scholarly journals Global warming potential of the production phase based on the example of a hotel regarding two different construction variants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012232
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Engel ◽  
Manuela Walsdorf-Maul ◽  
Michael Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Production Phase

Abstract The construction industry has a major influence on man-made carbon dioxide emissions. Being sustainable also means reducing or neutralizing our carbon dioxide pollution in the future. This research and the corresponding work are therefore guided by the following question: Is it possible and useful to conduct life cycle assessments and at the same time analyze the environmental impact of the construction sector? In the context of this work, a life cycle assessment of a building is performed using the example of a hotel building. All construction elements of the thermal envelope are examined from an environmental point of view by considering the global warming potential of each part of the construction. The aim of the study is to draw conclusions about the parameters that are decisive for the construction of a hotel building from an ecological standpoint in the production phase. Based on the results of the study, we want to drive the development of a “future” energy performance certificate forward that graphically illustrates the evaluation of buildings under both aspects - energy efficiency (final energy) and sustainability (GWP - global warming potential).

A review on materials and processes for carbon dioxide separation and capture

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110509
Author(s):  
R Maniarasu ◽  
Sushil Kumar Rathore ◽  
S. Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Storage

In today’s world, owing to industrial expansion, urbanization, the rapid growth of the human population, and the high standard of living, the utilization of the most advanced technologies is unavoidable. The enhanced anthropogenic activities worldwide result in a continuous increase in global warming potential, thereby raising a global concern. The constant rise in global warming potential forces the world to mitigate greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is considered as the primary contributor responsible for global warming and climatic changes. The global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions released into the atmosphere can eventually deteriorate the environment and endanger the ecosystem. Combating global warming is one of the main challenges in achieving sustainable development. Carbon capture and storage is a potential solution to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. There are three main methods for carbon capture and storage: post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion. Among them, post-combustion is used in thermal power plants and industrial sectors, all of which contribute a significant amount of carbon dioxide. Different techniques such as physical and chemical absorption, physical and chemical adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation used for carbon capture are thoroughly discussed and presented. Currently, there are various materials including absorbents, adsorbents, and membranes used in carbon dioxide capture. Still, there is a search for new and novel materials and processes for separating and capturing carbon dioxide. This review article provides a comprehensive review of different methods, techniques, materials, and processes used for separating and capturing carbon dioxide from significant stationary point sources.

scholarly journals Carbon Emissions of China’s Cement Packaging: Life Cycle Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5554
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Ma ◽  
Chuandong Li ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment Methodology ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
The Government

China is the largest producer of cement in the world. With this tremendous production of cement, the extensively used cement packaging embodies significant carbon dioxide emissions. However, this has scarcely been investigated. This paper presents the first investigation into three types of cement packaging in China using the life cycle assessment methodology. The carbon dioxide emissions in each production phase of cement packaging were calculated and compared to the emissions in the western, middle, and eastern regions in China. The results show that in the production phase, the consumption of electricity accounted for the highest proportion of total carbon dioxide emissions (23.39–35.14%), followed by the consumption of polypropylene-based material (23.39%). From a packaging perspective, laminated plastic woven bags emitted the most carbon dioxide (0.637 kg/bag), followed by paper–plastic composite bags (0.536 kg/bag) and paper bags (0.022 kg/bag). In regional terms, the western region emitted the most carbon dioxide (3.06 million tons) compared with the eastern (2.01 million tons) and middle (1.81 million tons) regions due to the low bulk rate. Our findings indicate that using paper–plastic composite bags instead of laminated plastic woven bags and using recycled materials instead of new materials in certain production phases can considerably reduce the environmental impacts of cement packaging. The government should encourage the use of non-coal energy power generation for the production phase. Further improvements could focus on the use of bulk cement instead of packaged cement.

scholarly journals Green-house gas mitigation capacity of a small scale rural biogas plant calculations for Bangladesh through a general life cycle assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1023-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khondokar M Rahman ◽  
Lynsey Melville ◽  
David Fulford ◽  
SM Imamul Huq
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Potential Saving ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Calculations towards determining the greenhouse gas mitigation capacity of a small-scale biogas plant (3.2 m3 plant) using cow dung in Bangladesh are presented. A general life cycle assessment was used, evaluating key parameters (biogas, methane, construction materials and feedstock demands) to determine the net environmental impact. The global warming potential saving through the use of biogas as a cooking fuel is reduced from 0.40 kg CO2 equivalent to 0.064 kg CO2 equivalent per kilogram of dung. Biomethane used for cooking can contribute towards mitigation of global warming. Prior to utilisation of the global warming potential of methane (from 3.2 m3 biogas plant), the global warming potential is 13 t of carbon dioxide equivalent. This reduced to 2 t as a result of complete combustion of methane. The global warming potential saving of a bioenergy plant across a 20-year life cycle is 217 t of carbon dioxide equivalent, which is 11 t per year. The global warming potential of the resultant digestate is zero and from construction materials is less than 1% of total global warming potential. When the biogas is used as a fuel for cooking, the global warming potential will reduce by 83% compare with the traditional wood biomass cooking system. The total 80 MJ of energy that can be produced from a 3.2 m3 anaerobic digestion plant would replace 1.9 t of fuel wood or 632 kg of kerosene currently used annually in Bangladesh. The digestate can also be used as a nutrient rich fertiliser substituting more costly inorganic fertilisers, with no global warming potential impact.

scholarly journals Net Global Warming Potential of Spring Wheat Cropping Systems in a Semiarid Region

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Mark Liebig ◽  
David Archer ◽  
Jonathan Halvorson ◽  
Holly Johnson ◽  
Nicanor Saliendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Soc Stocks

Investigations of global warming potential (GWP) of semiarid cropping systems are needed to ascertain agriculture’s contributions to climate regulation services. This study sought to determine net GWP for three semiarid cropping systems under no-tillage management in the northern Great Plains of North America: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)—fallow (SW-F), continuous spring wheat (CSW) and spring wheat—safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)—rye (Secale cereale L.) (SW-S-R). Management records, coupled with published carbon dioxide (CO2) emission estimates, were used to determine emissions from production inputs and field operations. Static chamber methodology was used to measure soil-atmosphere methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes over a 3-year period and changes in profile soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks were determined over 18 years. Carbon dioxide emissions associated with production inputs and field operations were greatest for CSW, intermediate for SW-S-R and lowest for SW-F. All cropping systems were minor CH4 sinks (≤0.5 kg CH4-C ha−1 yr−1) and moderate N2O sources (1.0 to 2.8 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1). No differences in SOC stocks were observed among cropping systems (P = 0.78), nor did SOC stocks change significantly from baseline conditions (P = 0.82). Summing across factors, net GWP was positive for SW-F and CSW, implying net greenhouse gas (GHG) emission to the atmosphere, while net GWP for SW-S-R was negative, implying net GHG uptake. Net GWP, however, did not differ among cropping systems (P = 0.17). Management practices that concurrently improve N use efficiency and increase SOC stocks are needed for semiarid cropping systems to be net GHG sinks.

scholarly journals Carbon footprint of selected building structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 1209 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
J Budajová
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In general, we can call the carbon footprint as emissions of gases that affect the Earth’s climate, while being used by humans. The impact of construction, building materials, structures, or the overall life cycle of a building on the environment is great. Sustainable architecture is gaining more prominence, using reduced carbon footprint. Today’s construction industry is increasingly moving towards sustainable construction, which is constantly being formed. The great weather fluctuations that take place from day to day are forcing us to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. The global warming potential GWP (global warming potential) caused by these greenhouse gas emissions is increased to carbon dioxide CO2 and expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent CO2eq. Using GWP we can determine the carbon footprint of a product. The aim of this paper is to change the three compositions of the perimeter walls using LCA analysis (life cycle assessment) and to choose the composition that has the best carbon footprint and is therefore more advantageous. The need for a sustainable built environment is urgent due to its positive impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Global Warming Potential of Biogenic CO2 Emission in Life Cycle Assessments

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Liu ◽  
Zhonghui Zhang ◽  
Xinfeng Xie ◽  
Zhen Yu ◽  
Klaus von Gadow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments

scholarly journals Environmental impacts of wooden, plastic, and wood-polymer composite pallet: a life cycle assessment approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md.Musharof Hussain Khan ◽  
Ivan Deviatkin ◽  
Jouni Havukainen ◽  
Mika Horttanainen
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Consequential Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Biogenic Carbon ◽  
Wood Polymer Composite

Abstract Purpose Waste recycling is one of the essential tools for the European Union’s transition towards a circular economy. One of the possibilities for recycling wood and plastic waste is to utilise it to produce composite product. This study analyses the environmental impacts of producing composite pallets made of wood and plastic waste from construction and demolition activities in Finland. It also compares these impacts with conventional wooden and plastic pallets made of virgin materials. Methods Two different life cycle assessment methods were used: attributional life cycle assessment and consequential life cycle assessment. In both of the life cycle assessment studies, 1000 trips were considered as the functional unit. Furthermore, end-of-life allocation formula such as 0:100 with a credit system had been used in this study. This study also used sensitivity analysis and normalisation calculation to determine the best performing pallet. Result and discussion In the attributional cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment, wood-polymer composite pallets had the lowest environmental impact in abiotic depletion potential (fossil), acidification potential, eutrophication potential, global warming potential (including biogenic carbon), global warming potential (including biogenic carbon) with indirect land-use change, and ozone depletion potential. In contrast, wooden pallets showed the lowest impact on global warming potential (excluding biogenic carbon). In the consequential life cycle assessment, wood-polymer composite pallets showed the best environmental impact in all impact categories. In both attributional and consequential life cycle assessments, plastic pallet had the maximum impact. The sensitivity analysis and normalisation calculation showed that wood-polymer composite pallets can be a better choice over plastic and wooden pallet. Conclusions The overall results of the pallets depends on the methodological approach of the LCA. However, it can be concluded that the wood-polymer composite pallet can be a better choice over the plastic pallet and, in most cases, over the wooden pallet. This study will be of use to the pallet industry and relevant stakeholders.

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