Amalgamation of g-C3N4 with KNbO3 for enhanced removal of Bisphenol A under sunlight irradiation

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is a pollutant exits in an enormous amount in wastewater effluent resulted from the rapid industrialization. Advanced oxidation technology (AOP) based on solar photocatalysis can be employed to solve this issue. This study will focus on adopting photocatalyst graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with potassium niobate (KNbO3) via a simple sol-gel synthesis method. The different weight percentages 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt% g-C3N4, were adopted to formed KNbO3/g-C3N4composites. The physicochemical properties of the created KNbO3/g-C3N4composites were characterized with advanced analysis methods to unveil this composite’s ability to enhance the photodegradation of BPA under sunlight irradiation. It was found that 1.0 wt% KNbO3/g-C3N4composites exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation of 69.39% in 5 h. This superior photodegradation of BPA was achieved resulted from the presence of g-C3N4that enhances light-harvesting, especially in the visible light spectrum. The increase of light-harvesting enables the composite to excite more electrons and holes leading to the massive formation of active radicals. These massive active radicals will then enhance the redox reaction and further improve the efficacy of the photodegradation of BPA. Hence, the outcome of this study path an alternative solution for eliminating complex organic pollutants in wastewater treatment.

Download Full-text

Aqueous Sol-Gel Synthesis of Different Iron Ferrites: From 3D to 2D

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14061554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1554

Author(s):

Justinas Januskevicius ◽

Zivile Stankeviciute ◽

Dalis Baltrunas ◽

Kęstutis Mažeika ◽

Aldona Beganskiene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Measurements ◽

Substrate Surface ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Yttrium Iron ◽

Iron Garnet ◽

Dip Coating Technique ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

In this study, an aqueous sol-gel synthesis method and subsequent dip-coating technique were applied for the preparation of yttrium iron garnet (YIG), yttrium iron perovskite (YIP), and terbium iron perovskite (TIP) bulk and thin films. The monophasic highly crystalline different iron ferrite powders have been synthesized using this simple aqueous sol-gel process displaying the suitability of the method. In the next step, the same sol-gel solution was used for the fabrication of coatings on monocrystalline silicon (100) using a dip-coating procedure. This resulted, likely due to substrate surface influence, in all coatings having mixed phases of both garnet and perovskite. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of the precursor gels was carried out. All the samples were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The coatings were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements were also carried out.

Download Full-text

Sol-Gel Synthesis of the Double Perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 by Microwave Technique

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14143876 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 3876

Author(s):

Jesús Valdés ◽

Daniel Reséndiz ◽

Ángeles Cuán ◽

Rufino Nava ◽

Bertha Aguilar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽

Microwave Radiation ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Double Perovskite ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

The effect of microwave radiation on the hydrothermal synthesis of the double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 has been studied based on a comparison of the particle size and structural characteristics of products from both methods. A temperature, pressure, and pH condition screening was performed, and the most representative results of these are herein presented and discussed. Radiation of microwaves in the hydrothermal synthesis method led to a decrease in crystallite size, which is an effect from the reaction temperature. The particle size ranged from 378 to 318 nm when pH was 4.5 and pressure was kept under 40 bars. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) results coupled with the size-strain plot method, the product obtained by both synthesis methods (with and without microwave radiation) have similar crystal purity. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques showed that the morphology and the distribution of metal ions are uniform. The Curie temperature obtained by thermogravimetric analysis indicates that, in the presence of microwaves, the value was higher with respect to traditional synthesis from 335 K to 342.5 K. Consequently, microwave radiation enhances the diffusion and nucleation process of ionic precursors during the synthesis, which promotes a uniform heating in the reaction mixture leading to a reduction in the particle size, but keeping good crystallinity of the double perovskite. Precursor phases and the final purity of the Sr2FeMoO6 powder can be controlled via hydrothermal microwave heating on the first stages of the Sol-Gel method.

Download Full-text

Electrical and magnetic properties of NiTiO3 nanoparticles synthesized by the sol–gel synthesis method and microwave sintering

Journal of Materials Research and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.jmrt.2017.07.007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 3097-3101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pavithra C. ◽

Madhuri W.

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Microwave Sintering ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Electrical And Magnetic Properties ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

Download Full-text

Effect of sol–gel synthesis method on the structural, electrical, and ferroelectric properties of lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramic

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s10971-019-05077-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 215-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shammi Kumar ◽

Mamta Shandilya ◽

Shweta Thakur ◽

Nagesh Thakur ◽

Gun Anit Kaur

Keyword(s):

Ferroelectric Properties ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Lead Free ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

Download Full-text

Nanoscale CaF2 doped with Eu3+ and Tb3+ through fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/c4tc01073f ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (40) ◽

pp. 8607-8613 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Benjamin Ritter ◽

Thoralf Krahl ◽

Knut Rurack ◽

Erhard Kemnitz

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

One Pot ◽

One Pot Synthesis ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

Easy upscaleable one-pot synthesis method at room temperature for ultra small sized Eu3+- and Tb3+-doped CaF2 nanoparticles.

Download Full-text

A versatile bio-inspired material platform for catalytic applications: micron-sized “buckyball-shaped” TiO2structures

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra04171f ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (58) ◽

pp. 47174-47182 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Deniz Altunoz Erdogan ◽

Touradj Solouki ◽

Emrah Ozensoy

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Lycopodium Clavatum ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Catalytic Applications ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

A simple sol–gel synthesis method is presented for the production of micron-sized buckyball-like TiO2architectures using naturally occurringLycopodium clavatum(LC) spores as biotemplates.

Download Full-text

REFINING THE SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS METHOD OF INTERMEDIATE, NANO-SCALE OLIVINE

10.1130/abs/2019sc-326921 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Olivia L. Pate ◽

◽

Michael T. DeAngelis

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Nano Scale ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

Download Full-text

One-pot sol-gel synthesis of sulfated ZrO2-SiO2 catalysts for alcohol dehydration

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v01-109 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 79 (8) ◽

pp. 1220-1223 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Quan Zhuang ◽

Jack M Miller

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Sulfated Zirconia ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Alcohol Dehydration ◽

One Pot ◽

Zirconium Propoxide ◽

The One ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

Sulfated ZrO2SiO2 catalysts were synthesized by one-pot sol-gel method using ammonium sulfate, zirconium propoxide, and tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursors. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption and DRIFTS. On calcining the gel at elevated temperature, the ammonium sulfate decomposed, giving a sulfated zirconiasilica catalyst. By adding ammonium sulfate to the sol-gel synthesis system, the surface area, pore size, and pore volume of the resultant catalyst were increased. The one-pot sol-gel synthesized catalyst with an optimum loading of SO42 14 mol% showed significantly higher catalytic activity, with a selectivity of 100%, for isopropanol dehydration when compared to the impregnated catalyst. The one-pot sol-gel synthesis method is an effective way to prepare sulfated zirconia catalyst.Key words: sulfated zirconia, sol-gel synthesis, acid catalyst, alcohol dehydration, N2 adsorption, DRIFT.

Download Full-text

Effect of the Gallium and Vanadium on the Dibenzothiophene Hydrodesulfurization and Naphthalene Hydrogenation Activities Using Sulfided NiMo-V2O5/Al2O3-Ga2O3

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10080894 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 894 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Esneyder Puello-Polo ◽

Yina Pájaro ◽

Edgar Márquez

Keyword(s):

Elemental Analysis ◽

Rate Constants ◽

Active Sites ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Elemental Mapping ◽

Sulfided Catalysts ◽

Nimo Catalysts ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

The effect of Ga and V as support-modifier and promoter of NiMoV/Al2O3-Ga2O3 catalyst on hydrogenation (HYD) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activities was studied. The catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis, textural properties, XRD, XPS, EDS elemental mapping and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The chemical analyses by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and CHNS-O elemental analysis showed results for all compounds in agreement, within experimental accuracy, according to stoichiometric values proposed to Mo/Ni = 6 and (V+Ni)/(V+Ni+Mo) = 0.35. The sol-gel synthesis method increased the surface area by incorporation of Ga3+ ions into the Al2O3 forming Ga-O-Al bonding; whereas the impregnation synthesis method leads to decrease by blocking of alumina pores, as follows NiMoV/Al-Ga(1%-I) < NiMoV/Al-Ga(1%-SG) < NiMo/Al2O3 < Al2O3-Ga2O3(1%-I) < Al2O3-Ga2O3(1%-SG) < Al2O3, propitiating Dp-BJH between 6.18 and 7.89 nm. XRD confirmed a bulk structure typical of (NH4)4[NiMo6O24H6]•5H2O and XPS the presence at the surface of Mo4+, Mo6+, NixSy, Ni2+, Ga3+ and V5+ species, respectively. The EDS elemental mapping confirmed that Ni, Mo, Al, Ga, V and S are well-distributed on Al2O3-Ga2O3(1%-SG) support. The HRTEM analysis shows that the length and stacking distribution of MoS2 crystallites varied from 5.07 to 5.94 nm and 2.74 to 3.58 with synthesis method (SG to I). The results of the characterization sulfided catalysts showed that the synthesis method via impregnation induced largest presence of gallium on the surface influencing the dispersion V5+ species, this effect improves the dispersion of the MoS2 phase and increasing the number of active sites, which correlates well with the dibenzothiophene HDS and naphthalene HYD activities. The dibenzothiophene HDS activities with overall pseudo-first-order rate constants’ values (kHDS) from 1.65 to 7.07 L/(h·mol·m2) follow the order: NiMoV-S/Al-Ga(1%-I) < NiMo-S/Al2O3 < NiMoV-S/Al-Ga(1%-SG), whereas the rate constants’ values (k) of naphthalene HYD from 0.022 to 2.23 L/(h·mol·m2) as follow: NiMoV-S/Al-Ga(1%-SG) < NiMo-S/Al2O3 < NiMoV-S/Al-Ga(1%-I). We consider that Ga and V act as structural promoters in the NiMo catalysts supported on Al2O3 that allows the largest generation of BRIM sites for HYD and CUS sites for DDS.

Download Full-text