scholarly journals Creation of a comfortable environment in urban and rural settlements based on bionic principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042026
Author(s):  
Irina Mayatskaya ◽  
Batyr Yazyev ◽  
Denis Demchenko ◽  
Svetlana Yazyeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Settlements

Abstract The article is devoted to the problems of creating comfortable living conditions for the inhabitants of rural and urban settlements. Architectural bionics is a branch of architecture in which great attention is paid to the study of the form and organization of natural objects and the design of building structures in a bionic style for residents of both rural and urban settlements. Currently, it is necessary to change the urban environment, taking into account all aspects of harmonious development and taking into account the natural features of the region. Many architects around the world are working in this direction. The use of modern materials makes it possible to create structures that are unique in shape and structure. Optimality in creating a comfortable human environment, taking into account the minimum impact on nature, is the task of designing structures.

Modern Glass Constructions and Comfortable Urban Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 754-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A. Mayatskaya ◽  
Svetlana B. Yazyeva ◽  
Nadezhda I. Zakieva ◽  
Anastasia P. Lapina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
Urban People

The paper deals with the glass designs use for creating a comfortable living environment for urban people. Examples of a harmonious combination of building structures and natural objects are shown. Attention is paid to the external facade and the interior space of buildings, where glass constructions were used.

Movement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo F. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Free Blacks ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Vast Network

Caribbean spaces were nourished physically and culturally by their sea links and a vast network of terrestrial connections uniting small rural settlements and larger urban spaces like Cartagena and Habana. Free blacks and slaves frequently traveled between different caribben locales, and between urban settlements and rural areas in the region, where they had contact with maroon blacks. These elastic, unbounded migrations proved to be journeys of historical consequence. The chapter explores how black ritual practitioners and their cosmopolitan practices of knowledge production about the natural world moved within this vibrant world. It argues that black ritual practitioners’ claims about the world emerged from local particulars that fostered an adaptive praxis predicated on the experiential. Early modern Caribbean epistemologies about the body were shaped not only by ritual specialists, but also by their patients. The chapter shows how this was a population that was highly mobile and exposed to ideas and treatments coming from all over the world. In the Caribbean, this amalgamating culture was driven by the imperatives of creating new healing techniques that could be deployed under myriad biological, political, cultural, and economical circumstances.

Retrospect of Settlement Pattern in Yakutia Based on Analysis of Population Censuses

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Gavrilyeva ◽  
E. A. Kolomak ◽  
A. I. Zakharov ◽  
K. V. Khorunova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Rural And Urban

The article assesses the intensity of transformation of settlement pattern in Yakutia, the largest northern region of Russia, based on an analysis of 1939-2010 censuses and contemporary statistics. Scope of the work includes the following: to assess key socio-economic results of rural and urban settlement pattern transformation in the 20th century, to determine the most persistent primary units of settlement pattern, and to identify current trends in the settlement pattern of Yakutia. The research database was built based on digitization of Federal State Statistics Service in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) population censuses archives. The period under review shows a trend toward larger size of settlements due to two parallel processes: urbanization as a result of industrial development, and compression of rural settlement system due to amalgamation of rural settlements. From 1939 to the present time, Yakutia’s settlement system has been evolving from dispersed type to large settlement type. There were two major waves in the structuring of space in Yakutia. During the first one, caused by industrialization and complete collectivization, shrinking of rural settlement system was accompanied by setup of rural and urban settlements; it started in the 1930s and lasted until late 1950s. The second wave, concurrent with controlled compression of rural settlement pattern as part of elimination of unpromising sovkhoz state farms, was associated with a full-scale development of urban settlement pattern under planned Soviet deployment. Starting from 2002, market mechanisms have changed the direction of development of settlement system and spatial structure of economic activity. Despite several constraints, which include high transportation costs, focal development, key role of mining and resource sector, distinctive features of traditional economies and agriculture, agglomeration processes have gained momentum in the region. Spatial concentration of population is taking place at relatively high rates, primarily in the core of the system - Yakutsk agglomeration. Compression capacity of settlement system in the region is far from being exhausted, as evidenced by behavior of Theil and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices, as well as by average population density of settlements.

Between Technê and Technology

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Being And Time ◽  
Western History ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

In his later work, Heidegger argued that Western history involved a sequence of distinct understandings of being and correspondingly distinct worlds. Dreyfus illustrates several distinct world styles by contrasting Greek, industrial, and technological practices for using equipment. By reading Being and Time in the light of Heidegger’s later concerns with the history of being, Dreyfus shows how Heidegger’s own account of equipment in Being and Time helped set the stage for technology by encouraging an understanding of being that leaves equipment and natural objects open to a technological reorganization of the world into a standing reserve of resources. Seen in the light of the relation of nature and technology revealed by later Heidegger, Being and Time appears in the history of the being of equipment not just as a transition but as the decisive step toward technology.

Compassion, Suffering, Morality: Ethical Dilemmas in Caring

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anne J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The World

Few healthy people welcome death, but most would welcome a quick, easy death to avoid suffering and the loss of control over their lives. We need to ask: what sort of human environment do we hope for at the end of our lives? What will the world and our own living in it look like when we know we are about to die? What kind of human relationships will sustain us through this most personal of life's experiences when we may become more dependent on others? Do we fear we will either be abandoned through lack of meaningful personal contact with significant others, or be actors in a tragi-comedy of pretense in which authentic forms of human expression are unattainable?

scholarly journals The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security in Rural and Urban Settlements in Benin: Do Allotment Gardens Soften the Blow?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7313
Author(s):  
Mawuna Donald Houessou ◽  
Annemijn Cassee ◽  
Ben G. J. S. Sonneveld
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Allotment Gardens ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Rural Producers ◽  
Cordon Sanitaire

A Rapid Food Security Appraisal among 240 rural and urban dwellers in southern Benin was conducted, using univariate and bivariate analyses, to evaluate the effects of the imposed COVID-19 ‘cordon sanitaire’ on food consumption patterns. As this is one of the first empirical studies on the COVID-19 food security nexus, we found that the raging pandemic has affected the food security pillars (availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability) in both rural and urban areas, within and outside the cordon sanitaire. The steepest decline was observed among respondents who live inside the cordon sanitaire, where rural producers and urban inhabitants without access to allotment gardens were hit hard. Increased food prices, disruptions in food logistics, and inability to work due to movement restrictions were most frequently indicated as reasons for the decline. Access to allotment gardens effectively supported households in mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food crisis.

Insurgency, Land Rights and Feminism: Zapatista Women Building Themselves as Political Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-109
Author(s):  
Clara Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Land Rights ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This article discusses how Zapatista women have built themselves as transformative political subjects that disrupt the racist, classist, and patriarchal nation-state. It underscores the importance of reflecting on Zapatista women, on their struggle for particular demands specified in the Revolutionary Women’s Law, especially the collective struggle for obtaining rights such as to land, to participate politically, and to organize themselves in the armed struggle. Instead of entering into debate over whether Zapatista women are feminists or not, this article recognizes how, besides transforming living conditions, the Zapatistas have organized politically and gone from a process of invisibility, silence, and obedience to one of recognition, speech, and command. In this sense, the struggle of Zapatista women is an example of theoretical and practical ruptures within the history of class, gender, and race struggled in Mexico and the world.

PROBLEMS OF PLASTIC PARKING SOLUTIONS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Shipilov ◽  
◽  
T.S. Kuzmenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
The World ◽  
Characteristic Features

This article deals with the problem of designing car parks in the modern urban environment. Special attention is paid to the search for architectural expressiveness. The article reveals the methods of achieving architectural expressiveness. The characteristic features of plastic solutions for car parks based on the world experience in the construction and construction of such buildings and structures are highlighted and described separately. The author's solution of car Parking on the selected site with the use of space-rod construction of the coating, as one of the techniques of plastic solutions, is given.

Identifying land cover suitability factors for photovoltaic installations with focus on cropland and urban areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhura Yeligeti ◽  
Wenxuan Hu ◽  
Yvonne Scholz ◽  
Kai von Krbek
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Settlements

<p>Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems will foreseeably be an integral part of future energy systems. Land cover area analysis has a large influence on estimatiin of long-term solar photovoltaic potential of the world in high spatial detail. In this regard, it is often seen in contemporary works, that the suitability of various land cover categories for PV installation is considered in a yes/no binary response. While some areas like natural parks, sanctuaries, forests are usually completely exempted from PV potential calculations, other land over categories like urban settlements, bare, sparsely vegetated areas, and even cropland can principally support PV installations to varying degrees. This depends on the specific land use competition, social, economic and climatic conditions, etc. In this study, we attempt to evaluate these ‘factors of suitability’ of different land cover types for PV installations.</p><p>As a basis, the openly available global land cover datasets from the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service were used to identify major land cover types like cropland, shrubland, bare, wetlands, urban settlements, forests, moss and snow etc. For open area PV installations, with a focus on cropland, we incorporated the promising technology of ‘Agri-voltaics’ in our investigation. Different crops have shown to respond positively or negatively, so far, to growing under PV panels according to various experimental and commercial sources. Hence, we considered 18 major crops of the world (covering 85% of world cropland) individually and consequently, evaluated a weighted overall suitability factor of cropland cover for PV, for three acceptance scenarios of future.</p><p>For rooftop PV installations in urban areas, various socio-economic and geographical influences come in play. The rooftop area available and further usable for PV depends on housing patterns (roof type, housing density) which vary with climate, population density and socio-economic lifestyle. We classified global urban areas into several clusters based on combinations of these factors. For each cluster, rooftop area suitability is evaluated at a representative location using the land cover maps, the Open Street Map and specific characteristics of the cluster.</p><p>Overall, we present an interdisciplinary approach to integrate technological, social and economic aspects in land cover analysis to estimate PV potentials. While the intricacies may still be insufficient for planning small localized energy systems, this can reasonably benefit energy system modelling from a regional to international scale.</p>

Optimizing the multi-hazard resilience of bridge and building structures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mendez-Galindo ◽  
Gianni Moor ◽  
Borja Baillés
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shock Transmission ◽  
The World

<p>As the expectations of populations all around the world continue to increase in relation to the resilience of their bridges and buildings to hazards such as seismic events, the need for appropriate solutions – which can be applied both to new structures and to existing ones – grows accordingly. A wide range of solutions is available, such as shock absorbers and shock transmission units which can be used to dampen or optimally transmit forces that would otherwise damage a structure, and seismic isolators which can protect buildings and bridges from destructive ground motions. Expansion joints can be equipped with features that protect a bridge, at its key movement nodes, from damage due to larger-than-expected movements, and structural health monitoring (SHM) can be used to enable hazards to be identified and to provide immediate notification of any event that might make a structure unsafe. Various such methods of enhancing resilience of structures to seismic and other hazards are described.</p>

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