scholarly journals Hydrogeological Classification and the Correlation of Groundwater Chemistry with Basin Flow in the South-Western Part of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahpara Sheikh Dola ◽  
Khairul Bahsar ◽  
Mazeda Islam ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Type Water

Attempt has been made to find the relationship between the basin groundwater flow and the current water chemistry of south-western part of Bangladesh considering their lithological distribution and aquifer condition. The correlation of water chemistry and basin groundwater flow is depicted in the conceptual model. The water-types of shallow groundwater are predominantly Mg-Na-HCO3 and Ca- Mg-Na-HCO3 type. In the deep aquifer of upper delta plain is predominately Na-Cl, Ca-HCO3 and Mg- HCO3 type. In the lower delta plain Na-Cl type of water mainly occurs in the shallow aquifer and occasionally Ca-HCO3, Ca-Mg-Na-HCO3 and Mg-HCO3 type may also occur in shallow aquifer of the eastern part of lower delta plain which could have originated from the recent recharge of rain water. Na- Cl type water is also found in the deep aquifer of lower delta plain. The origin of Na-Cl type water in the deep aquifer of lower delta part might be connate water or present day sea water intrusion. Fresh water occurring in the deep aquifer in the lower delta area is mostly of Mg-Ca-HCO3 and Na-HClO3 types. This type of water originate from intermediate or deep basin flow from the northern part of Bangladesh. The probable source of deep groundwater is Holocene marine transgression (Khan et al. 2000) occurred in 3000–7000 cal years BP and the deep groundwater of Upper Delta plain and Lower Delta plain is clearly influenced by deep basin flow coming from north part of BangladeshJournal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 1, 41-54, 2018

scholarly journals Analysis of the potential contamination risk of groundwater resources circulating in areas with anthropogenic activities

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Spizzico ◽  
N. Lopez ◽  
D. Sciannamblo
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Contamination Risk ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Abstract. The area investigated is located in the province of Brindisi (Italy). It is a generally flat area separated from the nearby carbonatic plateau of the Murgia by quite indistinct and high fault scarps. As regards the geological features, carbonatic basement rocks and post-cretaceous terrains made up of calabrian calcarenites and middle-upper Pleistocenic marine terraced deposits can be distinguished. In the examined area there are two different hydrogeological environments. The first is represented by deep groundwater, the main groundwater resource in Apulia. The second hydrogeological environment, now of lesser importance than the deep aquifer in terms of size and use, is made up of some small shallow groundwater systems situated in post-calabrian sands and located in the eastern area. During some sampling cycles carried out in the studied area, water was withdrawn from both the deep aquifer and from the shallow groundwater. For every sample, the necessary parameters were determined for the physical and chemical characterisation of two different hydrogeological environments. Moreover, some chemical parameters indicating anthropogenic activities were determined. Analysis of the aerial distribution of the measured parameters has shown some main areas subject to different conditions of contamination risk, in accordance with the hydrogeological and geological features of the investigated area. In the south-eastern part of the investigated area, the important action performed by the surface aquifer for protecting the deep groundwater from contamination of anthropogenic origin is clear. On the other hand, in the shallow groundwater, areas of nitrate and nitrite contamination have been identified, which result from the extensive use of fertilizers.

Geochemical Approaches to Understanding a Shallow Groundwater Flow in the Kanamaru Uranium Mineralization Area (Japan)

2005 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regis Bros ◽  
Yoji Seki ◽  
Atsushi Kamei ◽  
Yutaka Kanai ◽  
Koichi Okuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Vertical Diffusion ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Groundwater Systems

AbstractPredicting the behaviour of radioactive wastes can be facilitated by comparison with the evolution of natural groundwater systems. During a study of the Kanamaru U mineralization (Japan), geochemical approaches for understanding a shallow (0-50 m) fresh groundwater flow system are being assessed. Deep granitic waters are Ca-HCO3-dominated and slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. Shallow waters within sediments display lower pH and they are more dilute. Halide concentrations suggest the existence of a non marine Br-rich and Cl-depleted deep groundwater in the basement. 234U/238U and 230Th/234U activity ratios in the mineralized sedimentary rocks indicate that U mobilization took place within the last 350,000 years. U dissolution currently continues and it is controled by lateral groundwater flow whereas vertical diffusion appears negligible. Dissolved alkaline earths concentrations and the 87Sr/86Sr ratio indicate that solutes exchanges take place through uppermost low permeable granite followed by mixing with more dilute and Cl-type shallow groundwater.

scholarly journals Hydrostratigraphic Framework and Physicochemical Status of Groundwater in the Gioia Tauro Coastal Plain (Calabria—Southern Italy)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3279
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cianflone ◽  
Giovanni Vespasiano ◽  
Rosanna De Rosa ◽  
Rocco Dominici ◽  
Carmine Apollaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Deep Aquifer

In this study, we analysed the Gioia Tauro Plain (Tyrrhenian coast, southern Italy) in terms of hydrostratigraphy and the physicochemical status of groundwater. We investigated the hydrostratigraphic framework of the area identifying a deep aquifer (made by late Miocene succession), an aquitard (consisting of Pliocene clayey and silty deposits) and a shallow aquifer (including Late Pleistocene and Holocene marine and alluvial sediments) using subsoil data (boreholes and geophysics). Our reconstruction showed that the structural geology controls the spatial pattern of the aquitard top and the shallow aquifer thickness. Furthermore, we evaluated the hydraulic conductivity for the shallow aquifer using an empirical method, calibrated by slug tests, obtaining values ranging from 10−4 to 10−5 m/s with a maximum of 10−3 m/s located close to inland dune fields. The piezometric level of the shallow aquifer recorded a significant drop between the 1970s and 2021 (−35 m as the worst value). It is the effect of climate and soil use changes, the latter being the increased water demand for kiwi cultivation. Despite the overexploitation of the shallow aquifer, shallow groundwater is fresh (736 µS/cm as mean electrical conductivity) except for a narrow coastal area where the electrical conductivity is more than 1500 µS/cm, which can be due to the seawater intrusion. What was more complex was the physicochemical status of the deep aquifer characterised by high temperature (up to 25.8 °C) and electrical conductivity up to 10,520 µS/cm along the northern and southern plain boundaries marked by tectonic structures. This issue suggested the dominant role of the local fault system that is likely affecting the deep groundwater flow and its chemical evolution.

scholarly journals The provenance of deep groundwater and its relation to arsenic distribution in the northwestern Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 09015
Author(s):  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Huaming Guo ◽  
Hai Lu ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Weiguang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Incongruent Dissolution ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Arsenic Distribution ◽  
Fissure Water ◽  
High Arsenic

High arsenic (As) groundwater has been found in deep aquifer of the northwestern Hetao Basin. Little is known about the source of high As deep groundwater and its role in As distribution. Based on strontium (Sr) isotopes, this study aims to investigate the provenance of high arsenic deep groundwater (DGW). 87Sr/86Sr in DGW gradually decreased from the alluvial fans to the flat plain. Results show that fissure water, plagioclase dissolution, and shallow groundwater (SGW) controlled the 87Sr/86Sr variation. Although the reductive dissolution of As-containing iron oxide controlled the As mobilization, the leaching of phyllite and meta-basalt, incongruent dissolution of plagioclase, and vertical mixing with SGW also played an important role in increasing As concentrations in DGW approximately along the flow paths.

scholarly journals Assessment of river water–groundwater–seawater interactions in the coastal delta of Bangladesh based on hydrochemistry and salinity distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushanta Kumar Roy ◽  
Anwar Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
River Water ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Hydrochemical Facies ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Salinity Distribution ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Groundwater Flow Direction

AbstractA synchronization study among hydrochemistry, hydrochemical facies evaluation, EC observation, salinity distribution and groundwater flow direction has been addressed to assess river water–groundwater–seawater interactions in the coastal delta of southern Bangladesh. The findings show that river water, shallow groundwater and deep groundwater interact with seawater at various intensities within the complex dynamics of hydrochemical facies evaluation. Deep groundwater is intensively influenced by seawater, where shallow groundwater is moderately affected and river water is very negligibly affected. Major cation and anion have been plotted in the Piper diagrams and hydrochemical facies diagrams (HFE-D) to clarify the result. More than 60% of the water samples of the river lie on the Ca-HCO3 (or Mg-HCO3) facies quadrant, and more than 70% of the shallow groundwater samples and more than 95% of the deep groundwater samples lie on the Na-Cl facies quadrant of the HFE-D diagram. River water types are dissimilar, and approximately 82% of facies are characterized by freshening phases and 18% by intrusion phases. Mixed water types with predominate of Na-Cl were observed in shallow groundwater where the hydrochemical facies are characterized by 53 percent freshening phases and 47 percent intrusion phases. Deep groundwater hydrochemistry clearly indicates the dominant Na-Cl type of water in the study area where only four hydrochemical facies are observed and 78 percent correspond to the intrusion phases and 22 percent to the freshening phases. Both direct and reverse cation exchange reactions take place in shallow groundwater, where deep groundwater is predominantly characterized by reverse cation exchange reactions. Two end members: seawater of Bay of Bengal and freshwater, contribute to the exchange reactions in the coastal aquifer of the study area. In terms of nitrate contamination, river waters are affected by negligible to low concentrations, shallow groundwater is affected by moderate to high concentrations and deep groundwater is affected by moderate to very high nitrate concentrations. Dissimilarity in electrical conductivity (EC) values, variation of salinity distribution maps and groundwater flow direction suggest the possible interconnections among river water, groundwater and aquifer sediments. Significant concentrations of Na+ and Cl− ions lead to seawater contamination in groundwater, and HCO3− along with Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ in river water suggests mixing of freshwater and seawater, which could have adverse effects both in coastal delta aquatic life and in agriculture.

Investigation of Groundwater Potential in Melaka District of Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 4553-4556
Author(s):  
S.M. Shirazi ◽  
Imran Hosen ◽  
Mohammad Sholichin ◽  
Shatirah Akib
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Deep Boreholes

The paper assesses groundwater quality and productivity in Melaka, Peninsular Malaysia. 238 data set shallow boreholes, 20 data set deep boreholes were collected and continuous pumping test data were used to determine productivity of the aquifers. 68 water samples were tested for water quality. The productivity of the wells and the characteristics of the aquifer were evaluated by pumping test using both the constant discharge rate and steps drawdown methods. The potential of shallow groundwater is low with average discharge <5 m3/hour. The potential of deep groundwater is high category with average discharge > 20 m3/hour. The results show that 32% (538 km2) from total area of Melaka district (1650 km2) is low potential categories, 56% (922 km2) is moderate and 12% (194 km2) is high. Based on the chemical data, the quality of deep aquifer is fresh. Therefore, it is available for drinking water with minimum treatment.

scholarly journals Analysis and evaluation of the renewability of the deep groundwater in the Huaihe River Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Sun ◽  
Jin Lin ◽  
Weizu Gu ◽  
Xing Min ◽  
Jiangbo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
River System ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Huai River

AbstractGroundwater is the major source for resident drinking, industrial development, and agricultural irrigation in the Huai River Basin (HRB). With the development of industry and agriculture, exploitation of the deep groundwater increases dramatically in the HRB in recent years. Therefore, analysis and evaluation the renewability of the deep groundwater in the HRB is critical. In our study, a total of 390 groundwater samples were collected along four profiles in 35 cities and counties within the HRB to obtain their hydrochemical characteristics and isotopic data. Based on the isotopic data of these samples, three deep groundwater subsystems: the Shaying River System, the Guohe River System, and the Ancient Yellow River System were identified. The further comparison indicates that the deep and shallow groundwater systems of Guohe River System and Shaying River System have good differentiation. While, the connection of deep and shallow aquifer of Ancient Yellow River System is strong. According to the calculation results based on the combination of stable isotopes and water chemistry, the renewable ability of deep groundwater of Ancient Yellow River, Shaying river, and Guo river are 36%, 22%, and 12%, respectively, which implies faster renewal rate and greater exploitation potential.

scholarly journals Aquifer Geometry and Water Quality in Relation to Occurrence and Distribution of Peat in Baghia-Chanda Beel, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-370
Author(s):  
F. Ferdous ◽  
M. R. Rafiq ◽  
M. I. Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Quaternary Period ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Geochemical Evaluation ◽  
Aquifer Geometry

Baghia-Chanda Beel, largest peat basin in Madaripur and Gopalganj (Bangladesh) districts occupies thick deposits of peat. Study focuses on the aquifer geometry and geochemical evaluation of groundwater in relation to occurrence and distribution of peat. Landuse map is generated to show the surface distribution of peat. Thick peat and clay layer respectively, with an average thickness of 7 ft, has been observed throughout the study area. Principal productive aquifer about 40 ft thick, is found at depth between 35 to 145 ft below ground surface. According to pH and EC values, groundwater is mildly acidic to slightly alkaline and fresh to brackish. High bicarbonate concentration which is more likely to be attributed from the oxidative degradation of peat is found at shallow aquifer below peat. Elevated sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) concentrations in deep aquifer are due to the trapping of ancient sea water in the subsurface during Quaternary period. Although  deep aquifer is extensively low in arsenic, 68% and 44% shallow groundwater samples are arsenic (As) contaminated according to WHO, 2011 and Bangladesh Drinking Water Standard (DoE, 1997) limit respectively. Assessment of Water Quality Indexes (WQI>100) suggests that water from deep aquifer is more suitable for drinking purposes.

scholarly journals Groundwater Flow Model In The Center Of West Progo Dome, Kaligesing, Purworejo, Central Java And Its Surrounding Area, Based On Hydrochemical And Isotopic Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 227-241
Author(s):  
T. Listyani R.A. ◽  
◽  
Nana Sulaksana ◽  
Boy Yoseph C.S.S.S.A. ◽  
Adjat Sudradjat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Groundwater Flow Model ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Hydrogeological Study

Groundwater studies were carried out in the center of the West Progo Dome, at Kaligesing, Purworejo District, Central Java, and its surrounding area, with an emphasis on hydrochemical problems. As a water-scarce area, groundwater studies are urgently needed in this area. This research is intended as a hydrogeological study with the aim of knowing the conceptual groundwater flow model in the study area. The method used is a field hydrogeological survey as well as hydrochemical and natural isotope analysis supported by chemical and groundwater isotope data. Less clear hydrochemical evolution indicates that the process of groundwater flow is dominant in the local flow system. Groundwater facies is dominated by bicarbonate type, neutral pH, relatively low total dissolved solid (TDS), and electric conductivity (EC), and influenced by season or rainfall. The dominant hydrochemical processes in the groundwater system are leaching, ion exchange, sulfate reduction, and dilution. Groundwater facies is determined by the rock minerals marked by differences in hardness and TDS. Whereas, stable isotope contents of groundwater vary from light to heavy. Springs with light isotopes show the circulation of deep groundwater flow or from a relatively high recharge zone, either locally or from other places around it. Isotopic enrichment in all seasons can occur due to evaporation or mixing with surface water that has undergone previous evapotranspiration, indicated by increasing of heavy isotopes or δD-excess (d) of groundwater. There are two types of groundwater flow patterns, namely shallow and deep groundwater flow patterns. Shallow groundwater is characterized by heavy isotopes, shifted with relatively small d. Deep groundwater circulation pattern is characterized by a consistent, light δD value and appreciable d.

scholarly journals Groundwater Circulation in the Xianshui River Fault Region: A Hydrogeochemical Study

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3310
Author(s):  
Yuqing Zhao ◽  
You-Kuan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Yang ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Sa Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater System ◽  
Groundwater Circulation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The One ◽  
Fault Region

Water samples from rainfall, river, springs, and wells in the Xianshui River fault region near Xialatuo, China were collected during two sampling campaigns to investigate the complex groundwater circulation in the region. The major ions, stable isotopes, and four natural radium isotopes of the water samples were analyzed, and the results were utilized to identify different groundwater circulation depths. Most water samples excluding the one at a hot spring and the one at a borehole possess similar hydrochemical compositions and lower total dissolved solids (TDS), implying that their circulation depth is relatively shallow or that residence time is short. The sample at the hot spring has high TDS and high temperature as well as the high F concentration, inferring that it may circulate at a deeper depth. The sample at the borehole contains mixed hydrochemical characteristics of other samples. Three groundwater flow systems may exist in the study area: the shallow groundwater system recharged by precipitations and local groundwater flow, the deep groundwater system recharged by the regional groundwater flow, and the intermediate one between the above two systems. The finding of the three flow systems is supported by the δ2H and δ18O as well as the apparent radium ages of the samples. The δ2H and δ18O values at the intercept of the line formed by the shallow groundwater samples and the local meteoric water line (LMWL) are similar to those of modern precipitations. The δ2H and δ18O values at the intercept of the line formed by the deep groundwater samples and the LMWL show that it is probably recharged by relatively older precipitations. The 2H and 18O values of the borehole samples are between the above two intercept points. The deep-circulated groundwater with high temperature has longer apparent radium age than other water samples. The apparent radium ages of the shallow groundwater are similar but less than that of the deep groundwater. Groundwater at the borehole may circulate at a depth between the above two. The results of this study improve our understanding of the complex groundwater circulation and enable us to better protect and manage the groundwater resources in the region.

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