Role of Nanostructuring of Sensing Materials in Performance of Electrical Gas Sensors by Combining with Extra Strategies

Nano Express ◽

10.1088/2632-959x/ac3636 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bala Ismail Adamu ◽

Peipei Chen ◽

Weiguo Chu

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensors ◽

Performance Enhancement ◽

Population Expansion ◽

Light Sources ◽

Three Dimension ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Fundamental Research ◽

Rapid Industrialization ◽

Size And Morphology

Abstract Nanostructuring, including tailoring dimensionality, size and morphology, and nanopatterning, is well recognized to play an increasingly important role in sensing units/chips of electrical gas sensors. As two predominant and fundamental configurations, chemiresistor- and field emission transistor (FET)-based electrical gas sensors are receiving increasing attention for fundamental research and practical applications. Herein, state-of-the-art overviews of electrical gas sensors are presented with emphasis on the role of nanostructuring in sensing units for both chemiresistors and FETs types, the strategies for their performance enhancement, and some key sensing mechanisms involved. Nanostructuring of sensing units and their dependence of the performance of chemiresistor- and FET-based gas sensors are discussed according to zero- (0D), one-(1D), two- (2D), and three-dimension (3D), respectively. Other types of gas sensors are also mentioned briefly. Some particular strategies such as loading external heat and light sources, electrical field, and mechanical forces for providing extra freedom to improve and optimize the performance are introduced in detail. Finally, a summary and future perspectives about gas sensors are given with some novel strategies, ideas, and solutions that could make it possible to meet the requirements of rapid industrialization, informatization, intelligentization, and population expansion.

Download Full-text

Graphene and Lithium-Based Battery Electrodes: A Review of Recent Literature

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13184867 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4867 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luca Lavagna ◽

Giuseppina Meligrana ◽

Claudio Gerbaldi ◽

Alberto Tagliaferro ◽

Mattia Bartoli

Keyword(s):

Performance Enhancement ◽

Electronic Conductivity ◽

Mass Scale ◽

Science Field ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Research Areas ◽

Materials Research ◽

Li Ion ◽

New Generation

Graphene is a new generation material, which finds potential and practical applications in a vast range of research areas. It has unrivalled characteristics, chiefly in terms of electronic conductivity, mechanical robustness and large surface area, which allow the attainment of outstanding performances in the material science field. Some unneglectable issues, such as the high cost of production at high quality and corresponding scarce availability in large amounts necessary for mass scale distribution, slow down graphene widespread utilization; however, in the last decade both basic academic and applied industrial materials research have achieved remarkable breakthroughs thanks to the implementation of graphene and related 1D derivatives. In this work, after briefly recalling the main characteristics of graphene, we present an extensive overview of the most recent advances in the development of the Li-ion battery anodes granted by the use of neat and engineered graphene and related 1D materials. Being far from totally exhaustive, due to the immense scientific production in the field yearly, we chiefly focus here on the role of graphene in materials modification for performance enhancement in both half and full lithium-based cells and give some insights on related promising perspectives.

Download Full-text

The Role of Different Lanthanoid and Transition Metals in Perovskite Gas Sensors

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21248462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (24) ◽

pp. 8462

Author(s):

Abdulaziz Alharbi ◽

Benjamin Junker ◽

Mohammad Alduraibi ◽

Ahmad Algarni ◽

Udo Weimar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensors ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Surface Reactivity ◽

Structured Materials ◽

Gel Technique ◽

Size And Morphology ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared ◽

A Site

Beginning with LaFeO3, a prominent perovskite-structured material used in the field of gas sensing, various perovskite-structured materials were prepared using sol–gel technique. The composition was systematically modified by replacing La with Sm and Gd, or Fe with Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni. The materials synthesized are comparable in grain size and morphology. DC resistance measurements performed on gas sensors reveal Fe-based compounds solely demonstrated effective sensing performance of acetylene and ethylene. Operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy shows the sensing mechanism is dependent on semiconductor properties of such materials, and that surface reactivity plays a key role in the sensing response. The replacement of A-site with various lanthanoid elements conserves surface reactivity of AFeO3, while changes at the B-site of LaBO3 lead to alterations in sensor surface chemistry.

Download Full-text

The Role of Mitochondria in the Detection of Infrared Light Sources by Mammalian Cells

10.21236/ada439696 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Guenter Albrecht-Buehler ◽

Robert L. Rea

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

Infrared Light ◽

Light Sources

Download Full-text

Heterodimer Formation of the Homodimeric ABC Transporter OpuA

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115912 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5912

Author(s):

Patricia Alvarez-Sieiro ◽

Hendrik R. Sikkema ◽

Bert Poolman

Keyword(s):

Abc Transporter ◽

Conformational Dynamics ◽

Host Organism ◽

Affinity Tag ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Fundamental Research ◽

Protein Multimerization ◽

Biochemical Analyses

Many proteins have a multimeric structure and are composed of two or more identical subunits. While this can be advantageous for the host organism, it can be a challenge when targeting specific residues in biochemical analyses. In vitro splitting and re-dimerization to circumvent this problem is a tedious process that requires stable proteins. We present an in vivo approach to transform homodimeric proteins into apparent heterodimers, which then can be purified using two-step affinity-tag purification. This opens the door to both practical applications such as smFRET to probe the conformational dynamics of homooligomeric proteins and fundamental research into the mechanism of protein multimerization, which is largely unexplored for membrane proteins. We show that expression conditions are key for the formation of heterodimers and that the order of the differential purification and reconstitution of the protein into nanodiscs is important for a functional ABC-transporter complex.

Download Full-text

Two-dimensional metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes): preparation, property, and applications in cancer therapy

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2019-0550 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2125-2145 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lu Ming Dong ◽

Cui Ye ◽

Lin Lin Zheng ◽

Zhong Feng Gao ◽

Fan Xia

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

Scientific Community ◽

Critical Role ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

Future Perspective ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Metal Carbides ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Two Dimensional Materials ◽

Size And Morphology

AbstractTransition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), which comprise a rapidly growing family of two-dimensional materials, have attracted extensive attention of the scientific community, owing to its unique characteristics of high specific surface area, remarkable biocompatibility, and versatile applications. Exploring different methods to tune the size and morphology of MXenes plays a critical role in their practical applications. In recent years, MXenes have been demonstrated as promising nanomaterials for cancer therapy with substantial performances, which not only are helpful to clarify the mechanism between properties and morphologies but also bridge the gap between MXene nanotechnology and forward-looking applications. In this review, recent progress on the preparation and properties of MXenes are summarized. Further applications in cancer therapy are also discussed. Finally, the current opportunities and future perspective of MXenes are described.

Download Full-text

The role of the Big Five personality factors in vigilance performance and workload

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.451 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 185-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Cynthia Laurie Rose ◽

Laura Bennett Murphy ◽

Lynn Byard ◽

Katherina Nikzad

Keyword(s):

Reaction Times ◽

Personality Factors ◽

False Alarms ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Perceptual Sensitivity ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Perceived Workload ◽

Big Five Personality Factors ◽

Task Parameters

Using the five‐factor personality model, the present study explored the influence of personality factors on sustained attention and perceived workload. Ninety‐six college‐aged participants were administered a 12 minute vigilance fast event rate task. Following the vigil, participants were asked to first, rate their perceived workload of the task using the NASA‐TLX, and then second, complete the NEO‐PI‐R personality inventory. Traditional measures of hits, false alarms, and reaction times were examined as well as the signal detection indices of perceptual sensitivity and response bias. Extraversion correlated with false alarms (r = 0.181; eta2 = 0.055) and conscientiousness correlated with both false alarms (r = −0.275, eta2 = 0.097) and perceptual sensitivity (r = 0.227, eta2 = 0.052). With regard to perceived workload, neuroticism was related to perceived frustration (r = 0.238, eta2 = 0.057). The findings are discussed in terms of theoretical implications, impact of task parameters, and practical applications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Download Full-text

Strategies for the performance enhancement of graphene-based gas sensors: A review

Talanta ◽

10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 235 ◽

pp. 122745

Author(s):

Zhuo Chen ◽

Jinrong Wang ◽

Yao Wang

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensors ◽

Performance Enhancement

Download Full-text

Managing uncertainty in a general insurance company

Journal of the Institute of Actuaries ◽

10.1017/s0020268100043109 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 173-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

C. D. Daykin ◽

G. B. Hey

Keyword(s):

Computer Model ◽

Flow Model ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

Simulation Methods ◽

Insurance Company ◽

Practical Applications ◽

General Insurance ◽

Alternative Approaches ◽

The Impact

AbstractA cash flow model is proposed as a way of analysing uncertainty in the future development of a general insurance company. The company is modelled alongside the market in aggregate so that the impact of changes in premium rates relative to the market can be assessed. An extensive computer model is developed along these lines, intended for use in practical applications by actuaries advising the management of genera1 insurance companies. Simulation methods are used to explore the consequences of uncertainty, particularly in regard to inflation and investments. Some comments are made on the role of actuaries in general insurance. Alternative approaches to describing the behaviour of an insurance firm in the market are considered.

Download Full-text