scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis on the Status Quo and Problems of Land Use of Educational Space in Primary and Secondary Schools in the Downtown Area, Tianjin- Results of data analysis based on information entropy and equilibrium

2019 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
Shouren Zhang ◽  
Qing Ye ◽  
Yawei Du ◽  
Kun Song
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Information Entropy ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
The Status

Copiers do not collaborate

2014 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Maurice Alford
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Status ◽  
Part Time

I’ve been teaching since 1973, some in area schools, some in intermediates, but mostly in secondary schools. Throughout my career I have enjoyed studying part-time, and in 2004 I was privileged to spend the year as an e-Fellow. I’m still studying, still reflecting on education in general and teaching in particular, and still very interested in what it means to be working in this space, what it means to be a teacher. In this piece I am therefore writing primarily with my colleagues in mind—I am writing for the classroom practitioners of today who are the teachers of the future. The ideas of connectedness and collaboration that I discuss here are based on what I have learned from my own practice. Built on a firm theoretical foundation, they represent my synthesis of education wisdom and philosophy. They are intended to challenge the status quo and to provoke change, just as the future challenges us to learn from the past but move from the present.

scholarly journals The Application of Choice-Based Conjoint Model to Study Government Authorities Preference: A Case of Traffic-Subsidy-Pollution Related Policy in Indonesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Gudono Gudono
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
State University ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
The Status ◽  
Environmental Public Policy

According to the UN, air pollution kills more than 3 millionpeople each year (UN-Habitat 2007). Despite the magnitude ofthe impact, delays in making decisions about the environmentare quite common among governments worldwide. The purposesof this study are twofold. First, the study is to investigate therelative strength of attributes of environmental policy such asmethods of vehicle restriction, percentage of reduction in lead (and CO2) content, and percentage of subsidy reduction. Second, the study is to test government choice when it facesconservative, “scientific,” and popular policy alternatives. Toachieve both objectives this research uses an experimentalmethod. The orthogonal design is adopted for stimuli presenta-tion and conjoint analysis is used for data analysis. The re-search participants are students of an accounting graduateprogram of a state university in Java (Indonesia).The results suggest CO2/lead reduction has the strongesteffect on policy maker preference. In addition, those policymakers tend to prefer the  status quo condition which indicatesconservative views. This is demonstrated by the tendency of theirchoice on an alternative policy package which requires minimum changes compared with the existing policies (a maximumutility of 64.3 percent vs. 28.6 percent and 7.1 percent of otheralternatives). In addition, bureaucrats tend to play “safe”(namely the reduction of lead content in gasoline) when thepossibility of resistance is imminence. Some consequences of theresearch findings are also discussed. Keywords: conjoint analysis; mixed environmental; public policy; utility function

scholarly journals Cremation and Burial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Martin Olando
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Extensive Reading ◽  
General Observation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Emerging Culture ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Ideal

For a long time, most African Christian have preferred burial as the most acceptable way in disposing dead bodies. However, this method of disposing the dead has been affected by diverse factors such as globalization, various interpretations of Scripture, and the decline of African perception on burial rights among others. In the nature of things, there has been an increase of cremation amongst African Christians. This has created a rift between two contrasting groups regarding the emerging culture of cremation as opposed to burial. Cremation seems to be a new concept that has not been embraced in most African societies. Those African Christians who insist on burial contend that it is the ideal godly way in the disposition of bodies. They cite biblical and Africa values in order to justify the status quo. For those who believe cremation is the right disposal method of the dead, they argue that it is less expensive and is positively sensitive to land use. In view of this, the article will examine success and challenges regarding burial and cremation. The materials in this presentation have been gathered through interviews, extensive reading of published works, and via general observation of unfolding practices.

Topsoil removal and Sphagnum spreading improve the climate balance of peat bog restoration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Jurasinski ◽  
Vytas Huth ◽  
Eva Rosinski ◽  
Cordula Gutekunst ◽  
Franziska Koebsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Climate Effects ◽  
Original Surface ◽  
The Status ◽  
Topsoil Removal ◽  
Restoration Measures

<p>Many peatlands in Central Europe are under unsustainable drainage-based land use with high greenhouse gas emissions counteracting the aims of the Paris Agreement. After decades of drained and intensive land use many peat bogs are in pitiful state. Rewetting can stop the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) source function but may result in high methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions and eutrophication. Further, lack of diaspores my hamper the establishment of typical bog species. Restoration measures like topsoil removal (TSR) or spreading target vegetation propagules are known to improve restoration success in fen peatlands or after peat extraction. However, experience on restoration of bogs after previous agricultural use is scarce and the climate effects of these restoration measures including carbon losses from TSR are unknown.</p><p>We installed a field trial in a drained bog in North-West Germany to explore the effect of TSR and Sphagnum spreading on greenhouse (GHG) emissions. The trial consists of seven plots (~8 x 24 m each) representing the status quo—intensive grassland use—and six different restoration approaches. Two approaches are rewetting on the original surface with or without regular biomass harvesting. The remaining four represent TSR prior rewetting where two of the four were inoculated with <em>Sphagnum</em> spp. On all plots we measured GHG fluxes fortnightly using closed chambers to obtain two-year GHG budgets. We assessed the climate effects of the status quo and the six restoration approaches by applying a radiative forcing model to the GHG budgets and to published emission factors while incorporating the effect of TSR through different depletion scenarios of the exported topsoil carbon.</p><p>Compared to the status quo, rewetting alone reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by ~75% but substantially increased CH<sub>4 </sub>emissions, which were much higher than published emission factors for a similar peatland category. After TSR, on-site CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were close to 0 or—with Sphagnum spreading—net negative while CH<sub>4</sub> emissions remained very low. Based on our GHG budgets, TSR quickly becomes less climate warming than keeping the status quo and rewetting at the original surface. In contrast, based on emission factors, rewetting at the original surface is initially the least climate warming option.<span> </span></p><p>In general, the climatic effect of TSR is likely lowest when removing only as much topsoil as necessary to implement nutrient-poor and acidic conditions thereby ensuring rapid establishment of a <em>Sphagnum</em> carpet and by conserving the removed topsoil as long as possible. Here, the climate warming effect of TSR of ~30 cm in combination with rewetting roughly corresponds to the climate warming of rewetted nutrient-rich temperate peatlands without TSR. Therefore, from a climate perspective, we can recommend a shallow TSR of up to 30 cm for peat bog restoration given that the goal is to re-establish typical bog habitats.</p>

scholarly journals Reduction Assessment of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollutant Loading

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
YiCheng Fu ◽  
Wenbin Zang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Hongtao Wang ◽  
Chunling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Pollutant Loading ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pollutant Reduction

Abstract. NPS (Non-point source) pollution has become a key impact element to watershed environment at present. With the development of technology, application of models to control NPS pollution has become a very common practice for resource management and Pollutant reduction control in the watershed scale of China. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model is a semi-conceptual model, which was put forward to estimate pollutant production & the influences on water quantity-quality under different land development patterns in complex watersheds. Based on the overview of published papers with application of SWAT, the study topics is mainly focus on nutrients, sediments, impoundment & wetlands, hydrologic characteristics, climate change impact, and land-use change impacts. SWAT model was constructed based on rainfall runoff and land use type. The migration-transformation processes of agricultural NPS pollution was simulated and calculated based on the SWAT model. Besides, the loadings and distribution traits of NPS pollutants were also systematically analyzed based on the model. The model was used to quantify the spatial loading intensities of NPS nutrient TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) to HTRW (Huntai River Watershed) under two scenarios (without & with buffer zones). The SWAT model was validated using actual monitoring information as well as the physical properties of the underlying substrate, hydrology, meteorology and pollutant sources in the HTRW. Scenario settings are mainly based on the changes of surface runoff and sediments, climate and land-use change from different spatial scales, and climatic/physiographic zones. About 1 km within both banks of the trunk streams of the Huntai, Taizi and Daliao rivers, and 5 km surrounding the reservoirs were defined as buffer zones. Existing land use type within the buffer zone was changed to reflect the natural environment. The output of pollutant production under the EPS (Environmental Protection Scenarios) was calculated based on the status quo scenario. Under the status quo scenario, the annual mean modulus of soil erosion in the HTRW was 811 kg/ha, and the output intensities of TN & TP were 19 & 7 kg/ha, respectively. For the unit area, the maximal loading intensities for TN & TP were 365.36 & 259.83 kg/ha, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, TN & TP loading varied substantially. Under the EPS, the magnitude of N & P production from arable land decreased to a certain degree, and the TN & TP pollution loading per unit area were reduced by 5 & 1 kg/ha annually, respectively. In comparison, the quantity of NPS pollutant production under the EPS was reduced by 21.9 % compared with the status quo scenario, and the quantities of TP & TN decreased by 10.4 % & 25.9 %, respectively. These changes suggested a clear reduction in the export loading of agricultural NPS pollution. Loading intensities analysis showed that land use type is one key factor for controlling NPS pollution. The NPS pollutant loading decreased under the EPS, which showed that environmental protection measure could effectively cut down NPS pollutant loading in HTRW. SWAT was used to assess the reduction of agricultural NPS pollutant. However, SWAT model requires a large amount of data about the watershed being modeled; the data inaccuracy and local factors would impact the accuracy of the SWAT model. To determine the pollutant reduction under different land development patterns, and examine uncertainty of sensitivity parameters, SWAT model in China has wide range of potential application.

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