scholarly journals Study on the biparametrical transudations circuits with distributed parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
S F Amirov ◽  
A Kh Sulliev ◽  
A T Sanbetova ◽  
I Kurbonov
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Resonance Mode ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Turbofan Engines ◽  
Distributed Parameters ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Engine Construction ◽  
Novel Methods

Abstract This paper highlights the methods of resenting mode in the transudation with distributed parameters. The transient parameters of the power supply were analyzed. It was discovered that resonance is provided in a small range of movement of the moving component of the sensor in known turbofan engines, indicating that the known techniques of sustaining the resonance mode are flawed. Further study should focus on developing novel methods for preserving resonance mode over the entire range of change of the converted value, general principles of turbojet engine construction, and a complete examination of their resonant circuits, according to the findings.

POWER SUPPLY OF FARM TRACTOR INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
OTARI N. DIDMANIDZE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Tractors

Determining the prospects for the development of the tractor fl eet in Russia and its supplying with power units is an important task in establishing a technological foundation to eff ectively tackle the problems of agricultural production. Taking into consideration the indicator of power supply in agriculture in the world’s economically developed countries, the authors consider the domestic needs in agricultural tractors and engines. As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the fl eet of agricultural tractors is at a low level of about 200 thousand units, and it requires further serious development. To ensure eff ective agricultural production, it is necessary to balance the level of farm tractor availability in Russia with that of economically advanced countries. The indicator of 4 kW/ha was taken as a promising level of tractor availability, and the required number of tractors was determined. The analysis was carried out for the cultivation of arable land in Russia with an area of 80 million hectares as of 2020 and amounted to about 2.5 million units for the entire range of agricultural tractors taking into account their traction class. To cultivate all arable areas in Russia, which amounted to about 120 million hectares in 1990, a third more equipment will be required. To maintain the tractor fl eet at this level, it is necessary to ensure an annual supply of at least 250 thousand units of various engines with a total capacity of at least 320 GW. This problem can be solved through increasing the production capacity of existing engine-building plants and designing new diesel engines for tractors of traction classes 0.6…1.4 with a capacity between 20 and 70 kW.

Generalized Optimization of Counter-Rotating and Single-Rotating Fans

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timea Lengyel-Kampmann ◽  
Christian Voß ◽  
Eberhard Nicke ◽  
Klaus-Peter Rüd ◽  
Reinhold Schaber
Keyword(s):  
Global Optimization ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
Turbofan Engines ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Bypass Ratio ◽  
Total Pressure Ratio

On possible fan concept for future high and ultra-high bypass ratio turbofan engines is the counter-rotating (CR) fan. Several studies [1][2][3][4] dealt already with the optimization of CR fans, however the mass flow and the total pressure ratio were typically given and fixed for a specified application. The results of these studies showed a benefit of the CR fan compared to the conventional single-rotating (SR) fan, which strongly depended on the engine cycle. Following this experience, it was necessary to further specify the efficiency benefits more precisely in association with fan total pressure ratio and fan inlet axial Mach number. The results are discussed in this present paper. A special emphasis was given on determining the optimal pressure ratio, for which the CR-fan expectably achieves the maximal efficiency benefit. The idea was to perform a global optimization study without any constraints for the operating point inside of a broad (ΠFan, Max) –range, for the rotational speeds and with only a few constraints for the geometry of the blades to avoid infeasible geometries. An adequate range for the fan pressure ratio (ΠFan) and for the axial Mach number (Max) was chosen for the global optimization covering the entire range from current to potential future ultra-high bypass ratio engine applications, also taking into account a reduced nacelle diameter and thus high axial fan inflow Mach numbers. The focus of the present study was to develop a method for the global optimization of a fan stage. As a result of this study, the maximal achievable efficiency is shown as a function of the fan pressure ratio and the axial Mach number. Thus the efficiency differences between the CR and SR fan can be calculated through the differences between the surfaces for any given set of parameters defining a potential engine. This allows for a generalized assessment of this particular fan concept over the entire range of relevant applications.

scholarly journals Can information from marine protected areas be used to inform control-rule-based management of small-scale, data-poor stocks?

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey R. McGilliard ◽  
Ray Hilborn ◽  
Alec MacCall ◽  
André E. Punt ◽  
John C. Field
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Control Rule ◽  
Scale Data

Abstract McGilliard, C. R., Hilborn, R. MacCall, A., Punt, A. E., and Field, J. C. 2011. Can information from marine protected areas be used to inform control-rule-based management of small-scale, data-poor stocks? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 201–211. Many small-scale, nearshore fisheries lack the historical catch and survey information needed for conventional stock-assessment-based management. The potential use of the ratio of the density of fish outside a marine protected area to that inside it each year (the density ratio, DR) in a control rule is evaluated to determine the direction and magnitude of change in fishing effort in the next year. Management strategy evaluation was used to evaluate the performance of this DR control rule (DRCR) for a range of movement rates of larvae and adults and other biological scenarios, and the parameters of the control rule that maximized cumulative catch (over 95 years) for each scenario were found. The cumulative catch under the optimal DRCR was 90% of the cumulative catch from an optimal constant effort rule (CER). A small range of parameter values for the DRCR produced 75% or more of the cumulative catch produced from optimal CERs for a variety of assumptions about biology and initial stock status. The optimal DRCR was most sensitive to the movement patterns of larvae and adults and survey variability.

POWER SUPPLY OF FARM TRACTOR INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
OTARI N DIDMANIDZE ◽  
◽  
SERGEY N DEVYANIN ◽  
EKATERINA Р PARLYUK ◽  
VLADIMIR A. MARKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Tractors

Determining the prospects for the development of the tractor fl eet in Russia and its supplying with power units is an important task in establishing a technological foundation to eff ectively tackle the problems of agricultural production. Taking into consideration the indicator of power supply in agriculture in the world’s economically developed countries, the authors consider the domestic needs in agricultural tractors and engines. As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the fl eet of agricultural tractors is at a low level of about 200 thousand units, and it requires further serious development. To ensure eff ective agricultural production, it is necessary to balance the level of farm tractor availability in Russia with that of economically advanced countries. The indicator of 4 kW/ha was taken as a promising level of tractor availability, and the required number of tractors was determined. The analysis was carried out for the cultivation of arable land in Russia with an area of 80 million hectares as of 2020 and amounted to about 2.5 million units for the entire range of agricultural tractors taking into account their traction class. To cultivate all arable areas in Russia, which amounted to about 120 million hectares in 1990, a third more equipment will be required. To maintain the tractor fl eet at this level, it is necessary to ensure an annual supply of at least 250 thousand units of various engines with a total capacity of at least 320 GW. This problem can be solved through increasing the production capacity of existing engine-building plants and designing new diesel engines for tractors of traction classes 0.6…1.4 with a capacity between 20 and 70 kW.

New replica method with plasma polymerized film by glow discharge

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
A. Tanaka ◽  
M. Yamaguchi ◽  
T. Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Plasma Polymerization ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Replica Method ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
High Voltage Power Supply ◽  
Negative Glow ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Molecules

The plasma polymerization replica method and its apparatus have been devised by Tanaka (1-3). We have published several reports on its application: surface replicas of biological and inorganic specimens, replicas of freeze-fractured tissues and metal-extraction replicas with immunocytochemical markers.The apparatus for plasma polymerization consists of a high voltage power supply, a vacuum chamber containing a hydrocarbon gas (naphthalene, methane, ethylene), and electrodes of an anode disk and a cathode of the specimen base. The surface replication by plasma polymerization in negative glow phase on the cathode was carried out by gassing at 0.05-0.1 Torr and glow discharging at 1.5-3 kV D.C. Ionized hydrocarbon molecules diffused into complex surface configurations and deposited as a three-dimensionally polymerized film of 1050 nm in thickness.The resulting film on the complex surface had uniform thickness and showed no granular texture. Since the film was chemically inert, resistant to heat and mecanically strong, it could be treated with almost any organic or inorganic solvents.

New form of Transmission Cross Coefficient for High-Resolution Imaging

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Kazuo Ishizuka
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Diffracted Waves

It is well known that taking into account spacial and temporal coherency of illumination as well as the wave aberration is important to interpret an image of a high-resolution electron microscope (HREM). This occues, because coherency of incident electrons restricts transmission of image information. Due to its large spherical and chromatic aberrations, the electron microscope requires higher coherency than the optical microscope. On an application of HREM for a strong scattering object, we have to estimate the contribution of the interference between the diffracted waves on an image formation. The contribution of each pair of diffracted waves may be properly represented by the transmission cross coefficients (TCC) between these waves. In this report, we will show an improved form of the TCC including second order derivatives, and compare it with the first order TCC.In the electron microscope the specimen is illuminated by quasi monochromatic electrons having a small range of illumination directions. Thus, the image intensity for each energy and each incident direction should be summed to give an intensity to be observed. However, this is a time consuming process, if the ranges of incident energy and/or illumination direction are large. To avoid this difficulty, we can use the TCC by assuming that a transmission function of the specimen does not depend on the incident beam direction. This is not always true, because dynamical scattering is important owing to strong interactions of electrons with the specimen. However, in the case of HREM, both the specimen thickness and the illumination angle should be small. Therefore we may neglect the dependency of the transmission function on the incident beam direction.

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