scholarly journals Evaluation of various preparation methods of oil palm fiber (OPF) biochar for ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ahmad ◽  
Sumathi Sethupathi ◽  
Mohammed J K Bashir ◽  
Sin Ying Tan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Preparation Condition ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract The aim of this study is to develop a oil palm based biochar for the selective removal of NH3-N in low concentration from aquaculture wastewater. In this study, three different preparation methods of biochar were evaluated for the adsorption of NH3-N from synthetic aquaculture wastewater. The three methods are pyrolysis, activation with acid before pyrolysis and activation after pyrolysis with numerous oxidizing agents. In the 1st method, various biochars have been prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures (300 – 500 °C) and holding time (0.5 – 2 hr). The maximum removal efficiency of 50 % was achieved at preparation condition of 300 °C and 2 hr. In the 2nd method, the acid activated raw OPF was pyrolyze at 300 °C, 1 hr. The maximum removal was lower compared to the 1st method without acid treatment. In the 3rd Method, the optimized biochar from the 1st method was activated with different activating agents such as, HNO3, HCl, H3PO4, H2SO4, CH3COOH and H2O2 at 100 °C for 2 hr. It was noticed that activation after pyrolysis did not show any improvement in the removal of NH3-N from synthetic aquaculture wastewater. Characterization of optimized samples were carried out to investigate the adsorption mechanism process of NH3-N. The 1st method (pyrolysis) was the best which reported the highest (50 %) removal of NH3-N. Pyrolyzed OPF is a potential adsorbent for NH3-N.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Palm CNF-ZnO Nanocomposites with Antibacterial and Reinforcing Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5781
Author(s):  
Janarthanan Supramaniam ◽  
Darren Yi Sern Low ◽  
See Kiat Wong ◽  
Loh Teng Hern Tan ◽  
Bey Fen Leo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Potential Applications

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) isolated from plant biomass have attracted considerable interests in polymer engineering. The limitations associated with CNF-based nanocomposites are often linked to the time-consuming preparation methods and lack of desired surface functionalities. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of preparing a multifunctional CNF-zinc oxide (CNF-ZnO) nanocomposite with dual antibacterial and reinforcing properties via a facile and efficient ultrasound route. We characterized and examined the antibacterial and mechanical reinforcement performances of our ultrasonically induced nanocomposite. Based on our electron microscopy analyses, the ZnO deposited onto the nanofibrous network had a flake-like morphology with particle sizes ranging between 21 to 34 nm. pH levels between 8–10 led to the formation of ultrafine ZnO particles with a uniform size distribution. The resultant CNF-ZnO composite showed improved thermal stability compared to pure CNF. The composite showed potent inhibitory activities against Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) and Gram-negative Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) bacteria. A CNF-ZnO-reinforced natural rubber (NR/CNF-ZnO) composite film, which was produced via latex mixing and casting methods, exhibited up to 42% improvement in tensile strength compared with the neat NR. The findings of this study suggest that ultrasonically-synthesized palm CNF-ZnO nanocomposites could find potential applications in the biomedical field and in the development of high strength rubber composites.

Removal of ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture wastewater by composite photocatalyst TiO 2 /carbon fibre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runqiang Yu ◽  
Xiaocai Yu ◽  
Jiayuan Fu ◽  
Yongxia Zhang ◽  
Yifu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Composite Photocatalyst ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater

scholarly journals Characterization of pyrolysis products of oil palm empty fruit bunch

2021 ◽  
Vol 749 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
Slamet Handoko ◽  
N. Nurhadi ◽  
Sri mujiati ◽  
Rachma Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Pyrolysis Products

scholarly journals Digestate Liquid Fraction Treatment with Filters Filled with Recovery Materials

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ilaria Piccoli ◽  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Carmelo Maucieri ◽  
Maurizio Borin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
N Removal

Constructed wetlands (CWs) represent a green technology for digestate liquid fraction (DLF) treatment. However, previous research has warned about their performance when treating wastewater with high suspended solid and organic loads. In addition, the high NH4-N concentration typical of this wastewater can compromise vegetation establishment and activity. In view of this, a digestate pretreatment is needed. This study aimed to test the performance of filters filled with recovery materials, such as brick and refractory material, for DLF pretreatment. The effect on DLF physical (electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature) and chemical (total nitrogen, ammonia–nitrogen, nitrate–nitrogen, total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand) characteristics was monitored during eight weekly cycles. The effect of filtration on total nitrogen and ammonia–nitrogen removal began after about one month of loading, suggesting that an activation period is necessary for bacteria. For effective N removal, the presence of multiple digestate recirculations per day through the filters appears mandatory to guarantee the alternation of nitrification and denitrification conditions. For P removal, filling material particle size appeared to be more important than its composition. Unclear performances were observed considering chemical oxygen demand. Further studies on filling media and microbial community interactions, and the long-term efficiency of filters, are desirable.

Preliminary Study on Reaction Kinetics of Ammonia Nitrogen in Aqueous Samples Removed by Microbial Nano-Silica Ball

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 528-531
Author(s):  
Chao Yin ◽  
Jia Lu ◽  
Xiao Hou Shao ◽  
Xin Yu Mao ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Aqueous Samples ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Kinetics Of

EM enrichment culture liquid was immobilized on nano-silica carrier to form microbial nano ball, so as to investigate the reaction kinetics of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) by microbial nano ball. The results showed that first order reaction kinetics model could describe NH4+-N removal by different diameter microbial nano-silica balls well. And the microbe could keep higher biological activity between 0-72h. Reaction kinetic equations of NH4+-N were: (1) when diameter was 10mm, (0-48h), (48-72h); (2) when diameter was 20mm, (0-48h), (48-72h); (3) (0-48h), (48-72h).

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