POWER SUPPLY OF FARM TRACTOR INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
OTARI N. DIDMANIDZE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Tractors

Determining the prospects for the development of the tractor fl eet in Russia and its supplying with power units is an important task in establishing a technological foundation to eff ectively tackle the problems of agricultural production. Taking into consideration the indicator of power supply in agriculture in the world’s economically developed countries, the authors consider the domestic needs in agricultural tractors and engines. As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the fl eet of agricultural tractors is at a low level of about 200 thousand units, and it requires further serious development. To ensure eff ective agricultural production, it is necessary to balance the level of farm tractor availability in Russia with that of economically advanced countries. The indicator of 4 kW/ha was taken as a promising level of tractor availability, and the required number of tractors was determined. The analysis was carried out for the cultivation of arable land in Russia with an area of 80 million hectares as of 2020 and amounted to about 2.5 million units for the entire range of agricultural tractors taking into account their traction class. To cultivate all arable areas in Russia, which amounted to about 120 million hectares in 1990, a third more equipment will be required. To maintain the tractor fl eet at this level, it is necessary to ensure an annual supply of at least 250 thousand units of various engines with a total capacity of at least 320 GW. This problem can be solved through increasing the production capacity of existing engine-building plants and designing new diesel engines for tractors of traction classes 0.6…1.4 with a capacity between 20 and 70 kW.

POWER SUPPLY OF FARM TRACTOR INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
OTARI N DIDMANIDZE ◽  
◽  
SERGEY N DEVYANIN ◽  
EKATERINA Р PARLYUK ◽  
VLADIMIR A. MARKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Tractors

Determining the prospects for the development of the tractor fl eet in Russia and its supplying with power units is an important task in establishing a technological foundation to eff ectively tackle the problems of agricultural production. Taking into consideration the indicator of power supply in agriculture in the world’s economically developed countries, the authors consider the domestic needs in agricultural tractors and engines. As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the fl eet of agricultural tractors is at a low level of about 200 thousand units, and it requires further serious development. To ensure eff ective agricultural production, it is necessary to balance the level of farm tractor availability in Russia with that of economically advanced countries. The indicator of 4 kW/ha was taken as a promising level of tractor availability, and the required number of tractors was determined. The analysis was carried out for the cultivation of arable land in Russia with an area of 80 million hectares as of 2020 and amounted to about 2.5 million units for the entire range of agricultural tractors taking into account their traction class. To cultivate all arable areas in Russia, which amounted to about 120 million hectares in 1990, a third more equipment will be required. To maintain the tractor fl eet at this level, it is necessary to ensure an annual supply of at least 250 thousand units of various engines with a total capacity of at least 320 GW. This problem can be solved through increasing the production capacity of existing engine-building plants and designing new diesel engines for tractors of traction classes 0.6…1.4 with a capacity between 20 and 70 kW.

scholarly journals Agroindustrial complex: problems and instigating trends

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Anatol'evna Zhuravleva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex

The article analyzes the current problems, functional strategies and instigating trends of the agroindustrial complex. The author describes the possible ways of solving problems and considers the prospects for the development of small-scale enterprises based on the existing government support programs for rural areas. Among the most acute problems for the successful development of farms, the author identifies the following groups of problems: 1. Economic problems: rising prices for fuels and lubricants; the volatility of the ruble exchange rate; the constant increase in tariffs for gas, electricity, fertilizers, machinery for agricultural production; the disproportion of prices of products and resources spent on their production; the lack of long-term supportive programs of preferential lending and leasing services; low level of innovation and investment activity; low level of solvency of the population; unsatisfactory state of telephone and Internet communications, roads and transport links; monopolization of sales markets by large agricultural holdings; insufficient development of marketing and logistics issues; weak image advertising of farm products and the lack of integrated marketing communications, which reduce the profitability and profitability of agricultural production. 2. Technological problems: technical and technological lagging behind the developed countries; low technological efficiency of agricultural production of peasant farms; a high degree of deterioration of the equipment and machinery. 3. Ecological problems: industrial and agricultural enterprises impacting on the environment; the inrease in land fertility; the use of pesticides leading to soil and water pollution; the lack of effective control over the quality and safety of food. 4. Social problems of rural areas: the lack of educational institutions with educational services of high quality and developed infrastructure; the lack of jobs for the adult population and youth's low interest in farming as a way of life; domestic problems. 

scholarly journals Improving the Economic Efficiency of Agricultural Production by its Diversification in the Republic of Karakalpakstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 306-312
Author(s):  
T. Jiemuratov ◽  
S. Baijanov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Land Water

The article describes the importance of diversifying in the agriculture production. The main directions of diversification of production have been identified due to the production capacity of each region of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The directions of diversification of agricultural production in the Republic of Karakalpakstan are determined on the basis of the production potential of the regions. The statistical analysis of the production of basic agricultural products has been carried out. We can see from the analyzes that the production of vegetables, melons and dairy products corresponds to the level of consumer demand in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. However, the needs of the population in fruits, berries, eggs, grapes, fish, honey and potatoes remain unsatisfactory. The degree of the diversification in agriculture production is very low. Analyzing the composition of arable land in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, 75% of the total arable land is allocated for cotton and grain crops. Despite significant growth in the vegetable, melon and livestock sectors in the country, the service infrastructure, material resources and most research and educational institutions are intended to grow raw cotton and cereals. But availability of natural lakes, convenience of growing fodder for poultry, availability of labor force allow to raise the degree of the agricultural diversification in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The level of use of land, water, labor and other opportunities varies in different regions of the Republic. Therefore, the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan is divided into 4 conditional zones and the main directions of the agricultural diversification are determined for each region separately.

European and Ukrainian experience in financial support to farming activities through fiscal instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040-1063
Author(s):  
E.A. Nepochatenko ◽  
E.T. Prokopchuk ◽  
B.S. Guzar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Tax Regimes

Subject. The article considers financial regulation through the use of tax mechanisms. Objectives. The aim of the study is to evaluate European and Ukrainian practices of fiscal incentives for farming through fiscal instruments with VAT playing the key role. Methods. In the study we employed economic and statistical research methods, like monographic, comparison, scientific generalization. Results. Based on the analysis of VAT implementation on farmers in developed countries in Europe we substantiated the conclusion about its focus on simplifying the tax procedures and eliminating the negative impact on operations of economic entities. Special tax treatment (including VAT collection) is mainly used to streamline tax relations, taking into account the specifics of farming, rather than to improve the financial support to farms. We revealed that in the Ukrainian practice its main task is financial support to agricultural production. Conclusions and Relevance. The experience of developed European countries on the use of special tax regimes and taxation procedures should serve as a model for Ukraine. Financial incentives for agricultural production development should be directly supported by the State, and special tax treatment and tax administration should be focused on streamlining tax relations in the region, based on the practice of developed European countries such as UK, Germany, Italy and France.

Prospects for increasing the volume of agricultural production for export due to the expansion and intensification of the use of Russian land resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Gennadiy A. Polunin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Near Future

The article is devoted to substantiating the prospects for increasing the marginal volumes of agricultural production for export in the next four years. Two scenarios of such production are considered: 1) expansion and 2) intensification of the use of land resources. As part of the development of the first scenario, an analysis of the distribution of unused agricultural land, including arable land, by federal districts was carried out. Also, based on the forecast of the introduction of additional annual volumes of acreage in the subjects of the Federation, the calculation of additional volumes of agricultural production, which can be expected in the next four years, was carried out. The analysis of data on the increase in the yield of export-oriented crops over the past five years has been carried out, in the framework of the second scenario, the calculation of the projected additional yield due to the intensification of agriculture is presented. The results of the study indicate that the intensification of agriculture will have the greatest impact on the growth of production and export of agricultural products in the near future.

scholarly journals Alternative breeding processes: at which extent Participatory Breeding should modify the concept of ideotypes in plant breeding?

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. D606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Vincourt ◽  
Pierre Carolo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Participatory Breeding ◽  
General Expectation ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Alternative Organizations

The Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) concept emerged twenty years ago, particularly with the aim to build alternative organizations of the plant breeding activities in developing countries. It now as well questions the developed countries, in the frame of a more global expectation to make all the stakeholders more involved in the agricultural production, from the farmers to its final clients. We discuss here some of the questions addressed by this trend with regard to the definition of the ideotype: (a) different forms of PPB? (b) changing the paradigm: Client Oriented Breeding? (c) a new way to manage {genotype * environment} interactions? (d) mainly societal concerns at stake? (e) biodiversity and ideotypes. As the same key, technical, limiting factors are involved in both PPB and classical breeding, it is suggested to consider PPB as one of the ways in the frame of a general expectation for diversification, thus eventually resulting in the promotion of alternative ideotypes, rather than an alternative process.

scholarly journals Heliceculture as a promising area of agricultural production

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Ivan Zubar ◽  
Yuliia Onyshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
World Market ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Development

Purpose. The aim of the article is research of theoretical, organizational and economic aspects of functioning and effective development of farms for growing and processing of snails and substantiation of prospects of heliceculture as a branch of agriculture on the basis of analysis of world experience. Methodology of research. In the course of the research the methods of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, abstraction) and empirical methods (observations, questionnaires, conversations) of economic science are used, which are based on a systematic approach, which allowed to characterize the current state of production and export of heliceculture products, as well as identify key issues in this area of agricultural production. Findings. The concept of “heliceculture” is substantiated and its content is analysed in terms of prospects as a new direction of agricultural production. The historical genesis of the development of traditions of snail products consumption has been studied, as a result of which the first mentions in the history of Ancient Rome, as well as France and Italy have been revealed. An analysis of the dynamics and current state of development of domestic heliculture entrepreneurship, which showed a rapid increase in the number of snail farms and increasing exports of snails to Europe. An overview of the world market for edible snails is made, where there is a noticeable tendency to a gradual annual increase in the consumption of heliculture products. The key elements of the technological process of growing edible snails are analysed, which allowed to systematize a number of basic technological processes and to conclude about the complexity and complexity of this production. The commodity assortment of heliculture has been determined, which includes meat, caviar and snail secretion. The key advantages of Ukraine as a producer and exporter of heliculture products are highlighted, including the availability of labour, proximity to markets, high land supply and dissatisfaction with global demand for these products, which makes it significant for the development of heliculture as an agricultural production. The key problems that hinder the development of snail farming are summarized, namely: legislative unregulation, limited industrial production capacity, lack of diversified processing, limited information and scientific research. The key directions of development of the heliceculture industry are determined, among which: organization of production and marketing heliceculture cooperatives, provision of in-depth processing and year-round uninterrupted production, development of agro-tourism on the basis of snail farms. Originality. A systematic approach to clarifying the definition of “heliceculture” is proposed. On the basis of a thorough study of official statistical information on the state of production of snail products, the importance of heliculture as a promising area of agricultural production is substantiated. Practical value. The obtained research results can be used in the development of an effective concept for the development of the heliculture industry. Key words: heliceculture, heliceculture market, snail farming, small business, family farm.

scholarly journals Trends in agriculture and food production

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
János Lazányi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Agricultural Reform ◽  
Agricultural Output

Agricultural reform resulted a shift from collective farming to small-scale production in China. This reform also has resulted a strong increase in gross agricultural output, which coincides with a slower increase in labour productivity. At the beginning of the reforms, agriculture accounted for 70 percent of total employment in China and still employs more than 50%. As a result of these reforms, China has undergone impressive economic growth also in the agriculture; the country has become one of the world’s top exporters and is attracting record amounts of foreign investment. The government has also stepped up investments in rural areas to meet the market demand for agricultural products. Results are very competitive compared to Central and Eastern European countries, where agriculture accounted for only 15 percent of total employment, but agricultural reform resulted a strong decline in gross agricultural output, which coincides with a similarly strong decline in employment. When approaching the issue of sustainable agriculture, we have to take into consideration, which China and India feed the largest populations in the world and both countries have had its own agricultural successes in the past 50 years. China has used land far more efficiently than many developed countries. With nine percent of the world’s arable land, China is responsible for the greatest share of agricultural production worldwide. Volume of produced pork, eggs, wheat, cotton, tobacco, and rice has increased and China exports an increasing amount of product each year. China has opened his borders, but do not expose food consumers to price shocks and producers to risks and disincentives. In this paper, the land-tenure system and the trends of agricultural developments are analysed in China and selected countries of EU.

Post-Collective Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ho ◽  
Francesco Zaratin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Agricultural Prices ◽  
Rural Industrialization ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Daunting Challenge

Since the start of the economic reforms in 1978, China has developed today into one of the world’s leading producers of agricultural produce—particularly pork, poultry, fruits, vegetables, wheat, corn, and rice. The transition of China’s collectivist Soviet-style agricultural production toward a modernized, mechanized, and market-based agriculture has taken many decades to take effect. A major breakthrough that marked the start of China’s agricultural transition was the nationwide adoption of the Household Contract Responsibility System in the mid-1980s. In addition to these managerial and structural changes, the Chinese government engaged in the liberalization of agricultural prices and supply and marketing systems, as well as the stimulation of agricultural diversification, mechanization, and economies of scale. As agriculture continued to develop, millions of farmers were lifted out of poverty and migrated to the cities to find employment in the industries and services. At the same time, however, China encountered significant problems as a result. For one, how to ensure food security and feed close to one-fifth of the earth’s population with less than one-tenth of its farmland? On top of that, over time vast tracts of fertile, arable land were lost due to its (legal and illegal) conversion into urban construction land. Raising agricultural production was also severely constrained by the small and fragmented nature of Chinese farms. Well into the 2010s, over 90 percent of these were smaller than 2.5 acres, while cropland was scattered over numerous different plots. Furthermore, ensuring adequate social welfare, education, and health care for the rural populace had become a daunting challenge in the face of the growing divide between urban citizens and the peasant population. Last but not least, rapid rural industrialization through township and village enterprises (TVEs), once hailed as a miracle of China’s reforms, had taken a heavy toll in the form of soil, air, and water pollution, giving rise to “cancer villages”, “black rivers,” and heavily degraded natural resources. At the time of this writing, Chinese agriculture is caught in between two worlds: on the one hand, one may find smallholders tilling scattered agricultural plots, on the other hand, there are high-tech food-processing factories and the peri-urban, sometimes ecologically guided industrial farms. The stark contrast between a highly modernized sector versus a traditional one will continue to explain the paradoxical dynamics of Chinese post-collective agriculture for the foreseeable future.

The Global Competitiveness and Comparative Advantages of Agri-Food Sectors

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Balance

In this chapter the emphasis was put on the analysis of indicators of Agri-food sector at the global level, aimed to point out readers to the level of global competitiveness and comparative advantage of Agri-food sector. After reading this chapter readers will be informed on the current structure of agricultural production. They will be able to understand the connection between changes in arable land in the world with the current trend in agricultural production. Readers will be able to understand the role and significance of agricultural and food products production, as the potential for the performance on international market. Indicators of trade of agri-food products, volume of export/import, balance and the coverage of import by export will be analysed. Readers will be able to evaluate the role of some products in turnover globally. They will understand which products are the carriers of export/import in the world and whether such position is in correlation with the existence of a positive comparative advantage of export and intra-industrial exchange. Readers will find out that the foreign exchange of food has a negative balance, which affects the existence of a negative comparative advantage of agri-food products export. They will be introduced also to other authors' attitudes. Special contribution of this chapter is in defining the directives for future research.

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