scholarly journals Laboratory-scaled Azimuthal Resistivity Survey for Fracture Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 873 (1) ◽  
pp. 012079
Author(s):  
R Salam ◽  
W W Parnadi
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
Resistivity Survey ◽  
Homogenous Medium ◽  
Glass Plates ◽  
Dipole Configuration ◽  
Azimuthal Resistivity ◽  
Test Objects

Abstract We conducted azimuthal resistivity survey (ARS) at laboratory scale to study apparent resistivity patterns due to fracture existing in subsurface through physical modeling using test objects buried in a sandbox as well as in a test location outside laboratory building. This survey was divided into 2 experiments, i.e. experiment A and experiment B. In experiment A the survey is implemented on 2.50 m x 1.5 m x 0.81 m sandbox, made of 10mm thick glass plates. Sandstone was used as medium representing quasi homogenous medium. Clay roof tiles as well as steel plates as test objects were buried in the sandbox with three different deep angles: 90°, 45° and 0°. In experiment B this survey was conducted outside laboratory building on the grass field and implemented on 2.50 m x 2.5 m x 1.0 m soil body. Vertical single glass plate as well as vertical double glass plates at 30 cm distance were buried in the soil body. Azimuthal resistivity measurements at 15° angular step using Wenner and dipole-dipole configuration were carried out in both experiments located at 1 point just above anomalous object for experiment A and at 3 points at 15 cm distance from anomalous object for experiment B. As a compliment to ARS we acquired profiling data from two lines parallel and perpendicular to horizontal axis of anomalous object. Our results show that the apparent resistivity pattern can show the direction of anomalous object for both configurations and experiments with a little deviation.

scholarly journals Electroless Deposited Gold Nanoparticles on Glass Plates as Sensors for Measuring the Dielectric Constant of Solutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kobayashi ◽  
Y. Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Au Nanoparticle ◽  
Peak Wavelength ◽  
Nanoparticle Deposition ◽  
Metal Plating ◽  
Large Dielectric Constant ◽  
Electroless Metal Plating ◽  
Glass Plates

This work describes a method for the deposition of Au nanoparticles on glass plates (Au-glass). An electroless metal plating technique was extended to the Au nanoparticle deposition. The technique consisted of three steps that took place on the glass plate: (1) adsorption of Sn2+ ions, (2) deposition of metallic Ag nuclei generated by reducing Ag+ ions with Sn2+ ions on the Sn-adsorbed sites, and (3) deposition of Au nanoparticles by reducing Au+ ions on the Ag surface. TEM observation revealed that metallic Au nanoparticles with a size of  nm were formed on the glass surface. A surface plasmon resonance absorption peak was observed, and its peak wavelength redshifted by immersing the Au-glass into a solution with a large dielectric constant. The redshift corresponded qualitatively to the calculation by the Mie theory accompanying the Drude expression, which was based on the change of the dielectric constant of the solution. The obtained results indicated that the Au-glass functioned as a sensor for measuring the dielectric constant of the solution.

scholarly journals Are We Reduced To Using Scraps Of Cut Film?

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
Sterling Newberry
Keyword(s):  
Glass Plate ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glass Plates ◽  
Good For

Kent Christensen documents the values of glass photographic plates1 and also their demise. As a former user of glass plates for microscopy, radiography, autoradiographyandspectroscopy, I sympathize with Kent. Today there are substitute sheet and or roll films for most of the glass plate applications. For example, [ have found Kodak's "Trnax" films as sensitive as lantern plates for soft X-rays and nearly as good for resolution. Tmax is also a good general purpose emulsion for the laboratory, with the possibility of reversal development for slides and availability in a range of formats including 120 and four by five. Perhaps we should recognize the passing of the glass plate as part of current times and inscribe "RIP" over our hallowed collection of glass negatives. After all, many predict that electronic photography will eventually replace all forms of chemical photography.

Ultrasound Imaging Using Multilayer Synthetic Aperture Focusing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Skjelvareid ◽  
Yngve Birkelund
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Homogenous Medium ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Focusing ◽  
Original Time ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Test Objects

Synthetic aperture focusing techniques (SAFT) have already been studied within several fields of non-destructive testing, but so far only with a single, relatively homogenous medium. In this article, we modify the original time-domain SAFT in order to image the interior of a multilayer structure. Standard focusing techniques assume that the wave velocity is constant within the volume to be imaged. The concept of the root-mean-square (RMS) velocity is used here to modify the classical delay-and-sum algorithm to handle layers with differing wave velocities. A scheme for iteratively using this to estimate the interfaces between the layers is also presented. The proposed method is demonstrated on ultrasonic B-scans of two test objects immersed in water, and it is shown that the increased lateral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of standard SAFT is extended to the multilayer case. The increased resolution also makes it possible to accurately estimate the interfaces between consecutive layers, as long as the preceding interfaces are relatively smooth.

Drilling of Borosilicate Glass with Feedback Control Based on Cutting Force

2011 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiro Ohzeki ◽  
Fumihito Arai
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Machining System ◽  
Glass Plates

This paper deals with drilling of borosilicate glass with feedback control based on cutting force, in order to provide a basis for defect-free machining of through-holes on borosilicate-glass plates. In this work a machining system which can be operated at a predetermined cutting force by changing the feed rate based on cutting force measured by a piezoelectric type of cutting dynamometer was developed. Subsequently, drilling tests of borosilicate glass was carried out with the developed system. Based on the results of the drilling tests, It has been confirmed that feedback control based on cutting force has the possibility of defect-free drilling of borosilicate-glass plate under specific conditions.

Features of Glass Plate Hardening by the Ion Exchange Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
D. Petrov ◽  
L. Bragina ◽  
L. Demydchuk
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Planar Geometry ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Thermal Hardening ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Ion Exchange Method ◽  
Glass Plates ◽  
Chemical Hardening

In this work various methods of glass plate hardening are considered. These plates are used to protect defense devices. As a glass was used system R2O-B2O3-SiO2. The method of thermal hardening was considered. Technological disadvantages of this method were discovered by analyzing Newton's rings and a polarizing plate. The use of chemical hardening has shown its advantages over the thermal method. The essence of the method is the ion exchange of alkali metals between glass plates and the chemical mixture melt. The operating principle of the chemical hardening equipment and its technology were considered. As a result, hardened glass plates with preservation of planar geometry were obtained.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Resistivity Anisotropy of Parts of Ijebu Igbo, Southwestern, Nigeria Using Azimuthal Resistivity Survey (ARS) Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayewu Olateju O. ◽  
Oloruntola Moroof O. ◽  
Mosuro Ganiyu O. ◽  
Folorunso Ismail O. ◽  
Kolawole Ajibola. U.
Keyword(s):  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Resistivity Survey ◽  
Resistivity Anisotropy ◽  
Azimuthal Resistivity

Differentiating anisotropy and lateral effects using azimuthal resistivity offset Wenner soundings

Geophysics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Watson ◽  
Ron D. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Fracture Anisotropy ◽  
Formation Resistivity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Alternative Field ◽  
Azimuthal Resistivity ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Azimuthal resistivity surveys increasingly are being used by hydrogeologists in the identification and characterization of fractured rocks. In these investigations, electrical resistivity is measured as a function of azimuth about a fixed central point. In most recent published examples, any observed change in apparent resistivity with azimuth is interpreted as being indicative of fracture anisotropy. However, interpretation of rotational sounding data is actually more complicated, as azimuthal variations in apparent resistivity are also produced by the presence of dipping stratigraphy and other lateral changes in formation resistivity. Such effects are generally overlooked because the field techniques normally employed are incapable of detecting them. Consequently, it is quite probable that the results of many published surveys have been wrongly interpreted. An alternative field procedure and interpretation methodology has been developed to differentiate anisotropy, dipping layers, and lateral effects. This approach makes use of the offset Wenner technique and examines the different responses of the individual Wenner resistances above different geological structures. Analysis of data obtained using the azimuthal offset Wenner technique from sites in Britain and Ireland have successfully identified subsurface structures and determined the anisotropy where it is present.

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