scholarly journals Formation and Transformation Trends of Metal Carbonates With Cation Ratio and Ion Interaction in Post-treatment Process of Desalination Brine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Injun Kim ◽  
Jinwon Park ◽  
Yunsung Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ion Interactions ◽  
Metal Carbonates ◽  
Metal Carbonate ◽  
Common Ion ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Cation Ratio

Abstract BackgroundTo address the negative effects of desalination plants, CO2 emissions, and discharge of desalination brine, we studied the carbon capture utilization (CCU) process based on metal carbonation via the reuse of desalination brine. In this study, we converted CO2 and simulated desalination brine into metal carbonate using monoethanolamine as an aqueous absorbent. The produced metal carbonate varied according to the cation component of the simulated desalination brine. We focused on ion interactions in the aqueous system, occurred by cation ratio, and other phenomena caused by the interactions.ResultsWe determined that the common ion effect, which occurred owing to the ion interactions of the system, was the main reason for the various carbonation trends. Ionic atmospheres that were changed by the ionic components significantly affected the trends. The high salinity of the desalination brine also affected the metal carbonation. We further deduced that the variation in the results was derived from interactions between the abovementioned effects. And we also found that Na+, which was overlooked in former studies about polymorph transformation, also affects polymorph transformation.ConclusionsAll the phenomena in the metal carbonation interrupt desalination brine post-treatment because of their unpredictability. However, we suggest ambient estimation of its cation components, which would help future studies and demonstrate desalination brine post-treatment.

Evaluating the impact of doping concentration on the performance of in-band pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa A. Khamis
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Fluorescence Decay ◽  
Fiber Amplifiers ◽  
Silica Fiber ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetimes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ion Interactions ◽  
Cross Relaxation Process ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study is to investigate the impact of thulium concentration on the performance of in-band pumped thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers with considering ion–ion interactions. Due to the fluorescence quenching in silica glass, the fluorescence lifetimes are required to compute at every Tm concentration. The theoretical model of fluorescence decay curves at in-band pumped thulium-doped silica fiber is used to determine the fluorescence lifetimes of the 3F4 and 3H4 levels. The calculated lifetimes of the commercially available thulium-doped silica fiber are 650 µs for 3F4 level and 14 µs for 3H4 level and these results are consentient well with the experimental reported results. The theoretical evaluating of the amplifier performance shows that the gain amplifier reduces with concentration increase because of the impact of both fluorescence quenching and the reverse cross-relaxation process. Thus, in contrast to pumping wavelength at 790 nm, there are negative effects of the high doping concentration of Tm ions on the amplifier performance at the in-band pumping scheme.

Surface-Controlled Reactivity of Metal Carbonates

1996 ◽  
Vol 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Crystal Nucleation ◽  
Metal Sorption ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Metal Carbonates ◽  
Metal Carbonate ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Engineered Structures

AbstractMetal carbonate surfaces are a common component of soils, sediments, terrestrial organisms, and many engineered structures. The surface-controlled growth and dissolution of metal carbonate minerals (e.g. calcite) often affects fluid flow in pipes (through scaling) as well as the nanoscale assembly of complex biologic structures (similar reactions control Ca levels in the oceans, and ultimately, long-term CO2 levels). Engineering metal carbonate surface chemistry to enhance or inhibit growth, dissolution, or crystal nucleation is therefore an area with obvious economic impact. Metal carbonate superstructures are rapidly altered by dissolution/re-precipitation reactions, necessitating the measurement of surface chemistry near equilibrium. Measurements of metal sorption using limited residence time reactors point to the importance of adsorbed/exchanged metal ions in controlling surface charge and electrokinetic behavior. The same reactions appear to control growth and dissolution rates as well.

scholarly journals Impact assessment of high soil CO2on plant growth and soil environment: a greenhouse study

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenmei He ◽  
Gayoung Yoo ◽  
Mohammad Moonis ◽  
Youjin Kim ◽  
Xuanlin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
High Soil

To ensure the safety of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, insight into the potential impacts of CO2leakage on the ecosystem is necessary. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effects of high soil CO2on plant growth and the soil environment. Treatments comprised 99.99% CO2injection (CG), 99.99% N2injection (NG), and no injection (BG). NG treatment was employed to differentiate the effects of O2depletion from those of CO2enrichment. Soil CO2and O2concentrations were maintained at an average of 53% and 11%, respectively, under CG treatment. We verified that high soil CO2had negative effects on root water absorption, chlorophyll, starch content and total biomass. Soil microbial acid phosphatase activity was affected by CG treatment. These negative effects were attributed to high soil CO2instead of low O2or low pH. Our results indicate that high soil CO2affected the root system, which in turn triggered further changes in aboveground plant tissues and rhizospheric soil water conditions. A conceptual diagram of CO2toxicity to plants and soil is suggested to act as a useful guideline for impact assessment of CCS technology.

scholarly journals Development and Application of ReaxFF Methodology for Understanding the Chemical Dynamics of Metal Carbonates in Aqueous Solutions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabankur Dasgupta ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Adri C. T. van Duin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Chemical Dynamics ◽  
Reactive Force ◽  
Reactive Force Field ◽  
Metal Carbonates ◽  
Metal Carbonate ◽  
Reaxff Reactive Force Field

A new ReaxFF reactive force field has been developed for metal carbonate systems including Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ cations and the CO32- anion. This force field is fully transferable with...

scholarly journals Climate Change and CCS Technologies: Managerial and Political Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Paul James
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Ccs Technologies

Emissions of carbon dioxide appears to have risen to levels that have negative effects on the climate. These levels will continue to rise, taking the world’s average temperature over the Kyoto 1997 agreed 1.5oC temperature. To date, only 20Mn tonnes of CO2 has been permanently sequestered. This is a research paper that is focused on assessing issues relating to CO2 sequestration through Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies and its impacts on managerial developments.An interpretive methodology was utilised in order to help understand the senior research management perceptions of leading research groups underpinning CCS developments and climate change implications. The scope for this research was CO2 sequestration leading research teams/groups articulated across the spectrum of major Western and Eastern countries. Consequently, the population of interest was made up of 17 leading global, climate change research group principal scientist/engineers as managers, located at multiple research sites within Europe, US and Asia, with a mandated research directive to assess/investigate climate change impacts of CO2 and other gas emissions for governments.The research outcomes consisted of Four (4) main themes: Emissions, Socio-Political Will/Government Strategy, Technical Development and Underground Strategies, Marketing and Costs; and Fifteen (15) sub-themes underpinned by 309 conversation targets. The paper addresses raised issues and determines outcomes and implications for managing the scope and application of CCS technologies. These indications are synthesised from major research actors in the field that show that socio-political strategies, economics and market development should be made clearer and a paradigm shift made to strengthen strategies to engage wider utilisation of CCS technologies.

scholarly journals The role of non-governmental organizations in rehabilitation of article-associated with substance addictsMadde bağımlısı bireylerin rehabilitasyonunda sivil toplum kuruluşlarının rolü

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muharrem Metin Şener ◽  
Kübra Küçükşen
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
The Family ◽  
Treatment Support

The purpose of this study is; based on the sample of the Social Rehabilitation Association, to investigate the role of civil society organizations in post-treatment support and rehabilitation of drug addicted individuals. Rather, drug addiction in children, adolescents and young adults has become a serious problem in our country as well as in the whole world.Drug use has negative effects on individual health and family life, as well as on the economy, public safety and many societal areas. People who start using these drugs for different reasons become addicted in one or a few use, depends on the drugs they use. Drug addiction is dragging both the person, the family and the environment into many psychological, sociological, material and spiritual negativities.In the treatment of drug abuse, first detoxification treatment is performed, then social and psychological support and rehabilitation process is started. Generally, after 2 to 6 weeks of treatment, the complete withdrawal rate does not exceed 10%. For this reason, the post-treatment support and rehabilitation process becomes extremely important. In this process, which requires a long and difficult struggle, it has been determined that the effect of the family and social environment of the addict, and the civil society organizations that will give social and psychological support to the person have an important role. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı;  Sosyal Rehabilitasyon Derneği örnekleminden hareketle, madde bağımlısı bireylerin, tedavi sonrası destek ve rehabilitasyonunda, sivil toplum kuruluşlarının rolünü araştırmaktır. Çoğunlukla ergen ve genç erişkinlerde görülen madde bağımlılığı tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de ciddi bir sorun haline gelmiştir . Madde kullanımı bireysel sağlık ve aile yaşamını olumsuz etkilerinin yanısıra, ekonomiden kamu güvenliğine toplumsal pek çok alanı olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu maddeleri değişik nedenlerle kullanmaya başlayan kişiler kullandıkları maddeye göre bazen bir, bazen birkaç kullanımdan sonra bağımlı hale gelmektedirler. Madde bağımlılığı hem kişiyi, hem ailesini hem de çevresini psikolojik, sosyolojik, maddi ve manevi   birçok olumsuzluğun içine sürüklemektedir. Madde bağımlılığının tedavisinde öncelikle detoksifikasyon (maddeden arındırma) tedavisi yapılmakta, daha sonra da sosyal ve psikolojik destek ve rehabilitasyon süreci başlamaktadır. Genellikle 2-6 haftalık tedavi sürecinden sonra maddeyi tamamen bırakma oranları % 10’u geçmemektedir. Bu nedenle tedavi sonrası destek ve rehabilitasyon süreci son derece önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen “Sosyal Rehabilitasyon Derneği” nin, madde bağımlısı bireylerin rehabilitasyonuna yönelik çalışmaları, gözlem ve belge tarama tekniği kullanılarak, betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir.   Uzun soluklu ve zor bir  mücadeleyi gerektiren bu süreçte, bağımlının aile ve sosyal çevresinin etkisi ile birlikte kişiye sosyal ve psikolojik destek verecek sivil toplum kuruluşlarının önemli rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Versatile porous graphene flakes derived from alkali metal carbonates using an ultrafast and sulfuric acid-free solid-state oxidation reaction

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 11375-11383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeoheung Yoon ◽  
Minhe Lee ◽  
Seong Ku Kim ◽  
Wooseok Song ◽  
Sung Myung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Alkali Metal Carbonate ◽  
Alkali Metal Carbonates ◽  
Metal Carbonates ◽  
Metal Carbonate ◽  
Graphene Flakes

We report a H2SO4-free, alkali metal carbonate (M2CO3) based solid-state reaction, which offers an ultra-fast, effective method for the synthesis of single-layered graphene oxide (GO).

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