scholarly journals Third party stabilization of unstable coordination in systems of coupled oscillators

2021 ◽  
Vol 2090 (1) ◽  
pp. 012167
Author(s):  
Joseph McKinley ◽  
Mengsen Zhang ◽  
Alice Wead ◽  
Christine Williams ◽  
Emmanuelle Tognoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Coordination Dynamics ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Neural Ensembles ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
Coordination Behavior ◽  
Coupling Parameters ◽  
Rhythmic Coordination

Abstract The Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) system of equations is a well-developed model for dyadic rhythmic coordination in biological systems. It captures ubiquitous empirical observations of bistability – the coexistence of in-phase and antiphase motion – in neural, behavioral, and social coordination. Recent work by Zhang and colleagues has generalized HKB to many oscillators to account for new empirical phenomena observed in multiagent interaction. Utilising this generalization, the present work examines how the coordination dynamics of a pair of oscillators can be augmented by virtue of their coupling to a third oscillator. We show that stable antiphase coordination emerges in pairs of oscillators even when their coupling parameters would have prohibited such coordination in their dyadic relation. We envision two lines of application for this theoretical work. In the social sciences, our model points toward the development of intervention strategies to support coordination behavior in heterogeneous groups (for instance in gerontology, when younger and older individuals interact). In neuroscience, our model will advance our understanding of how the direct functional connection of mesoscale or microscale neural ensembles might be switched by their changing coupling to other neural ensembles. Our findings illuminate a crucial property of complex systems: how the whole is different than the system’s parts.

scholarly journals Social coordination dynamics: Measuring human bonding

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Oullier ◽  
Gonzalo C. de Guzman ◽  
Kelly J. Jantzen ◽  
Julien Lagarde ◽  
J. A. Scott Kelso
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Dynamics ◽  
Social Coordination

Bargaining Models of War and the Stability of Peace in Post-Conflict Societies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Bussmann
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Time Inconsistency ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Security Guarantees ◽  
Commitment Problems

A major challenge for countries that emerge from civil war is the stabilization of the post-conflict order in a way that fighting does not break out again. Recent empirical and theoretical work on the resolution of civil wars and on the duration of peace strongly rely on the bargaining framework of war emphasizing information asymmetries and commitment problems as main reasons for why in some states civil wars recur repeatedly, whereas in other societies a conflict ends and a transition to a peaceful society is successful. The length of peace spells depends partly on information about the distribution of power that became available during the conflict, captured by the duration and intensity of the fighting as well as the type of conflict ending. Information problems are more relevant at earlier stages and with regard to the initiation of negotiations. In finding bargaining deals and securing their implementation, the conflict parties have to overcome commitment problems. The literature has investigated in more detail third-party security guarantees and power-sharing arrangements as mechanisms to get conflict parties to credibly commit to and adhere to a negotiated agreement. Recently, empirical research moved beyond the conclusion of peace agreements to the study of their implementation. Particular challenges for a peaceful order are the demobilization of ex-combatants, which is aggravated by time-inconsistency problems, the timing of elections, and the redistribution of economic resources. Finally, solutions become more difficult in multiparty conflicts and if the armed groups are fragmented.

scholarly journals Why do Public Blockchains Need Formal and Effective Internal Governance Mechanisms?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen YEUNG ◽  
David GALINDO
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Computational Trust ◽  
Regulatory Governance ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
Internal Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Initial Coin Offerings

With the birth and rise of cryptocurrencies following the success of Bitcoin and the popularity of “Initial Coin Offerings”, public awareness of blockchain technologies has substantially increased in recent years. Many blockchain advocates claim that these software artefacts enable radically new forms of decentralised governance by relying upon computational trust created via cryptographic proof, obviating the need for reliance on conventional trusted third-party intermediaries. But these claims rest on some key assumptions, which this paper subjects to critical examination. It asks: can existing mechanisms and procedures for collective decision-making of public blockchains (which we refer to as internal blockchain governance) live up to these ambitions? By drawing upon HLA Hart’s Concept of Law, together with literature from regulatory governance studies, we argue that unless public blockchain systems establish formal and effective internal governance, they are unlikely to be taken up at scale as a tool for social coordination, and are thus likely to remain, at best, a marginal technology.

scholarly journals Embodied economics: how bodily information shapes the social coordination dynamics of decision-making

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1538) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Oullier ◽  
Frédéric Basso
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coordination Dynamics ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Abstract Level

To date, experiments in economics are restricted to situations in which individuals are not influenced by the physical presence of other people. In such contexts, interactions remain at an abstract level, agents guessing what another person is thinking or is about to decide based on money exchange. Physical presence and bodily signals are therefore left out of the picture. However, in real life, social interactions (involving economic decisions or not) are not solely determined by a person's inference about someone else's state-of-mind. In this essay, we argue for embodied economics : an approach to neuroeconomics that takes into account how information provided by the entire body and its coordination dynamics influences the way we make economic decisions. Considering the role of embodiment in economics—movements, posture, sensitivity to mimicry and every kind of information the body conveys—makes sense. This is what we claim in this essay which, to some extent, constitutes a plea to consider bodily interactions between agents in social (neuro)economics.

Solid-state NMR and short-range order in crystalline oxides and silicates: a new tool in paramagnetic resonances

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan F. Stebbins ◽  
Ryan J. McCarty ◽  
Aaron C. Palke
Keyword(s):  
Unpaired Electron ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Short Range Order ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Range Order ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Coupling Parameters ◽  
Types Of Information

Most applications of high-resolution NMR to questions of short-range order/disorder in inorganic materials have been made in systems where ions with unpaired electron spins are of negligible concentration, with structural information extracted primarily from chemical shifts, quadrupolar coupling parameters, and nuclear dipolar couplings. In some cases, however, the often-large additional resonance shifts caused by interactions between unpaired electron and nuclear spins can provide unique new structural information in materials with contents of paramagnetic cations ranging from hundreds of ppm to several per cent and even higher. In this brief review we focus on recent work on silicate, phosphate, and oxide materials with relatively low concentrations of paramagnetic ions, where spectral resolution can remain high enough to distinguish interactions between NMR-observed nuclides and one or more magnetic neighbors in different bonding configurations in the first, second, and even farther cation shells. We illustrate the types of information available, some of the limitations of this approach, and the great prospects for future experimental and theoretical work in this field. We give examples for the effects of paramagnetic transition metal, lanthanide, and actinide cation substitutions in simple oxides, pyrochlore, zircon, monazite, olivine, garnet, pyrochlores, and olivine structures.

scholarly journals Grand Unified Theories of the brain need better understanding of behavior: the two-tiered emergence of function.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIktor Jirsa ◽  
Anthony Randal McIntosh ◽  
Raoul Huys
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Coordination Dynamics ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Over the last few decades, neuroscience, and various associated disciples, has expanded enormously in terms of output, tools, methods, concepts and large-scale projects. In spite of these developments, the principles underlying brain function and behavior are of yet only partially understood. We claim that brain functioning requires the elucidation of the rules associated with all possible task realizations, rather than targeting the activity underlying a specific realization. A first step into that direction was taken by approaches focusing on dynamical structures underlying task performances, as exemplified by Coordination Dynamics. Theoretically, this approach is founded on Haken’s Synergetics, which provides a mechanism through which the degrees of freedom associated with high-dimensional systems may be effectively reduced to one or a few functional ones. This dimensionality reduction, however, is only valid in the vicinity of phase transitions, which severely limits the framework’s domain of explanation. This limitation does not hold for the recently advanced framework of Structured Flows on Manifolds (SFM), which is similar in spirit yet complementary to Synergetics. Following novel theoretical work on the onset, propagation, and offset of epileptic seizures, we expand the SFM framework, and propose that the resulting two-tiered fast-slow dynamics may be a generic mathematical organization underlying and linking brain and behavior.

The many faces of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract My response to the commentaries focuses on four issues: (1) the diversity both within and between cultures of the many different faces of obligation; (2) the possible evolutionary roots of the sense of obligation, including possible sources that I did not consider; (3) the possible ontogenetic roots of the sense of obligation, including especially children's understanding of groups from a third-party perspective (rather than through participation, as in my account); and (4) the relation between philosophical accounts of normative phenomena in general – which are pitched as not totally empirical – and empirical accounts such as my own. I have tried to distinguish comments that argue for extensions of the theory from those that represent genuine disagreement.

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