Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food and nutrition security in Indonesia

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has negative impacts on the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) goal number 2: Zero Hunger. The poor and temporary unemployed, due to pandemic, experienced the hardest hit. Objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of the pandemic on the achievement of the SDGs goal 2, especially the targets 2.1 and 2.2 (universal access to safe and nutritious food and end all forms of malnutrition). The scope of this study was at the country level, and data used were from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS/Statistics Indonesia) and related ministries for the 2015‒2020 period. Data were analyzed using a qualitative and quantitative descriptive approach. This study indicated that the pandemic disrupted the improvement of food and nutrition security in Indonesia that has been achieved until 2019. Compared to the previous year, in 2020, the prevalence of undernourishment (8.34%) and food quality consumed measured by the desirable dietary pattern (86.3) worsened, and the prevalence of food insecurity experience scale (5.12%) decreased but at a slower rate. The low-income households and families headed by a women or disabilities were among the most vulnerable groups in maintaining food security. The government social assistance programs distributed timely have resulted in positive impacts in easing the burden. Since the pandemic has not ended yet, the social safety net programs should be extended and the government’s effort to maintain food supply and price stabilization should be continued.

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Limitations of Inclusive Agribusiness in Contributing to Food and Nutrition Security in a Smallholder Community. A Case of Mango Initiative in Makueni County, Kenya

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12145521 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 5521 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James Wangu ◽

Ellen Mangnus ◽

A.C.M. (Guus) van Westen

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Safety Net ◽

Resource Scarcity ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Research Approach ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Household Food ◽

Food And Nutrition

Food and nutrition security remain at the top of development priorities in low income countries. This is especially the case for smallholder farmers who derive their livelihood from agriculture yet are often the most deprived. Inclusive agribusinesses have been championed as a key strategy to address local constraints that limit smallholders’ participation in regional and global value chains, thereby enhancing their livelihood, and food and nutrition security, accordingly. In this paper, based on a mixed method research approach, we explore the potential food and security contribution of inclusive agribusiness in Makueni county, Kenya. We focus on the smallholders’ constraints and needs, exploring the extent to which these are addressed by such purported pro-poor approach. First, using independent sample t-tests and a probit regression model, we explore who are able to participate in an ongoing intervention. We compare how participants and non-participants differ in terms of key socio-economic characteristics and establish which of these attributes are associated with successful integration into the business. Second, we again use independent sample t-tests to determine how the participants and non-participants compare in terms of their food and nutrition security. The household food and nutrition security is assessed with the conventional measurement tools: the household food insecurity access scale and the household food dietary diversity score. We find that participation in the inclusive agribusiness favors smallholder households with relatively higher production capacity in terms of better physical capital (land and number of mango trees, financial capital), access to loans, and human capital (age, education, and family size). Following income improvement, the participants’ household food security situation is significantly better than for non-participants. However, participation does not improve household dietary diversity, implying that improvement in income does not necessarily lead to better household nutrition security. To address the limitations of inclusive agribusiness, we propose policymakers and development actors to critically explore the contextual background prior to intervention design and implementation, and accordingly devise a broader approach for more inclusivity of the very poor and marginalized, and better food and nutrition security outcomes as a result. Given that not every smallholder could benefit from inclusive agribusiness for their food needs due to resource scarcity, alternative livelihood supports, including social protection programs and safety net plans, should be considered.

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Examining the impact of COVID-19 and its related lockdown on food security and job losses: A case of Kumasi, Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-992274/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Frank Adusei

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Online Marketing ◽

Time Range ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Abstract The COVID-19 and partial lockdown has brought significant effects on the entire economy, especially on food security and job losses. This study was carried out in Asokwa Municipal with the objective of examining the impact of COVID-19 disease and its related lockdown on food and nutrition security and job losses. The study site form part of the cities in Ghana to experience the partial lockdown, hence it qualifies for the selection. Both primary and secondary data were used. By means of purposive sampling technique, fifty respondents were selected as sample size. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive and narrative posture to the presentation, discussion and analysis of data. Open-ended questionnaire and a checklist were used for data collection through semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that, food and nutrition insecurity, job loss and income reductions are still very common, affecting participants livelihood. Disproportionally affected are households whose income comes from farming, transporters, informal labour, as well as marketers.It was concluded that food insecurity is not outside the impact of COVID-19 and its associated partial lockdown. Food and nutrition security are the global concern at present circumstances. The supply chain has been hit hardest by COVID-19, which causes food insecurity of most vulnerable segment of population which put them at risk. And also, most of the migrant, informal, seasonal farm workers were losing their jobs which may affect their demand for food. Therefore, the government should step-up the measures to control the pandemic without disturbing the food supply chain. The development and use of online marketing strategies where people can make orders of various produce and booked for purchases and or deliveries during a stated time range should be promoted.

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Nutrition from a climate change perspective

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665118002896 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 380-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. I. Macdiarmid ◽

S. Whybrow

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Low Income ◽

Crop Production ◽

Food System ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Sustainable Diets ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Food And Nutrition

Climate change is threatening future global food and nutrition security. Limiting the increase in global temperature to 1·5 °C set out in The Paris Agreement (2015) while achieving nutrient security means overhauling the current food system to create one that can deliver healthy and sustainable diets. To attain this, it is critical to understand the implications for nutrition of actions to mitigate climate change as well as the impacts of climate change on food production and the nutrient composition of foods. It is widely recognised that livestock production has a much greater environmental burden than crop production, and therefore advice is to reduce meat consumption. This has triggered concern in some sectors about a lack of protein in diets, which hence is driving efforts to find protein replacements. However, in most high- and middle-income countries, protein intakes far exceed dietary requirements and it would even if all meat were removed from diets. Reduction in micronutrients should be given more attention when reducing meat. Simply eating less meat does not guarantee healthier or more sustainable diets. Climate change will also affect the type, amount and nutrient quality of food that can be produced. Studies have shown that increased temperature and elevated CO2 levels can reduce the nutrient density of some staple crops, which is of particular concern in low-income countries. Nutrition from a climate change perspective means considering the potential consequences of any climate action on food and nutrition security. In this paper, we discuss these issues from an interdisciplinary perspective.

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Nature’s “Free Lunch”: The Contribution of Edible Insects to Food and Nutrition Security in the Central Highlands of Madagascar

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10122978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2978

Author(s):

Jochen Dürr ◽

Christian Ratompoarison

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Edible Insects ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Wild Harvesting ◽

Central Highlands

Edible insects are a healthy, sustainable, and environmentally friendly protein alternative. Thanks to their quantitative and qualitative protein composition, they can contribute to food security, especially in Africa, where insects have been consumed for centuries. Most insects are still harvested in the wild and used for household consumption. So far, however, little attention has been paid to insects’ real contribution to food security in low-income countries. Entomophagy, the human consumption of insects, is widespread in many rural areas of Madagascar, a country, at the same time, severely affected by chronic malnutrition. This case study was carried out in a region where entomophagy based on wild harvesting is a common practice and malnutrition is pervasive. The data were obtained in 2020 from a survey among 216 households in the rural commune of Sandrandahy in the central highlands of Madagascar. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were used to show the relative importance of insects for the local diet and to test various hypotheses related to food security. Results show that insects contribute significantly to animal protein consumption, especially in the humid season, when other protein sources are scarce. They are a cheap protein source, as much esteemed as meat by the rural population. There are no significant differences in the quantities of insects consumed by poorer versus richer households, nor between rural and urban households. Insect consumption amounts are strongly related to the time spent on wild harvesting. The importance of edible insects for poor, food-insecure rural areas and how entomophagy can be promoted for better food and nutrition security are discussed.

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Food and Nutrition Security at Risk in Later Life: Evidence from the United Kingdom Expenditure & Food Survey

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s004727941000070x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 471-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

CHRIS DEEMING

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Low Income ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Household Characteristics ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Food And Nutrition

AbstractSecuring adequate food and nutrition is essential for the maintenance of our health and function in society. This article examines the household characteristics associated with food and nutrition security in the United Kingdom population aged 60 years and over. Data are taken from the Expenditure and Food Survey, a continuous cross-sectional survey of household expenditure, food consumption and income. Survey data for 2002–05 provided a total sample of 5,600 households. Household food consumption is evaluated using national Dietary Reference Values recommended by the Department of Health. A multivariate logistic regression model examines the risk of being food and nutrition insecure by individual and household characteristics. The results suggest that certain sections of the older population are significantly more at risk of food insecurity than others: low-income households, the oldest-old, elderly from black and minority ethnic groups, those with a disability and men living alone. Influencing nutrition of elderly people in the home is complex and poses a major challenge to social policy. Coordinated activity at national and local levels will be required to help ensure that some of the most vulnerable members of society achieve healthy balanced diets.

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Analysis of Food and Nutrition Security in Pakistan: A Contribution to Zero Hunger Policies

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.3.1025.1042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Abdul Hameed ◽

Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda ◽

Abdul Salam

Keyword(s):

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Zero Hunger

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Pengembangan Metode Evaluasi Komitmen Ketahanan Pangan Dan Gizi Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Di Indonesia

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v4i2.2020.140-146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

Novfitri Syuryadi ◽

Drajat Martianto ◽

Dadang Sukandar

Keyword(s):

Evaluation Method ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Regional Government ◽

Political Commitment ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

The Government

Background: Methods of evaluation of the regional government’s commitment in the development of food and nutrition security are not yet available. The index that measures the government’s commitment to national food and nutrition security is HANCI. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a method of evaluating the commitment of the regional government in the development of food and nutrition security.Objectives: This study aimed to develop a method of evaluating the commitment of regional government in the development of food and nutrition security. Methods: The design of this study was a cross-sectional study using secondary data that refers to HANCI measurements. This research stage consisted of identification of potential indicators, qualitative selection of candidate indicator, assessment of indicator used the scoring method, and applied the method to provinces in Indonesia. Results: The result showed shortlist of 42 commitment indicators of food and nutrition security and aggregate score of provinces. Only 2.9% of provinces had high commitment and 17.6% of provinces with low commitment level. Highest rank was achieved by East Java Province and the lowest rank was East Nusa Tenggara Province. Low political commitment could lead to low priority of food and nutrition interventions. The government was in need to make regulations/policies and prepare adequate budgets for specific and sensitive food and nutrition programs.Conclusions: Development of this evaluation method is relevant to show the commitment of the regional government. The government needs to improve efforts to address problems of food and nutrition.ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Metode evaluasi komitmen pemerintah daerah provinsi dalam pembangunan ketahanan pangan dan gizi saat ini belum tersedia. Index yang mengukur komitmen pemerintah terhadap ketahanan pangan dan gizi secara nasional adalah HANCI. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode evaluasi komitmen pemerintah daerah provinsi dalam pembangunan ketahanan pangan dan gizi.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode evaluasi komitmen pemerintah daerah provinsi dalam pengembangan ketahanan pangan dan gizi.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional study dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang mengacu pada pengukuran HANCI. Tahap penelitian terdiri dari identifikasi indikator potensial, seleksi calon indikator secara kualitatif, perhitungan skor menggunakan metode scoring, dan aplikasi metode pada provinsi di Indonesia.Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan shortlist 42 indikator komitmen ketahanan pangan dan gizi dan skor agregat provinsi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa hanya 2,9% provinsi yang memiliki komitmen tinggi dan 17,6% provinsi memiliki tingkat komitmen rendah. Provinsi Jawa Timur berada pada peringkat pertama sedangkan peringkat terakhir ditempati oleh Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Komitmen politik yang rendah dapat menyebabkan rendahnya prioritas intervensi pangan dan gizi. Pemerintah perlu membuat peraturan/kebijakan dan menyiapkan anggaran yang memadai untuk program pangan dan gizi secara spesifik maupun sensitif.Kesimpulan: Pengembangan metode telah relevan digunakan untuk melihat komitmen pemerintah daerah provinsi. Pemerintah perlu meningkatkan upaya berupa pembuatan peraturan dan kebijakan serta anggaran untuk penanganan masalah pangan dan gizi.

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Strategic evaluation of the Food and Nutrition Security Plan of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652018000600010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 617-630

Author(s):

Mick Lennon MACHADO ◽

Cristine Garcia GABRIEL ◽

Josimari Telino de LACERDA ◽

Patrícia Maria de Oliveira MACHADO

Keyword(s):

Universal Access ◽

The State ◽

Strategic Analysis ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Adequate Food ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Evaluation And Monitoring ◽

And Training

ABSTRACT Objective A strategic analysis was carried out in order to verify the relevance of the Food and Nutrition Security Plan of the state of Santa Catarina to the Brazilian concept of Food and Nutrition Security. Methods A matrix containing 7 dimensions, 16 sub-dimensions and 35 indicators was used for the evaluation, which were evaluated as poor, regular, good and excellent for each component. Results The Plan was evaluated as being of good relevance to its objective. However, it was only relevant to 53% of the analyzed dimensions, and the dimension of promoting universal access to adequate food had the worst result. The dimensions of developing permanent processes of education, research and training, and of evaluation and monitoring, obtained the best results, with the Plan being evaluated as of good relevance to these dimensions. Still, for half of the sub-dimensions and for 60% of the analyzed indicators, the Plan was evaluated as poor or regular. Conclusion It is hoped that the results of this research can qualify the Plan researched, as well as stimulate reflections for the construction of Plans in the other Brazilian states.

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What is the food and nutrition security situation of Santa Catarina municipalities? Results of a multidimensional assessment

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-9865202033e190267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

Author(s):

Amanda de Araújo Figueredo GUEDES ◽

Mick Lennon MACHADO ◽

Milena Corrêa MARTINS ◽

Barbara Leone SILVA ◽

Patrícia Maria de Oliveira MACHADO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Universal Access ◽

Careful Examination ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Adequate Food ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

The Matrix ◽

Municipal Level

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the food and nutrition security situation of all municipalities of a Brazilian state. Methods The investigation was conducted using an assessment matrix developed through consensus workshops. The matrix is composed of 7 dimensions, 11 subdimensions, 27 indicators, and 59 items. Data were collected at the municipal level from different public databases using the state of Santa Catarina as the case study basis. Municipalities were classified according to their food and nutrition security situation as poor, fair, good, or excellent. Results Of the 295 Santa Catarina municipalities, 65.4% were rated as poor or fair in terms of food and nutrition security. The best-rated dimension was Continuing education, research, and training in food and nutrition security, followed by Agroecological production and sustainable food supply and Universal access to water and sanitation. The dimensions with the worst results were Food and nutrition at all levels of healthcare, Universal access to adequate food, and Assessment and monitoring. The dimension Traditional peoples and communities could not be evaluated because data were not available at the municipal level. Conclusion This study evidenced the need for a careful examination of the reality of Santa Catarina municipalities, as it made it possible to qualitatively characterize public policies within the context of food and nutrition security. The findings may contribute to the debate on evaluation and assist managers in strengthening food and nutrition security policies in Brazilian municipalities.

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