scholarly journals PUMMA (Perangkat Ukur Murah untuk Muka Air) performance for water level monitoring of mangrove ecosystem in Pangandaran

2021 ◽  
Vol 925 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
N R Prasetiawan ◽  
D Novianto ◽  
A Setiawan ◽  
S Husrin ◽  
R Bramawanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Data Gap ◽  
Water Level Measurements

Abstract PUMMA is a real-time tide gauge that has been operating in several locations in Indonesia. One of them was installed in a mangrove area of Pangandaran that supports both the fisheries and tourism sectors. Tidal dynamics is one of the factors that can affect fish abundance in the mangrove ecosystem. PUMMA Pangandaran monitors the water levels of the mangrove ecosystem in real-time 24/7 and produces CCTV images. This paper aims to analyze the performance of the PUMMA in Pangandaran based on data from water level measurements and image quality from CCTV. The results show that the tidal range in the waters of the mangrove ecosystem in Pangandaran is 1.3 m, with the maximum and minimum high tides being 0.79 m and -0.53 m. The tidal type in the mangrove ecosystem in Pangandaran is semidiurnal and affected by geometry of the estuary. The water level in the mangrove area was influenced by sediments that form a sandbar at the mouth of the Ciputrapinggan River, which controls the fluxes of seawater. There is a data gap of 368 hours during the operation period of PUMMA, and mostly due to technical problems that often occurred at the beginning of the installation. However, after March and April, its performance was improved with only three hours data gap. For the quality of CCTV images, good quality contributed to about 76.67% and only 5.06% on bad quality. Overall, PUMMA’s performance showed excellent reliability in monitoring the water levels and the conditions of the mangrove ecosystem.

scholarly journals Precise water level measurements using low-cost GNSS antenna arrays

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-685
Author(s):  
David J. Purnell ◽  
Natalya Gomez ◽  
William Minarik ◽  
David Porter ◽  
Gregory Langston
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Level Measurements

Abstract. We have developed a ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique for monitoring water levels with a comparable precision to standard tide gauges (e.g. pressure transducers) but at a fraction of the cost and using commercial products that are straightforward to assemble. As opposed to using geodetic-standard antennas that have been used in previous GNSS-R literature, we use multiple co-located low-cost antennas to retrieve water levels via inverse modelling of signal-to-noise ratio data. The low-cost antennas are advantageous over geodetic-standard antennas not only because they are much less expensive (even when using multiple antennas in the same location) but also because they can be used for GNSS-R analysis over a greater range of satellite elevation angles. We validate our technique using arrays of four antennas at three test sites with variable tidal forcing and co-located operational tide gauges. The root mean square error between the GNSS-R and tide gauge measurements ranges from 0.69–1.16 cm when using all four antennas at each site. We find that using four antennas instead of a single antenna improves the precision by 30 %–50 % and preliminary analysis suggests that four appears to be the optimum number of co-located antennas. In order to obtain precise measurements, we find that it is important for the antennas to track GPS, GLONASS and Galileo satellites over a wide range of azimuth angles (at least 140∘) and elevation angles (at least 30∘). We also provide software for analysing low-cost GNSS data and obtaining GNSS-R water level measurements.

AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL MONITORING WITH IOT AND LPWAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Krum Videnov ◽  
Vanya Stoykova
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Water Level Monitoring

Monitoring water levels of lakes, streams, rivers and other water basins is of essential importance and is a popular measurement for a number of different industries and organisations. Remote water level monitoring helps to provide an early warning feature by sending advance alerts when the water level is increased (reaches a certain threshold). The purpose of this report is to present an affordable solution for measuring water levels in water sources using IoT and LPWAN. The assembled system enables recording of water level fluctuations in real time and storing the collected data on a remote database through LoRaWAN for further processing and analysis.

scholarly journals Determining Extreme Still Water Levels for Design and Planning Purposes Incorporating Sea Level Rise: Sydney, Australia

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Phil J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Tide Gauge Record ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides an Extreme Value Analysis (EVA) of the hourly water level record at Fort Denison dating back to 1915 to understand the statistical likelihood of the combination of high predicted tides and the more dynamic influences that can drive ocean water levels higher at the coast. The analysis is based on the Peaks-Over-Threshold (POT) method using a fitted Generalised Pareto Distribution (GPD) function to estimate extreme hourly heights above mean sea level. The analysis highlights the impact of the 1974 East Coast Low event and rarity of the associated measured water level above mean sea level at Sydney, with an estimated return period exceeding 1000 years. Extreme hourly predictions are integrated with future projections of sea level rise to provide estimates of relevant still water levels at 2050, 2070 and 2100 for a range of return periods (1 to 1000 years) for use in coastal zone management, design, and sea level rise adaptation planning along the NSW coastline. The analytical procedures described provide a step-by-step guide for practitioners on how to develop similar baseline information from any long tide gauge record and the associated limitations and key sensitivities that must be understood and appreciated in applying EVA.

Long-Term Tidal Water Level Measurements in Abu Dhabi Emirate

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Tidal Analysis ◽  
Tidal Motion ◽  
Tidal Water ◽  
Abu Dhabi Emirate ◽  
Tidal Constituents ◽  
Water Level Measurements

Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates has a unique tidal system. Understanding the tidal hydrodynamics in Abu Dhabi waters is very important for the design of the hydraulic structures and in the marine environmental studies. The objective of this study is to investigate the tidal water levels and tidal motion in Abu Dhabi, making use of the long-term water levels available. To achieve the aim of the study, the National Energy and Water Research Center (NEWRC) of Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority installed tidal gauges at different locations in Abu Dhabi waters to obtain long-term water level measurements. At present, long-term water level measurements for at least 3 years period are available at different locations in Abu Dhabi waters. Tidal analysis was carried out on the available data to determine the characteristics of the tidal wave in Abu Dhabi Emirate and to get the main tidal constituents affecting the tidal motion. The obtained tidal constituents are used in updating and improving the boundary conditions of the numerical hydrodynamic models simulating the flow pattern in Abu Dhabi waters. The set up of the water level measurement program in Abu Dhabi waters and the results of the tidal analysis are presented and discussed in the paper.

Precise ground-based GNSS-reflectometry water level measurements using multiple low-cost antennas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Purnell ◽  
Natalya Gomez ◽  
William Minarik ◽  
Gregory Langston
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multiple Antennas ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Tropospheric Delay ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Gnss Reflectometry ◽  
Water Level Measurements ◽  
Level Sensors

<p>GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a promising new technique to monitor water levels due to easier and cheaper installation of instruments in remote environments compared to traditional acoustic sensors or pressure gauges. GNSS stations that have been used for reflectometry purposes thus far are designed for monitoring land motion and may cost more than 10,000 USD each. We have found that a low-cost GNSS antenna and receiver (10 USD) can be used to make equally precise water level measurements, with an RMSE of a few centimeters when compared to a collocated acoustic sensor. However, an RMSE of less than one centimeter is typical for water level sensors and this level of accuracy is desired for research purposes. Two of the dominant sources of error in GNSS-R measurements are the effects of random noise in the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) data and tropospheric delay. Modelling work suggests that these sources of error can be reduced by using multiple low-cost antennas in the same location. In light of this, we have installed an experimental setup of antennas at various locations along the Saint Lawrence River and Initial results show that multiple antennas can be used to provide more precise measurements than a single antenna. Our installations of multiple antennas are less than 5% of the cost of stations that have been used in previous GNSS-R literature. Hence this approach could be applied to install a dense network of water level sensors along rivers, lakes or coastlines at a relatively low cost. We expect that this approach could also be applied to GNSS-R soil moisture or snow depth measurements.</p>

Uncertainty in coastal flooding: modelling and visualisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Maskell
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
High Water ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Flood Maps

<p>Two case studies are considered in the UK, where uncertainty and drivers of coastal flood risk are explored through modelling and visualisations. Visualising the impact of uncertainty is a useful way of explaining the potential range of predicted or simulated flood risk to both expert and non-expert stakeholders.</p><p>Significant flooding occurred in December 2013 and January 2017 at Hornsea on the UK East Coast, where storm surge levels and waves overtopped the town’s coastal defences. Uncertainty in the potential coastal flooding is visualised at Hornsea due to the range of uncertainty in the 100-year return period water level and in the calculated overtopping due to 3 m waves at the defences. The range of uncertainty in the simulated flooding is visualised through flood maps, where various combinations of the uncertainties decrease or increase the simulated inundated area by 58% and 82% respectively.</p><p>Located at the mouth of the Mersey Estuary and facing the Irish Sea, New Brighton is affected by a large tidal range with potential storm surge and large waves. Uncertainty in the coastal flooding at the 100-year return period due to the combination of water levels and waves is explored through Monte-Carlo analysis and hydrodynamic modelling. Visualisation through flood maps shows that the inundation extent at New Brighton varies significantly for combined wave and surge events with a joint probability of 100 years, where the total flooded area ranges from 0 m<sup>2</sup> to 10,300 m<sup>2</sup>. Waves are an important flood mechanism at New Brighton but are dependent on high water levels to impact the coastal defences and reduce the effective freeboard. The combination of waves and high-water levels at this return level not only determine the magnitude of the flood extent but also the spatial characteristics of the risk, whereby flooding of residential properties is dominated by overflow from high water levels, and commercial and leisure properties are affected by large waves that occur when the water level is relatively high at the defences.</p>

scholarly journals Research and Application of Key Technologies for Dynamic Control of Reservoir Water Level in Flood Season

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3576
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yaowu Min ◽  
Baofei Feng ◽  
Weixin Duan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Reservoir Water Level ◽  
Danjiangkou Reservoir ◽  
Flood Season

In today’s reservoir operation study, it is urgent to solve the issues on improving flood resource utilization, maximizing reservoir impoundment, and guaranteeing water supply through real-time regulation optimization under the premise of ensuring flood control safety and taking risks properly. Based on previous studies, the key real-time operation technologies for dynamic control of reservoir water levels in flood season are summarized. The Danjiangkou Reservoir was taken as an example, the division of flood stages, reservoir water level requirements for improving water supply guarantee, dynamic control indexes of reservoir water level for beneficial use in stages during the flood season, and flood control dispatching indexes are proposed. Moreover, a practicable real-time flood forecast operation scheme for Danjiangkou Reservoir was compiled. Its application in 2017 indicated that the established scheme can provide strong technical support to ensure the overall benefits of Danjiangkou Reservoir, including flood control, water supply, and power generation.

scholarly journals Early warning flood detector adopting camera by Sobel Canny edge detection algorithm method

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1796
Author(s):  
Satryo B. Utomo ◽  
Januar Fery Irawan ◽  
Rizqi Renafasih Alinra
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Edge Detection ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Level Gauge ◽  
Canny Edge Detection ◽  
Canny Edge

Early warning of floods is an essential part of disaster management. Various automatic detectors have been developed in flood mitigation, including cameras. But reliability and accuracy have not been improved. Besides, the use of monitoring devices has been employed to monitor water levels in various water building facilities. The early warning flood detector was carried out with a sensor camera using an orange ball that floats near the water level gauge in a bounding box. This approach uses the integration of computer vision and image processing, namely digital image processing techniques, with Sobel Canny edge detection (SCED) algorithms to detect quickly and accurately water levels in real-time. After the water level is measured, a flood detection process is carried out based on the specified water level. According to the results of experiments in the laboratory, it has been shown that the proposed approach can detect objects accurately and fast in real-time. Besides, from the water level detection experiment, good results were obtained. Therefore, the object detection system and water level can be used as an efficient and accurate early detection system for flood disasters.

scholarly journals Estimating Real-Time Water Area of Dongting Lake Using Water Level Information

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Yuannan Long ◽  
Rong Tang ◽  
Changshan Wu ◽  
Changbo Jiang ◽  
Shixiong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Maximum Water

Dongting Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China, is an important water source for the Yangtze River Basin. The water area of Dongting Lake fluctuates significantly daily, which may cause flooding and other relevant disasters. Although remote sensing techniques may provide lake area estimates with reasonable accuracy, they are not available in real-time and may be susceptible to weather conditions. To address this issue, this paper attempted to examine the relationship between lake area and the water levels at the hydrological stations. Multi-temporal water area data were derived through analyzing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery using the Automatic Water Extraction Index (AWEI). Then we analyzed the inter- and intra-annual variations in the water area of the Dongting Lake. Corresponding water level information at hydrological stations of the Dongting Lake were obtained. Simple linear regression (SLR) models and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) models were constructed using water levels and water level differences from the upstream and downstream hydrological stations. We used the data from 2004 to 2012 and 2012, respectively, to build the model, and applied the data from 2013 to 2015 to evaluate the models. Results suggest that the maximum water area of the Dongting Lake during 2000–2015 has a clear decreasing trend. The variations in the water area were characterized by hydrological seasons, with the annual minimum and maximum water areas occurring in January and September, respectively. The water level at the Chengjingji station, and water level differences between upstream stations and the Chengjingji station, play a major role in estimating the water area. Further, results also show that the SMLR established in 2012 performs the best in estimating water area of the Dongting Lake, especially with high water levels.

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