chapter distinguishes between a basic form of revisionism that changes or erases the past with no respect for evidence and a “historical revisionism” that has developed over the past century to build on, revise, or challenge previous accounts of the past. Historical revisionism is discussed with reference to changing historiographical approaches. It has become central to research in the history of education, for example in the United States and Britain. A broad consensus has been established in the history of education to explore the relationship between education and social change, although this has itself led to fresh debates over the nature of this relationship. These general historiographical developments in the history of education have played themselves out in different nations and regions, albeit at their own pace and at different times.

Accessing Habitus: Relating Structure and Agency through Focus Group Research

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Collective Agency ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
Group Research ◽  
The Relationship

The article focuses on the intersection of theory methodology and empirical research to argue that we can learn about habitus through certain types of focus groups. An account of the relationship between structure, individual and collective agency is developed to provide a grounding for the methodological argument. The article suggests, on the basis of this understanding, that focus groups can be constituted to give us access to interactions which draw upon the collective basis of habitus. Some empirical work is drawn upon for illustrative purposes.

Pilots Who Are Perceived as Unsociable Are Perceived as More Likely to Have a Mental Illness

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Winter ◽  
Stephen Rice
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The mental state of pilots involved in commercial airlines incidents has been the subject of much debate. The current study seeks to use affective theory to address public perceptions of pilot behaviors and likelihood of perceived mental illness. Participants from India and the United States were given hypothetical scenarios about pilots who were presented as either sociable or unsociable. They were asked to give ratings of affective measures and likelihood of mental illness. The results indicate that pilots who were presented as behaving in an unsociable manner were rated as more likely to have a perceived mental illness compared with those who were behaving sociably. Affect appeared to at least partially mediate the relationship between sociability and perceived likelihood of mental illness for both cultural groups.

The Intersection of Law, Ethics, and Public Health in the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Stacie Kershner ◽  
Leslie E. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Public Health Law ◽  
Law And Ethics ◽  
The Relationship

Law has played a critical role in the great public health achievements of the past century, including vaccination, seat belt use, water fluoridation, and tobacco control. Law continues to be an important tool in this century’s efforts to improve the public’s health, including efforts to prevent chronic illnesses related to obesity. Public health law specifies what must be done or what cannot be done, or law may authorize an array of options regarding what actions are permissible to improve the public’s health. Public health ethics can provide a structure for determining which of the permissible actions authorized by law should be taken. This chapter explores public health law, including its sources and its limits, as well as the relationship between public health law and ethics.

Middle East in Sociology, Sociology in the Middle East

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reşat Kasaba
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Security Surveillance ◽  
Middle East Studies ◽  
The Relationship

In the post-9/11 environment, characterized by high security surveillance, the debates about the relationship between academic pursuits and political interests, and the related question of whether area studies or the scientific study of society provides the best way to respond to “national needs,” have gained renewed currency. This chapter examines some of these discussions from a historical perspective by focusing on the relationship between Middle East studies (MES) and sociology as it evolved over the past century or so. The first part of the chapter concentrates on three distinct periods in the history of the relationship between sociology and MES. In each of these periods, sociology and MES started in their separate but parallel trajectories. The second part considers the history of sociology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Unlike in the United States, the connection between area studies and sociology has always been close in MENA.

From Circulation Numbers to Web Analytics

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-35
Author(s):  
Angèle Christin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Web Analytics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
Journalistic Field ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides the structural and historical background for the analysis of web analytics. It traces the distinct relationships and quantitative modes of representation that developed between journalists and their publics over the course of the past century and a half. It also relates developments from the different trajectories of the journalistic field in the United States and France. The chapter offers a comparative genealogy of how the relationship between journalists and their readers shapes current interpretations and debates about web analytics. It also argues how impossible it is to separate the question of publics from the broader and conflicting forces that shape journalistic field.

scholarly journals The Great Disconnect: Reconnecting the Academy to the Profession

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bar Association ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines what the author calls “the great disconnect” between law schools and the profession. After a discussion of the purpose of law school and the current status of the academy and articling, the article traces the history of the relationship between law faculties and the profession over the past century. This relationship has, for the past 50 years, resulted in little connection between the academy and the profession. Recent efforts by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada to regulate curriculum have now made the relationship more important than ever.The author looks at the effect the great disconnect has had on Canadian law schools and makes a number of recommendations on their future relationship with the profession, including institutional links with law societies and the Canadian Bar Association. Curriculum reform can also help bridge the great disconnect by implementing an integrated approach to legal education proposed by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, an approach that is being implemented in many law schools across the United States.

Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Deborah Bybee ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

The Handbook for Focus Group Research.

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
Group Research
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