scholarly journals Experimental 3-dimensional tracking of the dynamics of a single electron in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. P12009
Author(s):  
A. Romanov ◽  
J. Santucci ◽  
G. Stancari ◽  
A. Valishev ◽  
N. Kuklev
Keyword(s):  
Storage Ring ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Momentum Spread ◽  
Residual Gas

Abstract We present the results of experimental studies on the transverse and longitudinal dynamics of a single electron in the IOTA storage ring. IOTA is a flexible machine dedicated to beam physics experiments with electrons and protons. A method was developed to reliably inject and circulate a controlled number of electrons in the ring. A key beam diagnostic system is the set of sensitive high-resolution digital cameras for the detection of synchrotron light emitted by the electrons. With 60–130 electrons in the machine, we measured beam lifetime and derived an absolute calibration of the optical system. At exposure times of 0.5 s, the cameras were sensitive to individual electrons. Camera images were used to reconstruct the time evolution of oscillation amplitudes of a single electron in all 3 degrees of freedom. The evolution of amplitudes directly showed the interplay between synchrotron-radiation damping, quantum excitations, and scattering with the residual gas. From the distribution of measured single-electron oscillation amplitudes, we deduced transverse emittances, momentum spread, damping times, and beam energy. Estimates of residual-gas density and composition were calculated from the measured distributions of vertical scattering angles. Combining scattering and lifetime data, we also provide an estimate of the aperture of the ring. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the dynamics of a single electron are tracked in all three dimensions with digital cameras in a storage ring.

3-D reconstruction and analysis of mammalian mitotic spindle structure

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
Kent McDonald ◽  
David Mastronarde ◽  
Rubai Ding ◽  
Eileen O'Toole ◽  
J. Richard McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Spindle Structure ◽  
Tissue Culture Line

Mammalian spindles are generally large and may contain over a thousand microtubules (MTs). For this reason they are difficult to reconstruct in three dimensions and many researchers have chosen to study the smaller and simpler spindles of lower eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the mammalian spindle is used for many experimental studies and it would be useful to know its detailed structure.We have been using serial cross sections and computer reconstruction methods to analyze MT distributions in mitotic spindles of PtK cells, a mammalian tissue culture line. Images from EM negatives are digtized on a light box by a Dage MTI video camera containing a black and white Saticon tube. The signal is digitized by a Parallax 1280 graphics device in a MicroVax III computer. Microtubules are digitized at a magnification such that each is 10-12 pixels in diameter.

scholarly journals Optical Inspection Systems for Axisymmetric Parts with Spatial 2D Resolution

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Kulchitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Bodies Of Revolution ◽  
Optical Inspection ◽  
Inspection Systems ◽  
Projection Error

The article proposes a solution to the problem of increasing the accuracy of determining the main shaping dimensions of axisymmetric parts through a control system that implements the optical method of spatial resolution. The influence of the projection error of a passive optical system for controlling the geometric parameters of bodies of revolution from the image of its sections, obtained by a digital camera with non-telecentric optics, on the measurement accuracy is shown. Analytical dependencies are derived that describe the features of the transmission of measuring information of a system with non-telecentric optics in order to estimate the projection error. On the basis of the obtained dependences, a method for compensating the projection error of the systems for controlling the geometry of the main shaping surfaces of bodies of revolution has been developed, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of determining dimensions when using digital cameras with a resolution of 5 megapixels or more, equipped with short-focus lenses. The possibility of implementing the proposed technique is confirmed by the results of experimental studies.

scholarly journals A Partitioning Based Algorithm to Fuzzy Tricluster

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongli Liu ◽  
Tengfei Yang ◽  
Lili Fu
Keyword(s):  
Membership Function ◽  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Membership Functions ◽  
Automatic Categorization ◽  
Dimensional Cube ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Multiple Clusters

Fuzzy clustering allows an object to exist in multiple clusters and represents the affiliation of objects to clusters by memberships. It is extended to fuzzy coclustering by assigning both objects and features membership functions. In this paper we propose a new fuzzy triclustering (FTC) algorithm for automatic categorization of three-dimensional data collections. FTC specifies membership function for each dimension and is able to generate fuzzy clusters simultaneously on three dimensions. Thus FTC divides a three-dimensional cube into many little blocks which should be triclusters with strong coherent bonding among its members. The experimental studies onMovieLensdemonstrate the strength of FTC in terms of accuracy compared to some recent popular fuzzy clustering and coclustering approaches.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF EFFICIENCY ECOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEM OF HEAT ENGINES AND BOILER PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (152) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
A. Polivyanchuk ◽  
M. Smirny ◽  
S. Romanenko ◽  
R. Semenenko ◽  
R. Plotnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Methodological Error ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Diagnostics System ◽  
The Impact

A universal, multifunctional system of environmental diagnostics of heat engines and boiler plants has been created, which allows one to determine indicators characterizing the chemical and physical effect of these objects on the environment: concentrations, mass, specific and average operational emissions of pollutants, noise, thermal pollution, vibration. This measuring system consists of instrumental, testing, demonstration and laboratory modules, which allows you to use it as a diagnostic tool, training and test bench and laboratory; as well as apply it in various fields: transport, energy, environmental and educational fields. The diagnostic system implements methods for monitoring and improving the accuracy of measurements of average operating emissions of pollutants: method for determining the resulting measurement errors of the average operational emissions of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter – GAS and РT indicators, which allows you to evaluate the impact on the data of the value of the errors of the measuring equipment of the diagnostic system; a method for increasing the accuracy of measurements of the normalized РT index by taking into account the methodological error of measurements of a given value due to the influence of the temperature of the sample in the tunnel on the measured emission of particulate matter - δРТt. Experimental studies of the diagnostic system and methods for increasing its accuracyon full-scale objects were carried out: diesel engines: tractor 4CHN12/14 tractor D65M, diesel locomotive diesel engine DEL-01 and boiler units: gas - DKVR-20/13 and AOGV-100E, solid fuel - KCHM-2M-4. Transport diesels were tested according to the cycles established by the UNECE Regulations R-49, R-96 and the international standard ISO-8178. As a result of tests of these engines, the coefficients KРi, KMgasi and KMрmi were determined, which are used to assess the accuracy of measurements of GAS and РT indicators, the resulting measurement errors of these values were investigated and the range of variation of the methodical error δРТt was determined.

scholarly journals Digital models based on images taken with handheld cameras – examples on land, from the sea and on ice

1969 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Erik Vest Sørensen ◽  
Morten Bjerager ◽  
Michele Citterio
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
North East ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Digital Outcrop ◽  
Micro Topography

Geological outcrops can be comfortably modelled in three dimensions in the offi ce using images from a handheld digital camera. Recent developments within the imaging techniques of Structure from Motion (Lowe 2004; Snavely et al. 2008; Fonstad et al. 2013) and photogrammetry (Hirschmüller 2005; James & Robson 2012; Favalli et al. 2012) have made it easier and cheaper to construct so-called digital outcrop models using stereoscopic images from standard digital cameras. Th e digital outcrop model (Bellian et al. 2005) is a 3D representation of the outcrop surface and is oft en displayed in the form of a polygon mesh or a point cloud. In this paper we present three examples of such point clouds from images obtained with a handheld digital camera. Th e examples illustrate how outcrop topography or digital outcrop models can be constructed at diff erent scales, with diff erent accessibility and operational platforms. Two examples illustrate outcrop scales of metres to kilometres, with images obtained by walking along excavated exposures in the Faxe limestone quarry and from a boat sailing past the coastal cliff of Stevns Klint. Th e third example illustrates detailed micro-topography of ice and snow surfaces where the images were obtained from a snowmobile on an ice cap in A.P. Olsen Land, North-East Greenland.

scholarly journals A comparison between coral colonies of the genus Madracis and simulated forms

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1700) ◽  
pp. 3555-3561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Filatov ◽  
Jaap A. Kaandorp ◽  
Marten Postma ◽  
Robert van Liere ◽  
Kris J. Kruszyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Coral Growth ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Nutrient Distribution

In addition to experimental studies, computational models provide valuable information about colony development in scleractinian corals. Using our simulation model, we show how environmental factors such as nutrient distribution and light availability affect growth patterns of coral colonies. To compare the simulated coral growth forms with those of real coral colonies, we quantitatively compared our modelling results with coral colonies of the morphologically variable Caribbean coral genus Madracis. Madracis species encompass a relatively large morphological variation in colony morphology and hence represent a suitable genus to compare, for the first time, simulated and real coral growth forms in three dimensions using a quantitative approach. This quantitative analysis of three-dimensional growth forms is based on a number of morphometric parameters (such as branch thickness, branch spacing, etc.). Our results show that simulated coral morphologies share several morphological features with real coral colonies ( M. mirabilis , M. decactis, M. formosa and M. carmabi ). A significant correlation was found between branch thickness and branch spacing for both real and simulated growth forms. Our present model is able to partly capture the morphological variation in closely related and morphologically variable coral species of the genus Madracis .

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