scholarly journals Integrated studies to investigate paleochannel aquifer in Dan Chang District, Suphan Buri Province, Western Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 2145 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
S Muangnoi ◽  
N Chaimanee ◽  
P Pananont
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Groundwater Yield ◽  
Integrated Studies ◽  
2D Resistivity

Abstract Climate change is currently causing droughts in many parts of Thailand, especially in Dan Chang District, Suphan Buri Province where many areas are outside irrigation coverage and deep groundwater explorations are less successful due to groundwater shortages. Therefore, there is a need to explore other shallow groundwater (i.e. less than 15 m deep) resources to relieve the drought problems in the communities. This work uses integrated studies of remote sensing, geology and geophysics to identify the location of a paleochannel that contains shallow groundwater resources in the Nong Makha Mong Subdistrict, Dan Chang District, Suphan Buri Province. Potential sites were selected using preliminary remote sensing analysis along with field surveys. A high-resolution topography map from aerial photos was generated and 2D resistivity imaging surveys were conducted at the selected sites to delineate the location of the paleochannel. The drilled wells prove the success of the integrated study to identify the shallow groundwater in the paleochannel at a depth of 3 to 15 m with a groundwater yield of 4 m3/h. The sediments from the borehole suggest that a combination of alluvial deposits and fluvial sediments. Due to the relative lower cost of drilling shallow wells, this work could be used as a pilot project for local communities to explore shallow groundwater aquifers in paleochannels in areas that face a severe drought crisis and have very little deep groundwater potential.

scholarly journals Paleovalleys mapping using remote sensing

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-5 ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
A.B. Baibatsha
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
North East ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Tectonic Zones ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Digital Elevation Model Data

For work materials used multispectral satellite imagery Landsat (7 channels), medium spatial resolution (14,25–90 m) and a digital elevation model (data SRTM). For interpretation of satellite images and especially their infrared and thermal channels allocated buried paleovalleys pre-paleogene age. Their total length is 228 km. By manifestation of the content of remote sensing paleovalleys distinctly divided into two types, long ribbon-like read in materials and space survey highlights a network of small lakes. By the nature of the relationship established that the second type of river paleovalleys flogs first. On this basis, proposed to allocate two uneven river paleosystem. The most ancient paleovalleys first type can presumably be attributed to karst erosion, blurry chalk and carbon deposits foundation. Paleovalleys may include significant groundwater resources as drinking and industrial purposes. Also we can control the position paleovalleys zinc and bauxite mineralization area and alluvial deposits include uranium mineralization valleys infiltration type and placer gold. Direction paleovalleys choppy, but in general they have a north-east orientation, which is controlled by tectonic zones of the foundation. These zones are defined as the burial place themselves paleovalleys and position of karst cavities in areas interfacing with other structures orientation. The association of mineralization to the caverns in the beds paleovalleys could generally present conditions of formation of mineralization and carry it to the "Niagara" type. The term is obviously best reflects the mechanism of formation of these ores.

scholarly journals Analysis of the potential contamination risk of groundwater resources circulating in areas with anthropogenic activities

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Spizzico ◽  
N. Lopez ◽  
D. Sciannamblo
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Contamination Risk ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Abstract. The area investigated is located in the province of Brindisi (Italy). It is a generally flat area separated from the nearby carbonatic plateau of the Murgia by quite indistinct and high fault scarps. As regards the geological features, carbonatic basement rocks and post-cretaceous terrains made up of calabrian calcarenites and middle-upper Pleistocenic marine terraced deposits can be distinguished. In the examined area there are two different hydrogeological environments. The first is represented by deep groundwater, the main groundwater resource in Apulia. The second hydrogeological environment, now of lesser importance than the deep aquifer in terms of size and use, is made up of some small shallow groundwater systems situated in post-calabrian sands and located in the eastern area. During some sampling cycles carried out in the studied area, water was withdrawn from both the deep aquifer and from the shallow groundwater. For every sample, the necessary parameters were determined for the physical and chemical characterisation of two different hydrogeological environments. Moreover, some chemical parameters indicating anthropogenic activities were determined. Analysis of the aerial distribution of the measured parameters has shown some main areas subject to different conditions of contamination risk, in accordance with the hydrogeological and geological features of the investigated area. In the south-eastern part of the investigated area, the important action performed by the surface aquifer for protecting the deep groundwater from contamination of anthropogenic origin is clear. On the other hand, in the shallow groundwater, areas of nitrate and nitrite contamination have been identified, which result from the extensive use of fertilizers.

scholarly journals Optimizing Groundwater Aquifers Potential in The Development of Irrigation Wells for Agriculture Using Geo-Electrical Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustadi , O T Purwadi, I G B Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Electrical Method ◽  
Groundwater Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Bedrock Depth ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
2D Resistivity

The identification of shallow groundwater aquifers is demanded to sustain the balance of utilization in agriculture and anticipate frictions that can occur due to the overlapping usage of groundwater resources. This study is aimed to identify the potential of groundwater resources based on the thickness and depth of the groundwater aquifer. Geoelectric resistivity methods have done with vertical electrical sounding (VES) and horizontal profiling techniques (2D mapping). The VES data acquisition was carried out with a Schlumberger array while 2D mapping by alpha Wenner array. Inversion results of vertical electrical sounding (VES) show that groundwater resistivity values in sedimentary rocks ranged from 1 to 100 ?m and in igneous rocks between 0.5 - 150 ?m. The results of 2D Resistivity Mapping also show that shallow aquifer depth ranged from 1 to 5 m with a thickness ranged from 15 m to more than 70 m. Meanwhile, bedrock depth ranged from 20 to 150 m with a pattern deeper to the west. Furthermore, the potential of groundwater aquifers in the development of irrigation wells for agriculture should be carried out in the western part of the study area.   Keywords: Groundwater, Shallow Aquifer, Rock Resistivity, Irrigation Well, Geo-Electrical Sounding.

Groundwater Yield Modeling in the Floodplain of Hadejia, Northwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Abubakar Tukur ◽  
Maharazu Yusuf ◽  
Adnan Abdulhamid ◽  
Da’u Umar ◽  
Hamza Isiyaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Groundwater Yield ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

This paper proposed a model explaining variation of shallow groundwater yield and dynamic level with respect to river location in the floodplain of Hadejia, along Hadejia River Basin of Jigawa State, Northwestern Nigeria. To achieve the aim, six transects were established within one km2 of floodplain and were oriented perpendicular to the river channel. Three tube wells were sampled and positioned along each transect at regular intervals making a total of 18 wells. Pumping test, which was repeated four times at 15 minutes interval in both morning and evening hours was used to measure groundwater yield. Multivariate statistical tools such as analysis of variance, Pearson product moment correlation, and cluster analysis were used, respectively, to test the research hypothesis and to classify sampling points into similar groups based on groundwater yield. Results show that the average yield of wells for evening hours recorded a higher yield of 3.3 L/s (55.93%) than the yield in the morning hours of 2.6 L/s (44.07%). Further, the 2-way ANOVA at 5% level of significance showed no significant difference in the groundwater yield related to relative location of wells in morning (p value, 0.30>0.05) and evening (p value, 0.21>0.05) hours. The results of ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference between the points. It suggests that the adopted model can be applied in other similar sedimentary basins with a view to validating it. A decision support system is recommended among the strategies to improve groundwater resources management in the area.

scholarly journals Climate Resilient Deep Groundwater Investigation and Development in the Ogaden Jesoma Sandstone Aquifers of Somali Region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Godfrey ◽  
Getachew Hailemicheal ◽  
Charles Serele
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Somali Region

Groundwater is the most extracted raw material in the world with global annual withdrawal rates of 800–1500 km3/year. In East and Southern Africa, 70 % of the population are reliant on shallow groundwater as their primary drinking water source. With increased population growth, intensification of agriculture and industrialization, conflicting demands on groundwater present a challenge to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (6,3,11,12,15). Between 2015 and 2018, the Horn of Africa was affected by a series of climatic induced events, namely El Nino, La Nina and the Indian Ocean Diopole. These events modified the variability of rainfall patterns and resulted in long periods of low rainfall, low recharge and high evapotranspiration. As a result, shallow aquifers in alluvial deposits of Somali region have low yields and produce brackish and saline water. That situation prompted humanitarian water professionals to finance the transportation of water from selected locations with high groundwater potential through water trucks to areas facing groundwater depletion and drought. To address this challenge, UNICEF explored alternative, sustainable deeper groundwater sources that could be extracted using solar water pumping technology for multi water use. This paper describes a three-phase methodology of deep groundwater development of wells in the Ogaden Jesoma sandstone aquifers of the Somali region of the Horn of Africa to a depth of 600 meters below ground level. The results concluded that the deep sandstone aquifer of Jesoma can provide fresh water with yields of 15 l/s to the local population of Somali region. to the study provided insights into deep groundwater identification and development as well as adaptive deep boreholes drilling as a source for climate resilient water supplies.

scholarly journals Characterization of spatial coseismic response of groundwater levels in shallow and deep parts of an alluvial plain to different earthquakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 5317-5354
Author(s):  
M. Parvin ◽  
N. Tadakuma ◽  
H. Asaue ◽  
K. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. Coseismic changes in groundwater levels have been investigated in many places throughout the world, but most studies have focused on the effects of one large earthquake. Few studies have looked at the spatial patterns of level changes in response to several earthquakes, or at the relationship of the patterns to shallow and deep groundwater in the same area. The aim of this study was to investigate these patterns and to construct a model of hydraulic responses. We selected the Kumamoto City area in southwest Japan, a region with one of the richest groundwater resources in Japan, as our study site. Data from hourly measurements of groundwater levels in 54 wells were used to characterize the coseismic spatial responses to four large earthquakes that occurred in 2000, 2001, 2005, and 2008. Although the distance to the epicenter (12 to 2573 km), and seismic energy (Mw = 4.8 to 8.0) of these earthquakes varied, systematic groundwater level changes were observed in the range of 0.01 to 0.67 m. The zones where coseismic rises were observed were generally wider for deep groundwater than for shallow groundwater. We observed general trends in the changes in groundwater levels, and calculated pressure changes, in the deep groundwater, but the coseismic increases or decreases in compressive stress in the shallow groundwater were variable, depending on the distance to the earthquake epicenter. We developed a conceptual model of the mechanism underlying this phenomenon and also investigated the importance of Togawa lava, consisting of porous andesite and forming a main aquifer, in determining the pattern of groundwater level change.

The Bolivian Drought Monitor: an operational tool, calibrated on impact records, to identify and communicate drought severity conditions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauro Rossi ◽  
Alessandro Masoero ◽  
Anna Mapelli ◽  
Fabio Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Civil Defence

<p>Within the framework of the CIF financed “Pilot Program for Climate Resilience”, the Drought Monitoring and Early Warning System for Bolivia was developed and implemented. The system is operational since July 2020 and aims at detecting emerging severe drought conditions in the country, in order to trigger timely warnings to stakeholders and the general public.</p><p>The Bolivian Drought Monitor has two main components: a technical one (data gathering and analysis, performed through the multi-hazard early warning “myDEWETRA” platform) and an institutional one (creating consensus and disseminating warnings). The system design followed a participatory approach, involving since the early stages the Ministry for Water and Environment (MMAyA), the National Hydrometeorological Service (SENAMHI), the Vice-Ministry for Civil Defence (VIDECI). These institutions actively contribute to the monthly edition of the drought bulletin, each one for its own sector of competence, through a dedicated IT tool for synchronous compilation. Ongoing drought conditions are reported in a national bulletin, issued monthly and published on a dedicated public website: http://monitorsequias.senamhi.gob.bo/</p><p>Given the Bolivian data-poor context, analysis strongly relies on a large variety of multi-source satellite products, spanning from well consolidated ones in the operational practice to more experimental ones such as from the SMAP mission. This information is used to monthly refresh the spatial maps of 17 indexes covering meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts for different aggregation periods (from 1 to 12 months). Simulation of the system performance over a long period (2002-2019) and comparison with recorded socio-economic drought impacts  from the National Disaster Observatory (Observatorio Nacional de Desastres- OND) of the Vice-Ministry of Civil Defence (VIDECI) was used to define a most representative compound index, based on a weighted combination of a selection of 4 indexes with their related thresholds. The combination of 3-month SPEI, 2-month SWDI, 1-month VHI and 1-month FAPAR indexes performed the best in the comparison with impact records. This combination encompasses both the medium-term effects of meteorological and hydrological deficits (3-month SPEI and SWDI), both the short-term effects on vegetation (1-month VHI and FAPAR). This set of indexes proved to be a solid proxy in estimating possible impacts on population of ongoing or incoming drought spells, as happened for most significant recent drought events occurred in Bolivia, such as the 2010 event in the Chaco region and the 2016 drought event in the Altiplano and Valles regions, that heavily affected the water supply in several major cities (La Paz, Sucre, Cochabamba, Oruro and Potosí).</p><p>The design of the monitoring and bulletin management platform, together with its strong remote-sensing base, give to the system a high potential for easy export to other regional and national contexts. Also, the variety of the different computed drought indexes and the replicability of the procedure for the best compound index identification will allow for efficient evolutionary maintenance as new remote-sensing products will be available in the future.</p>

Joint full-waveform GPR and ER inversion applied to field data acquired on the surface

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-77
Author(s):  
diego domenzain ◽  
John Bradford ◽  
Jodi Mead
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Stable Source ◽  
Ground Penetrating

We exploit the different but complementary data sensitivities of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity (ER) by applying a multi-physics, multi-parameter, simultaneous 2.5D joint inversion without invoking petrophysical relationships. Our method joins full-waveform inversion (FWI) GPR with adjoint derived ER sensitivities on the same computational domain. We incorporate a stable source estimation routine into the FWI-GPR.We apply our method in a controlled alluvial aquifer using only surface acquired data. The site exhibits a shallow groundwater boundary and unconsolidated heterogeneous alluvial deposits. We compare our recovered parameters to individual FWI-GPR and ER results, and to log measurements of capacitive conductivity and neutron-derived porosity. Our joint inversion provides a more representative depiction of subsurface structures because it incorporates multiple intrinsic parameters, and it is therefore superior to an interpretation based on log data, FWI-GPR, or ER alone.

scholarly journals Hydrogeological Classification and the Correlation of Groundwater Chemistry with Basin Flow in the South-Western Part of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahpara Sheikh Dola ◽  
Khairul Bahsar ◽  
Mazeda Islam ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Type Water

Attempt has been made to find the relationship between the basin groundwater flow and the current water chemistry of south-western part of Bangladesh considering their lithological distribution and aquifer condition. The correlation of water chemistry and basin groundwater flow is depicted in the conceptual model. The water-types of shallow groundwater are predominantly Mg-Na-HCO3 and Ca- Mg-Na-HCO3 type. In the deep aquifer of upper delta plain is predominately Na-Cl, Ca-HCO3 and Mg- HCO3 type. In the lower delta plain Na-Cl type of water mainly occurs in the shallow aquifer and occasionally Ca-HCO3, Ca-Mg-Na-HCO3 and Mg-HCO3 type may also occur in shallow aquifer of the eastern part of lower delta plain which could have originated from the recent recharge of rain water. Na- Cl type water is also found in the deep aquifer of lower delta plain. The origin of Na-Cl type water in the deep aquifer of lower delta part might be connate water or present day sea water intrusion. Fresh water occurring in the deep aquifer in the lower delta area is mostly of Mg-Ca-HCO3 and Na-HClO3 types. This type of water originate from intermediate or deep basin flow from the northern part of Bangladesh. The probable source of deep groundwater is Holocene marine transgression (Khan et al. 2000) occurred in 3000–7000 cal years BP and the deep groundwater of Upper Delta plain and Lower Delta plain is clearly influenced by deep basin flow coming from north part of BangladeshJournal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 1, 41-54, 2018

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