Variation in the sea level, ice concentration and ice drift speed near northern land archipelago in the autumn-winter period

Understanding long-term changes in large-scale sea ice drift in the Southern Ocean is of considerable interest given its contribution to ice extent, to ice production in open waters, with associated dense water formation and heat flux to the atmosphere, and thus to the climate system. In this paper, we examine the trends and variability of this ice drift in a 34-year record (1982–2015) derived from satellite observations. Uncertainties in drift (~3 to 4 km day–1) were assessed with higher resolution observations. In a linear model, drift speeds were ~1.4% of the geostrophic wind from reanalyzed sea-level pressure, nearly 50% higher than that of the Arctic. This result suggests an ice cover in the Southern Ocean that is thinner, weaker, and less compact. Geostrophic winds explained all but ~40% of the variance in ice drift. Three spatially distinct drift patterns were shown to be controlled by the location and depth of atmospheric lows centered over the Amundsen, Riiser-Larsen, and Davis seas. Positively correlated changes in sea-level pressures at the three centers (up to 0.64) suggest correlated changes in the wind-driven drift patterns. Seasonal trends in ice edge are linked to trends in meridional winds and also to on-ice/off-ice trends in zonal winds, due to zonal asymmetry of the Antarctic ice cover. Sea ice area export at flux gates that parallel the 1000-m isobath were extended to cover the 34-year record. Interannual variability in ice export in the Ross and Weddell seas linked to the depth and location of the Amundsen Sea and Riiser-Larsen Sea lows to their east. Compared to shorter records, where there was a significant positive trend in Ross Sea ice area flux, the longer 34-year trends of outflow from both seas are now statistically insignificant.

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Glacial-interglacial mean sea level pressure change due to sea level, ice sheet and atmospheric mass changes

Global and Planetary Change ◽

10.1016/0921-8181(91)90115-d ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 333-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marie-Antoinette Mélières ◽

Patricia Martinerie ◽

Dominique Raynaud ◽

Louis Lliboutry

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Ice Sheet ◽

Pressure Change ◽

Sea Level Pressure ◽

Mean Sea Level ◽

Level Pressure ◽

Level Ice ◽

Atmospheric Mass

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On the problem of abnormal sea ice drift speed in the Arctic seas

Deep Sea Research Part B Oceanographic Literature Review ◽

10.1016/0198-0254(86)94299-8 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 995

Keyword(s):

Sea Ice ◽

The Arctic ◽

Arctic Seas ◽

Drift Speed ◽

Ice Drift ◽

Sea Ice Drift

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Ice Tank Testing of a Surface Buoy for Arctic Conditions

Volume 3: Pipeline and Riser Technology; Ocean Space Utilization ◽

10.1115/omae2008-57331 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oddgeir Dalane ◽

Ove Tobias Gudmestad ◽

Sveinung Lo̸set ◽

Jo̸rgen Amdahl ◽

Tor Erik Hilde`n ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Results ◽

Floating Structures ◽

Deep Waters ◽

Ice Drift ◽

Arctic Conditions ◽

Ice Conditions ◽

Level Ice ◽

Ridged Ice ◽

Ice Forces ◽

Multiyear Ice

A moored Shallow Draught Buoy (SDB) for potential operations in Arctic waters was tested during the summer of 2006 in the model laboratory basin at the Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA) in Hamburg. The conceptual design of this buoy was based on the design of the Kulluk exploration vessel which operated in the Beaufort Sea in the 1980’s and early 1990’s. The concept was tested in ice conditions representing level ice, multiyear ice and ridged ice, where the ice thickness, ice drift velocity and flexural strength were varied in the different test runs. Moored structures are believed to be favourable in deep waters with ice present, but there exist insufficient information and data about the actions on and behaviour of moored floating structures in ice to support this. The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the model test results and look at the dynamic ice loading and response of the structure. The ice forces on the structure were calculated from the structure’s response and response power density spectra were used to evaluate the periodic forces and displacements. Based on the analysis of the test data, an increased understanding of the behaviour of the surface buoy is presented.

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Subsurface Ice Transport at a Transversally Towed Ship Model

Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology ◽

10.1115/omae2017-61841 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Li Zhou ◽

Rüdiger U. Franz von Bock und Polach ◽

Xu Bai

Keyword(s):

Froude Number ◽

Densimetric Froude Number ◽

Ship Model ◽

Drift Speed ◽

Ice Accumulation ◽

Underwater Cameras ◽

Low Froude Number ◽

Broken Ice ◽

Level Ice ◽

Ice Floes

The subsurface transport of ice along the underwater body of a ship hull or a structure may cause damages to appendages. In order to investigate the conditions under which the ice accumulation occurs, a series of model tests was carried out in the ice basin of Aalto University. The used ship model was towed laterally against the ice with one side breaking level ice. The transport of broken ice floes broken off from the intact ice sheet has been has been monitored with underwater cameras. Both the model drift speed, respectively the ice drift speed, and the ice thickness are found to affect ice accumulation process. The Densimetric Froude number is introduced as measured to determine whether ice floes will accumulate on the upstream of the hull. It is found that ice accumulation is triggered at relatively low Froude number.

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Evaluation of Arctic sea-ice drift and its dependency on near-surface wind and sea-ice concentration and thickness in the coupled regional climate model HIRHAM-NAOSIM

10.5194/tc-2019-183 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyong Yu ◽

Annette Rinke ◽

Wolfgang Dorn ◽

Gunnar Spreen ◽

Christof Lüpkes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Sea Ice ◽

Climate Model ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Surface Wind ◽

Arctic Sea Ice ◽

Near Surface ◽

Drift Speed ◽

Ice Drift ◽

Sea Ice Drift

Abstract. We examine the simulated Arctic sea-ice drift speed for the period 2003–2014 in the coupled Arctic regional climate model HIRHAM-NAOSIM 2.0. In particular, we evaluate the dependency of the drift speed on the near-surface wind speed and sea-ice conditions. Considering the seasonal cycle of Arctic basin averaged drift speed, the model reproduces the summer-autumn drift speed well, but significantly overestimates the winter-spring drift speed, compared to satellite-derived observations. Also, the model does not capture the observed seasonal phase lag between drift and wind speed, but the simulated drift speed is more in phase with near-surface wind. The model calculates a realistic negative relationship between drift speed and ice thickness and between drift speed and ice concentration during summer-autumn when concentration is relatively low, but the correlation is weaker than observed. A daily grid-scale diagnostic indicates that the model reproduces the observed positive relationship between drift and wind speed. The strongest impact of wind changes on drift speed occurs for high and moderate wind speeds, with a low impact for calm conditions. The correlation under low-wind conditions is overestimated in the simulations, compared to observation/reanalysis. A sensitivity experiment demonstrates the significant effects of sea-ice form drag included by an improved parameterization of the transfer coefficients for momentum and heat over sea ice. However, this does not improve the agreement of the modelled drift speed/wind speed ratio with observations based on reanalysis for wind and remote sensing for sea ice drift. An improvement might be possible, among others, by tuning the open parameters of the parameterization in future.

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Simulated impacts of relative climate change and river discharge regulation on sea ice and oceanographic conditions in the Hudson Bay Complex

Elem Sci Anth ◽

10.1525/elementa.2020.00127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer V. Lukovich ◽

Shabnam Jafarikhasragh ◽

Paul G. Myers ◽

Natasha A. Ridenour ◽

Laura Castro de la Guardia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sea Ice ◽

River Discharge ◽

Hudson Bay ◽

Sea Ice Concentration ◽

Changing Climate ◽

Ice Drift ◽

Ice Concentration ◽

Sea Ice Drift ◽

Discharge Regulation

In this analysis, we examine relative contributions from climate change and river discharge regulation to changes in marine conditions in the Hudson Bay Complex using a subset of five atmospheric forcing scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), river discharge data from the Hydrological Predictions for the Environment (HYPE) model, both naturalized (without anthropogenic intervention) and regulated (anthropogenically controlled through diversions, dams, reservoirs), and output from the Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean Ice-Ocean model for the 1981–2070 time frame. Investigated in particular are spatiotemporal changes in sea surface temperature, sea ice concentration and thickness, and zonal and meridional sea ice drift in response to (i) climate change through comparison of historical (1981–2010) and future (2021–2050 and 2041–2070) simulations, (ii) regulation through comparison of historical (1981–2010) naturalized and regulated simulations, and (iii) climate change and regulation combined through comparison of future (2021–2050 and 2041–2070) naturalized and regulated simulations. Also investigated is use of the diagnostic known as e-folding time spatial distribution to monitor changes in persistence in these variables in response to changing climate and regulation impacts in the Hudson Bay Complex. Results from this analysis highlight bay-wide and regional reductions in sea ice concentration and thickness in southwest and northeast Hudson Bay in response to a changing climate, and east-west asymmetry in sea ice drift response in support of past studies. Regulation is also shown to amplify or suppress the climate change signal. Specifically, regulation amplifies sea surface temperatures from April to August, suppresses sea ice loss by approximately 30% in March, contributes to enhanced sea ice drift speed by approximately 30%, and reduces meridional circulation by approximately 20% in January due to enhanced zonal drift. Results further suggest that the offshore impacts of regulation are amplified in a changing climate.

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Long-term tendencies in variations of hydro-meteorological characteristics in Kaliningrad Oblast

Journal of Oceanological Research ◽

10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2020.48(1).3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 45-61

Author(s):

Z.I. Stont ◽

S.E. Navrotskaya ◽

B.V. Chubarenko

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Winter Period ◽

Southeastern Part ◽

Kaliningrad Oblast ◽

Average Annual Temperature ◽

The Baltic ◽

And Sea Level

The variability (1901–2018) of the average annual values of air temperature, precipitation and sea level with climate averaging (within 30-year climatic periods with a shift of the 30- year “window” in 10-year increments) was analyzed for the coastal zone of the Kaliningrad Oblast (the territory of Russia in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea). It was found that their synchronous increase was identified in the second half of the twentieth century (from the 1950s), intensified in 1961–1990 and, especially, in 1991–2018. This increase provides an apparently high correlation coefficients between the time variations of the 30-year average of these parameters (r = 0.70÷0.95), although in fact this synchronous increase is a response to external (for the region) impact. Considering the link between the variations of 30-year averages around the lines of their positive trends, it was found that this link (a) is extremely weak for precipitation and air temperature (r = 0.10); (b) is weak for sea level and precipitation (r = 0.48); and is rather high for sea level and air temperature (r = 0.85). Analysis of changes in average annual values of these parameters within 30-years periods showed that trends for the air temperature and sea level were extreme in the last period (1991–2018). A more detailed consideration of changes in the average annual temperature, precipitation and sea level over 15-year half-periods within time of growth (1961–2018) showed that the main increase occurred in the first half of this interval, and this increase was slightly slowed down in the second half. The increase in average annual air temperature is mainly due to an increase in temperature in winter and spring, which is associated with a decrease in contrast between seasons. The ambiguity of the contribution of extreme levels to the growth of the average annual level (4.5 cm/decade) was shown for 1961–2018: the positive trends of the minimum level was 3.4 cm/decade, and for the maximum level – 1.2 cm/decade. It was noted that the main increase in the average annual level was due to the growth of the level in the winter period. The reason may be an increase in the number of warm and humid winters due to general climate warming.

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