scholarly journals A Study on the detection and formation mechanisms of ultra-massive black holes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (2) ◽  
pp. 022048
Author(s):  
Hongyu Rao ◽  
Zhongqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Actual Formation

Abstract With the discovery of Ultra-massive black holes and Super-massive black holes, humans have yet to find out the cause of their formation with modern technology. Based on the analysis, we will look at the detection methods and calculation methods for black holes and their mass. Besides, we will also dive deeper into the actual formation of these Ultra-massive black holes. Taking a closer look at black holes’ sizes, there are many black holes between 0.1Ms and up to its maximum 150Ms, but something interesting is that after 150 Ms, we can barely find any black holes bigger than that until we reach black holes with millions of times the mass of our sun. This is quite fascinating, as if the knowledge we have now suggests that bigger black holes are formed through devouring and merging of other black holes. It is simply impossible for some of these black holes to even exist, as looking at the amount of time the universe existed, that is impossible for black holes of this mass to even form. In this paper, the detection method for black holes and black holes’ mass and the formation model of ultra-massive black holes will be discussed, which involves concepts like Quasi Stars and Quasi Black holes. These results shed light for us to discover the formation of ultra-massive black holes.

Reionization of the Universe by Early-formed Massive Black Holes

1996 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Sasaki ◽  
Masayuki Umemura
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
The Universe

scholarly journals The progress of gravitational wave detection in China and its further physical application

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (2) ◽  
pp. 022046
Author(s):  
Zihan Liu ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
Zeyu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Gravitational Wave Detection ◽  
Wave Detection ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Contemporarily, a gravitational wave is one of the most important approaches to gather information from the enormous universe. In short, a gravitational wave is a wave that carries energy, and it is created by the acceleration of massive celestial body propagation with a speed of light. This paper discusses the recent progress of gravitational wave detection in China and clarifies our own opinion on future development. Specifically, a basic description is first presented about the definition and basic knowledge for gravitational wave models and detection methods. Subsequently, this section contains the plan and achievement of the Chinese gravitational wave observatory. Finally, the usages and applications of the gravitational wave to help to detect more phenomena in the universe are demonstrated. These results shed light on a clearer picture of gravitational waves, which may offer a better understanding of the background, principle of detection, and the uses of gravitational waves, i.e., emphasizes its importance in modern astrophysics scientific researches.

scholarly journals Dwarf Galaxies with Optical Signatures of Accreting Massive Black Holes

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S304) ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
Amy Reines ◽  
J. Greene ◽  
M. Geha
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
Cosmological Context ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Stellar Masses

AbstractSupermassive black holes (BHs) live at the heart of essentially all massive galaxies with bulges, power AGN, and are thought to be important agents in the evolution of their hosts. Observations of high-redshift quasars demonstrate that supermassive BHs must start out with masses considerably in excess of normal stellar-mass BHs. However, we do not know how the initial “seed” BHs formed in the early Universe, how massive they were originally, or what types of galaxies they formed in. While direct observations of distant seed BHs and their hosts in the infant Universe are unobtainable with current capabilities, models of BH growth in a cosmological context indicate that present-day dwarf galaxies can place valuable constraints on seed masses and distinguish between various seed formation mechanisms at early times. Using optical spectroscopy from the SDSS, we have systematically assembled the largest sample of dwarf galaxies hosting AGN to date. These dwarf galaxies have stellar masses comparable to the Magellanic Clouds and contain some of the least-massive supermassive BHs known. I will present results from this study and discuss our ongoing efforts to find additional examples of AGN in dwarfs and help constrain theories for the formation of the first seed BHs at high redshift.

scholarly journals How a Star’s Death Can Reveal a Black Hole

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iair Arcavi
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Universe

Studying invisible objects in space that are hundreds of millions of light years away may sound impossible. But, in recent years, astronomers have developed a new way to investigate a type of invisible and distant objects—super-massive black holes. Black holes are the most densely packed objects in the Universe. When stars get close to super-massive black holes they can be torn apart, which produces a relatively brief but informative flash of light. These star-destroying events can help us to discover the locations of the most massive black holes in the Universe, but only if we know how to find and interpret them. In this article, we will discuss different ways we can “see” black holes, and particularly what we do and do not yet understand about stars getting “tidally disrupted” by them. Light YearThe distance light travels in a year, which is 5,878,625,370,000 miles.

Local heating of the universe by the Higgs field

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1841003
Author(s):  
K. M. Belotsky ◽  
A. V. Grobov ◽  
S. G. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Hole Formation ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
The Universe

It is shown that the creation of primordial massive black holes is accompanied by a local heating of the matter. The developed mechanism is based on the interaction of the Higgs field and a scalar field responsible for black hole formation. We also consider dynamical behavior of parameters such as a scale and chemical composition of such heating regions.

Conference Summary

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S336) ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Philip J. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Conference Summary ◽  
Evolved Stars ◽  
The Universe

AbstractIAU Symposium 336, Astrophysical Masers: Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe, took place between 4 - 8 September, 2017 in Cagliari, on the beautiful island of Sardinia. The Symposium, the fifth focusing on masers as a tool for astrophysics, was dedicated to our friend and colleague Malcolm Walmsley, who sadly passed away shortly before the meeting. To quote Karl Menten: “Malcolm made numerous fundamental contributions to our understanding of the physics and chemistry of star formation and the interstellar medium. He was an exceptional scientist, a highly esteemed colleague and a true gentleman”. Vale Malcolm. The topics discussed at the symposium covered a huge range, from star-formation, evolved stars, galaxies and their constituents, super-massive black-holes to cosmology.

scholarly journals Nuclear Star Clusters

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (S316) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Neumayer
Keyword(s):  
Star Clusters ◽  
Elliptical Galaxies ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Strong Function ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Nearby Galaxies ◽  
Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies ◽  
Galaxy Masses ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThe centers of galaxies host two distinct, compact components: massive black holes and nuclear star clusters. Nuclear star clusters are the densest stellar systems in the universe, with masses of ~ 107M⊙and sizes of ~ 5pc. They are almost ubiquitous at the centres of nearby galaxies with masses similar to, or lower than the Milky Way. Their occurrence both in spirals and dwarf elliptical galaxies appears to be a strong function of total galaxy light or mass. Nucleation fractions are up to 100% for total galaxy magnitudes of MB= −19mag or total galaxy luminosities of about LB= 1010L⊙and falling nucleation fractions for both smaller and higher galaxy masses. Although nuclear star clusters are so common, their formation mechanisms are still under debate. The two main formation scenarios proposed are the infall and subsequent merging of star clusters and the in-situ formation of stars at the center of a galaxy. Here, I review the state-of-the-art of nuclear star cluster observations concerning their structure, stellar populations and kinematics. These observations are used to constrain the proposed formation scenarios for nuclear star clusters. Constraints from observations show, that likely both cluster infall and in-situ star formation are at work. The relative importance of these two mechanisms is still subject of investigation.

scholarly journals Formation and early evolution of massive black holes

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S238) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Piero Madau
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Ionization State ◽  
First Stars ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hard Radiation ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThe astrophysical processes that led to the formation of the first seed black holes and to their growth into the supermassive variety that powers bright quasars at z ∼ 6 are poorly understood. In standard ΛCDM hierarchical cosmologies, the earliest massive holes (MBHs) likely formed at redshift z ≳ 15 at the centers of low-mass (M ≳ 5 × 105 M⊙) dark matter “minihalos”, and produced hard radiation by accretion. FUV/X-ray photons from such “miniquasars” may have permeated the universe more uniformly than EUV radiation, reduced gas clumping, and changed the chemistry of primordial gas. The role of accreting seed black holes in determining the thermal and ionization state of the intergalactic medium depends on the amount of cold and dense gas that forms and gets retained in protogalaxies after the formation of the first stars. The highest resolution N-body simulation to date of Galactic substructure shows that subhalos below the atomic cooling mass were very inefficient at forming stars.

scholarly journals The Progress of Black Holes: Principles & Physical Detection Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (2) ◽  
pp. 022047
Author(s):  
Tianyi Chen ◽  
Shutong Ge ◽  
Jiahui Li ◽  
Xuheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Arbitrary Dimensions ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Humans have been trying to explain black holes since the 19th century, using theoretical understanding and observations of the universe. Incandescent body thermal radiation has been the focus of extensive theoretical and experimental research for over a century. This paper will discuss the concept of a black hole and use information retrieval to generate a panoramic image of it. The content illustrates black holes from three different perspectives: description of black holes using mathematical methods and data, models, and detection. A black hole is a controversial object, and no one knows for sure what it is. Indeed, multiple numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the critical behaviors of black holes with various geometrical configurations in arbitrary dimensions. We will sum up the black hole knowledge so far and discuss the recent progress in terms of black hole exploration, i.e., shed light for future black holes model construction and detection.

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