scholarly journals A mathematical model to study the dynamics of carbon capture in forest plantations

2022 ◽  
Vol 2159 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
A Altamirano-Fernández ◽  
A Rojas-Palma ◽  
S Espinoza-Meza
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Living Biomass ◽  
Fourth Order Method

Abstract Fast-growing forest plantations play an important role in reducing global warming and have great potential for carbon capture. In this study, we aimed to model the dynamics of carbon capture in fast-growing plantations. A mathematical model is proposed consisting of a tridimensional nonlinear system. The variables involved are the amount of living biomass, the intrinsic growth of biomass, and the burned area by forestry fire. The environmental humidity is also considered, assumed as a parameter by simplicity. The solutions of the model are approximated numerically by the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method. Once the equilibria of the model have been obtained and its local stability determined, the analysis of the model reveals that the living biomass, as well as the stored carbon, decreases in each harvest cycle as a consequence of the negative effects of fire on soil properties. Furthermore, the model shows that the maximum area burned is attained always after the maximum volume of biomass is obtained. Numerical simulations show that the model solutions are reasonable for the growth dynamics of a plantation, from a theoretical perspective. The mathematical results suggest that a suitable optimal management strategy to avoid biomass losses in the successive regeneration cycles of the plantation is the prevention of fires together with soil fertilization, applied to fast-growing plantations.

Modelling and Simulation of NO2 Dispersion Phenomenon in Atmosphere by Analytical-Experimental Methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Perju ◽  
Harieta Pirlea ◽  
Gabriela-Alina Brusturean ◽  
Dana Silaghi-Perju ◽  
Sorin Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The European laws and recently the Romanian ones impose more and more strict norms to the large nitrogen dioxide polluters. They are obligated to continuously improve the installations and products so that they limit and reduce the nitrogen dioxide pollution, because it has negative effects on the human health and environment. In this paper are presented these researches made within a case study for the Timi�oara municipality, regarding the modeling and simulation of the nitrogen dioxide dispersion phenomenon coming from various sources in atmosphere with the help of analytical-experimental methods. The mathematical model resulting from these researches is accurately enough to describe the real situation. This was confirmed by comparing the results obtained based on the model with real experimental values.

scholarly journals Resource-efficient infrastructure for fast growing cities – realization of a Resource Recovery Center

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tolksdorf ◽  
P. Cornel ◽  
M. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Design Values

Abstract The SEMIZENTRAL approach is an infrastructure solution for the challenges of high growth dynamics and resource scarcity in fast growing urban areas. The integration of water, wastewater, waste, and energy in one system increases resource efficiency. District-wise realization enables the infrastructure system to grow at the same rate as the city. The concept has been realized for the first time on a scale of 12,000 population equivalent in Qingdao, China. Greywater and blackwater are collected separately; treated greywater is reused for toilet flushing. Reclaimed blackwater is used for irrigation. The analyses of the wastewater composition reveal significant differences in comparison to design values as well as to literature values for greywater and blackwater. Unexpected user behaviour, as well as cross-connections, are likely reasons. The greywater and blackwater treatment processes in the Resource Recovery Center were adapted to the influent's characteristics, so that legal effluent limits are fulfilled, despite changes in influent quality. Small systems often show higher influent variability. Design data for systems with source separation are still lacking. Measurement campaigns in areas similar to the planning area are recommendable, but might not always be possible. In addition, there is a risk of cross-connections between blackwater and greywater, though this can be reduced. For these reasons, there is (possibly high) uncertainty regarding design values for greywater and blackwater. Correspondingly, the treatment processes need to be designed flexibly. For future implementation, technical risks deriving from source separation have to be weighed against the expected higher acceptance of reuse of treated greywater in households. Intra-urban reuse of total wastewater, in combination with extensive public relations programs, might be an alternative.

Harvesting strategies to reduce suspended sediments in streams in fast-growing forest plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cristina Cassiano ◽  
Luiz Felippe Salemi ◽  
Lara Gabrielle Garcia ◽  
Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Fast Growing

scholarly journals Algorithm of optimal management for the efficient use of energy resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Krasnov ◽  
Sergey Sergeev ◽  
Elizaveta Zotova ◽  
Nadezhda Grashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
Maximum Profit ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Business Entities

The paper presents the results of the developed algorithms aimed at optimizing management decision-making by the administration of megalopolises. A mathematical model is obtained within the concept of digital economy. The regulatory action of dispositive decisions is aimed at business entities whose activities are externalized while consuming energy resources. Since any resources are used unevenly throughout the year, the authors apply the methods of the theory of optimal decisions. The criterion is the functional reflection of the balance between the maximum profit, the comfort of living conditions, and the environmental conditions. The results obtained make it possible to take administrative decisions in an optimal way, which reduces the negative effects of externalities and results in the most efficient use of energy resources.

Nutrient exports under different harvesting regimes in fast-growing forest plantations in southern Europe

2005 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Merino ◽  
M.A. Balboa ◽  
R. Rodríguez Soalleiro ◽  
J.G. Álvarez González
Keyword(s):  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Fast Growing

Lesson study and teachers’ beliefs

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Mayrhofer
Keyword(s):  
Lesson Study ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Educational Beliefs ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Teacher Students ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
New Perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show, from a theoretical perspective, how lesson study (LS) can initiate processes that have an effect on most fundamental teachers’ (and teacher–students’) personal beliefs which are the basis of a teacher’ interactions. On the basis of research referring to educational beliefs and good practice, the paper’s approach is to bring underlying beliefs into relation to Pierre Bourdieu’s sociocultural concept of the habitus. Awareness of these unconscious fundamentals is a requirement for improvement. Developing a professional habitus will allow inappropriate beliefs to be changed by informed knowledge. LS can support that. Design/methodology/approach This is a theoretical paper aiming at illustrating the potential of LS to initiate learning and reflection among teachers, and challenge and ultimately affect deep ranging beliefs. Guided by the idea that beliefs are not only a random collection acquired in a biography, the paper applies the Bourdieuian idea of habitus and field, suggesting habitus as the origin and source of beliefs and, therefore, ultimately of classroom practice. The paper defines LS as a tool in teacher education that has the potential to make teachers change inappropriate concepts by reflecting on their habitus and develop a more professional habitus. Findings Research agrees that teachers’ decisions and actions are strongly rooted in their unconscious beliefs, which have accumulated during their biographies, especially during their own school days whereas informed knowledge is neglected. The Bourdieuian theory of habitus is a heuristic concept that provides an integrative social perspective on beliefs as both a part and a result of a teacher’s habitus. Reflection on practice and teacher cooperation is essential for teacher learning. LS is an ideal setting providing these essentials, and the paper finds that the negative effects of habitus-rooted unconscious beliefs and practices can be affected by developing awareness through LS. Originality/value This paper aims at bringing together Bourdieu’s sociocultural theory of habitus and field, and LS. Inappropriate beliefs guiding practice can hinder informed knowledge on education to be integrated. An analysis of the habitus as the foundation of beliefs can create awareness of the effects resulting from biographical and social sources in both pre- and in-service teacher training. Rather than changing single beliefs, developing a professional habitus allows to integrate informed knowledge and affect a lasting change. The Bourdieuian approach opens up a new perspective of the capacity of LS and makes a relevant contribution in developing a professional habitus.

scholarly journals Individual Tree Attribute Estimation and Uniformity Assessment in Fast-Growing Eucalyptus spp. Forest Plantations Using Lidar and Linear Mixed-Effects Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3599
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Vieira Leite ◽  
Carlos Alberto Silva ◽  
Midhun Mohan ◽  
Adrián Cardil ◽  
Danilo Roberti Alves de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Individual Trees

Fast-growing Eucalyptus spp. forest plantations and their resultant wood products are economically important and may provide a low-cost means to sequester carbon for greenhouse gas reduction. The development of advanced and optimized frameworks for estimating forest plantation attributes from lidar remote sensing data combined with statistical modeling approaches is a step towards forest inventory operationalization and might improve industry efficiency in monitoring and managing forest resources. In this study, we first developed and tested a framework for modeling individual tree attributes in fast-growing Eucalyptus forest plantation using airborne lidar data and linear mixed-effect models (LME) and assessed the gain in accuracy compared to a conventional linear fixed-effects model (LFE). Second, we evaluated the potential of using the tree-level estimates for determining tree attribute uniformity across different stand ages. In the field, tree measurements, such as tree geolocation, species, genotype, age, height (Ht), and diameter at breast height (dbh) were collected through conventional forest inventory practices, and tree-level aboveground carbon (AGC) was estimated using allometric equations. Individual trees were detected and delineated from lidar-derived canopy height models (CHM), and crown-level metrics (e.g., crown volume and crown projected area) were computed from the lidar 3-D point cloud. Field and lidar-derived crown metrics were combined for ht, dbh, and AGC modeling using an LME. We fitted a varying intercept and slope model, setting species, genotype, and stand (alone and nested) as random effects. For comparison, we also modeled the same attributes using a conventional LFE model. The tree attribute estimates derived from the best LME model were used for assessing forest uniformity at the tree level using the Lorenz curves and Gini coefficient (GC). We successfully detected 96.6% of the trees from the lidar-derived CHM. The best LME model for estimating the tree attributes was composed of the stand as a random effect variable, and canopy height, crown volume, and crown projected area as fixed effects. The %RMSE values for tree-level height, dbh, and AGC were 8.9%, 12.1%, and 23.7% for the LFE model and improved to 7.3%, 7.1%, and 13.6%, respectively, for the LME model. Tree attributes uniformity was assessed with the Lorenz curves and tree-level estimations, especially for the older stands. All stands showed a high level of tree uniformity with GC values approximately 0.2. This study demonstrates that accurate detection of individual trees and their associated crown metrics can be used to estimate Ht, dbh, and AGC stocks as well as forest uniformity in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations forests using lidar data as inputs to LME models. This further underscores the high potential of our proposed approach to monitor standing stock and growth in Eucalyptus—and similar forest plantations for carbon dynamics and forest product planning.

scholarly journals Formation and Transformation Trends of Metal Carbonates With Cation Ratio and Ion Interaction in Post-treatment Process of Desalination Brine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Injun Kim ◽  
Jinwon Park ◽  
Yunsung Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ion Interactions ◽  
Metal Carbonates ◽  
Metal Carbonate ◽  
Common Ion ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Cation Ratio

Abstract BackgroundTo address the negative effects of desalination plants, CO2 emissions, and discharge of desalination brine, we studied the carbon capture utilization (CCU) process based on metal carbonation via the reuse of desalination brine. In this study, we converted CO2 and simulated desalination brine into metal carbonate using monoethanolamine as an aqueous absorbent. The produced metal carbonate varied according to the cation component of the simulated desalination brine. We focused on ion interactions in the aqueous system, occurred by cation ratio, and other phenomena caused by the interactions.ResultsWe determined that the common ion effect, which occurred owing to the ion interactions of the system, was the main reason for the various carbonation trends. Ionic atmospheres that were changed by the ionic components significantly affected the trends. The high salinity of the desalination brine also affected the metal carbonation. We further deduced that the variation in the results was derived from interactions between the abovementioned effects. And we also found that Na+, which was overlooked in former studies about polymorph transformation, also affects polymorph transformation.ConclusionsAll the phenomena in the metal carbonation interrupt desalination brine post-treatment because of their unpredictability. However, we suggest ambient estimation of its cation components, which would help future studies and demonstrate desalination brine post-treatment.

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