scholarly journals Influence of laser irradiation on state of chlorophyll-containing tissues of apple trees infected with pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
M V Maslova ◽  
E V Grosheva
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Coherent Light ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Promising Direction

Abstract The study of the laser radiation impact on the functional state of the tissues of the apple-tree of the Antonovka ordinary variety showed that the use of coherent light enables to increase the level of photosynthetic activity. It is worth noting that the greatest effect of laser stimulation was observed in variants with artificial infection with the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall (the causative agent of bacterial necrosis of fruit trees). This fact testifies to the activation of plant defense reactions against the pathogen. In this regard, the use of coherent light to increase plant resistance to pathogens is a promising direction for the development of organic farming.

scholarly journals A NEW APPLE TREE PEST

1882 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Dodge
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Total Destruction ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Great Damage ◽  
Distant Relative

As if the apple tree with its sixty or more insect enemies were not sufficiently afflicted, a distant relative of the Canker-worm has been making itself so notorious in Georgia, as to give apprehension of the total destruction of apple orchards in the locality infested. The insect complained of is Eugonia subsignaria Pack., a measuring worm which at times has been a veritable nuisance upon shade trees in New York and Philadelphia.In pursuance of my duties as a Special Agent of the Census Office (in the fruit interest), and through subsequent correspondence, the following facts were obtained from Mr. Adam Davenport, of Fannin County, in the State named. In his first communication, received some months since, it is stated that the worm made its appearance upon Rich Mountain, a spur of the Blue Ridge, about four years ago, attacking forest and fruit trees; and that it had since spread over a large area, doing great damage. Apple trees in June last were as destitute of leaves as in mid-winter, the fruit growing to the size of marbles and falling off.

scholarly journals RESEARCH INTO THE FACTORS OF TRANSFERING RADIONUCLIDES FROM SOIL TO THE COMPONENTS OF FRUIT TREES / RADIONUKLIDŲ PERNAŠOS FAKTORIŲ IŠ DIRVOŽEMIO Į VAISMEDŽIŲ SANDUS TYRIMAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Dorita Brogaitė ◽  
Donatas Butkus ◽  
Ingrida Pliopaitė-Bataitienė
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Leaves And Roots

The study reveals the factors of transferring radionuclides 137Cs, 40K and 232Th from soil under fruit trees to the components of fruit trees. Three fruit trees growing in two different places were chosen. 6 soil samples and apple tree components were taken from Ukmergė city. Kalviškiai near Visaginas town is the second place of growing apple and pear trees to the components of which the transfer of radionuclides was made. The article discusses the methodology of preparing fruit tree components for radiometric research and submits the evaluation methods for transfer factors. The paper analyzes the obtained results of research on transfer factors. The conducted analysis has showed that 137Cs, 40K and 232Th patterns of transfer depend on the type of a fruit tree and on the investigated components. The study has also disclosed that the pear tree collects all examined radionuclides to a greater extent than apple trees. Finally, the evaluation of transferring radionuclides to separate fruit tree components displays that the least amount of 137Cs, 40K and 232Th is found in the fruits of the trees, whereas the biggest - in bark, leaves and roots. Santrauka Nagrinėjama radionuklidų 137Cs, 40K ir 232Th pernaša iš po vaismedžiu esančio dirvožemio į tiriamojo vaismedžio sandus. Tirti pasirinkti 3 vaismedžiai iš dviejų skirtingų augimviečių. Pirmoji augimvietė buvo Ukmergės rajonas, Jogvilų k., kurioje tirtas dirvožemis ir obels sandai. Antroji augimvietė – Visagino sen., Kalviškių k., kurioje nagrinėta radionuklidų pernaša iš dirvožemio į kriaušės ir obels sandus. Aptariama dirvožemio ir vaismedžio sandų paruošimo radiometriniam tyrimui metodika. Pateikta pernašos faktorių vertinimo metodika. Analizuojami gauti pernašos faktorių tyrimo rezultatai. Išnagrinėjus rezultatus gauti 137Cs, 40K ir 232Th pernašos dėsningumai, priklausomai nuo vaismedžio rūšies ir nuo nagrinėjamo sando. Gauta, kad kriaušės vaismedis visus tris nagrinėtus radionuklidus kaupia labiau, lyginant su obelimis. Įvertinus radionuklidų pernašą į atskirus vaismedžių sandus nustatyta, kad 137Cs, 40K ir 232Th mažiausiai kaupia vaismedžių vaisiai, labiausiai – žievė, lapai, šaknys.

scholarly journals ABOVE-GROUND PHYTOMASS OF APPLE TREES GROWN IN PROSTRATE SHRUB FORM IN THE SUBURBAN AREA OF KRASNOYARSK

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Natalia Bratilova ◽  
Olga Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Average Model ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
First Time

The article presents the results of studies of the aboveground phytomass of domestic apple (Malus domestica Borkh) at 14-year and 113-year biological age, which were carried out on the basis of Krutovsky Botanical Garden in the suburban area of Krasnoyarsk. The features of phytomass distribution by fractional composition have been established for the first time for apple trees grown in Siberia in prostrate shrub form. From 10 to 13 leaves with an average area of 26 cm2 and an absolutely dry weight of 0.34 g are formed on the annual shoots of prostrate shrub apple trees. During the formation of fruit trees in the form of "Krasnoyarsk prostrate shrub", three or four main skeletal branches are left. The average model branch of a 14-year-old tree has a length of 3.4 m and a diameter of 7.6 cm at the point of attachment to the trunk; its weight is 1.4 kg in an absolutely dry state. The aboveground phytomass of a tree is 9.7 kg (on average) in an absolutely dry state. At the same time, leaves account for 12% of the aboveground phytomass, stem - 16.6%, branches - 71.4%. With regular pruning of the crown to maintain the prostrate shrub form of cultivation in Krutovsky Botanical Garden, by the age of 14, the phytomass of the crown decreases by 30-33%. The average model branch in a 113-year-old apple tree, when grown in prostrate shrub form, has a length of 6.4 m and a diameter at the base of 26.7 cm. Its weight in an absolutely dry state is 51.9 kg. The phytomass of the aboveground part of a 113-year-old apple tree averages 164 kg in an absolutely dry state, being distributed by fractions: 1.8% (leaves), 3.4% (stem) and 94.8% (branches), respectively

scholarly journals Lichens of fruit trees in the selected locations in Podlaskie Voivodeship [North-Eastern Poland]

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Matwiejuk
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Ramalina Farinacea

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the diversity of the lichen species on fruit trees (Malus sp., Pyrus sp., Prunus sp. and Cerasus sp.) growing in orchards in selected villages and towns in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Fifty-six species of lichens were found. These were dominated by common lichens found on the bark of trees growing in built-up areas with prevailing heliophilous and nitrophilous species of the genera Physcia and Phaeophyscia. A richer lichen biota is characteristic of apple trees (52 species) and pear trees (36). Lichens of the apple trees constitute 78% of the biota of this phorophyte growing in the fruit orchards in Poland. Of the recorded species, only two (Ramalina farinacea, Usnea hirta) are covered by partial protection in Poland.

Long-term effects of preplant liming on apple trees and soil cation levels

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-549
Author(s):  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
E. J. Hogue ◽  
P. B. Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Key Words Apple

Nine years after liming a sandy loam orchard soil to pH 6.0 with calcium hydroxide or dolomitic lime, pH and extractable Ca and Mg were still higher where limed than where unlimed. However, pH had decreased below 5.0 in the limed and N-fertilized plots. Delicious (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple tree nutrition benefited from the two soil amendments. Leaf Mg was increased by dolomite. Leaf Ca was increased by calcium hydroxide. Leaf Mn, although highest in unlimed soils, increased over time for both limed and unlimed soil. Key words: Apple, lime application, reacidification

scholarly journals Integration of terrestrial laser scanning and spectral canopy scanner in horticulture applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tamás ◽  
P. Riczu ◽  
A. Nagy ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
I. Gonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hail Net ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
The University

One of the most difficult challenge in the everyday practice to describe the canopy growing of fruit trees in an orchard. The photosynthetic activity is the basic of the primer production of plants. The measurement of leaf area and determination of the photosynthetic activity could be occurred with some elaborated methods between experimental conditions. In this article we present such an integrated methodology, which is ideal to determine the geometric and spectral characteristic of fruit trees between field conditions.We have carried out laser scanning technology to investigate the geometric-topological characteristics and parallel the active infra-red sensor to collect spectral data about an apple orchard. The surveys were worked out in an intensive apple orchard with drip irrigation system, protected by hail net in Study and Regional Research Farm of the University of Debrecen near Pallag. This study shows the filtering and interpretation methods of created data. The produced high accuracy data can be directly used in the precision horticulture. It could serve as a guiding data to implementation a future “virtual horticulture”. Higher spatial and temporal resolution could help for a better recognition of water balance of orchards.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Characteristics of Ancient Malus x domestica Borkh. Fruits Recovered across Siena in Tuscany

Medicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Berni ◽  
Claudio Cantini ◽  
Massimo Guarnieri ◽  
Massimo Nepi ◽  
Jean-Francois Hausman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Malus X Domestica ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Malus X Domestica Borkh ◽  
The Many

Background: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables contributes to lowering the risk of chronic diseases. The fruits of Malus x domestica are a rich dietary source of bioactive compounds, namely vitamins and antioxidants, with recognized action on human health protection. Tuscany is known for its rich plant biodiversity, especially represented by ancient varieties of fruit trees. Particularly noteworthy are the many ancient Tuscan varieties of apple trees. Methods: Sugar quantification via HPLC and spectrophotometric assays to quantify the antioxidant power and total polyphenol content revealed interesting differences in 17 old varieties of Malus x domestica Borkh. recovered in Siena (Tuscany). Results: The quantification of antioxidants, polyphenols, and the main free sugars revealed that their content in the old fruits was often superior to the widespread commercial counterparts (‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’). Such differences were, in certain cases, dramatic, with 8-fold higher values. Differences were also present for sugars and fibers (pectin). Most ancient fruits displayed low values of glucose and high contents of xylitol and pectin. Conclusions: The results reported here suggest the possible use of ancient apple varieties from Siena for nutraceutical purposes and draw attention to the valorization of local old varieties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document