scholarly journals Graphene and Lithium-Based Battery Electrodes: A Review of Recent Literature

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Lavagna ◽  
Giuseppina Meligrana ◽  
Claudio Gerbaldi ◽  
Alberto Tagliaferro ◽  
Mattia Bartoli
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
New Generation

Graphene is a new generation material, which finds potential and practical applications in a vast range of research areas. It has unrivalled characteristics, chiefly in terms of electronic conductivity, mechanical robustness and large surface area, which allow the attainment of outstanding performances in the material science field. Some unneglectable issues, such as the high cost of production at high quality and corresponding scarce availability in large amounts necessary for mass scale distribution, slow down graphene widespread utilization; however, in the last decade both basic academic and applied industrial materials research have achieved remarkable breakthroughs thanks to the implementation of graphene and related 1D derivatives. In this work, after briefly recalling the main characteristics of graphene, we present an extensive overview of the most recent advances in the development of the Li-ion battery anodes granted by the use of neat and engineered graphene and related 1D materials. Being far from totally exhaustive, due to the immense scientific production in the field yearly, we chiefly focus here on the role of graphene in materials modification for performance enhancement in both half and full lithium-based cells and give some insights on related promising perspectives.

scholarly journals Role of Nanostructuring of Sensing Materials in Performance of Electrical Gas Sensors by Combining with Extra Strategies

Nano Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bala Ismail Adamu ◽  
Peipei Chen ◽  
Weiguo Chu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Size And Morphology

Abstract Nanostructuring, including tailoring dimensionality, size and morphology, and nanopatterning, is well recognized to play an increasingly important role in sensing units/chips of electrical gas sensors. As two predominant and fundamental configurations, chemiresistor- and field emission transistor (FET)-based electrical gas sensors are receiving increasing attention for fundamental research and practical applications. Herein, state-of-the-art overviews of electrical gas sensors are presented with emphasis on the role of nanostructuring in sensing units for both chemiresistors and FETs types, the strategies for their performance enhancement, and some key sensing mechanisms involved. Nanostructuring of sensing units and their dependence of the performance of chemiresistor- and FET-based gas sensors are discussed according to zero- (0D), one-(1D), two- (2D), and three-dimension (3D), respectively. Other types of gas sensors are also mentioned briefly. Some particular strategies such as loading external heat and light sources, electrical field, and mechanical forces for providing extra freedom to improve and optimize the performance are introduced in detail. Finally, a summary and future perspectives about gas sensors are given with some novel strategies, ideas, and solutions that could make it possible to meet the requirements of rapid industrialization, informatization, intelligentization, and population expansion.

Elevated Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.1Mg0.1Co0.8O2 and LiFePO4 Cathodes with Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) Phosphite as an Efficient Electrolyte Additive

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 6227-6233
Author(s):  
S. Arockia Shyamala Paniyarasi ◽  
S. Padmaja ◽  
M. Pushpa Selvi ◽  
R. M. Gnanamuthu ◽  
R. Nimma Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Irreversible Capacity ◽  
Electrolyte Additive ◽  
Lithium Diffusion ◽  
Nyquist Plots ◽  
Li Ion

The significant role of Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (TTFP) as an efficient additive during cycling of the layered nanostructured LiNi0.1Mg0.1Co0.8O2 and olivine LiFePO4 cathode materials in EC/DMC and 1M LiPF6 electrolyte for Li-ion battery are extensively investigated in this work. The electrochemical characterization techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that TTFP improves cycling stability and reduces the irreversible capacity of LiNi0.1Mg0.1Co0.8O2 and LiFePO4 electrodes. Also, the presence of TTFP in electrolyte solution reduces the impedance in LiNi0.1Mg0.1Co0.8O2 and LiFePO4 cathode materials at room temperature. A family of Nyquist plots was obtained from LiNi0.1Mg0.1Co0.8O2 and LiFePO4 electrodes for various potentials during the course of charging. The addition of TTFP in the electrolyte reduces the surface impedance of lithiated LiNi0.1Mg0.1Co0.8O2 and LiFePO4 which can be attributed to the reaction of the additive on the electrode’s surface. Also, the presence of the additive TTFP in LiNi0.1Mg0.1Co0.8O2 and LiFePO4 cell enhances the lithium diffusion rate and improves the electronic conductivity of the cathode material.

scholarly journals Chromosomics: Bridging the Gap between Genomes and Chromosomes

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine E. Deakin ◽  
Sally Potter ◽  
Rachel O’Neill ◽  
Aurora Ruiz-Herrera ◽  
Marcelo B. Cioffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Genome Plasticity ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
And Function ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Insight Into

The recent advances in DNA sequencing technology are enabling a rapid increase in the number of genomes being sequenced. However, many fundamental questions in genome biology remain unanswered, because sequence data alone is unable to provide insight into how the genome is organised into chromosomes, the position and interaction of those chromosomes in the cell, and how chromosomes and their interactions with each other change in response to environmental stimuli or over time. The intimate relationship between DNA sequence and chromosome structure and function highlights the need to integrate genomic and cytogenetic data to more comprehensively understand the role genome architecture plays in genome plasticity. We propose adoption of the term ‘chromosomics’ as an approach encompassing genome sequencing, cytogenetics and cell biology, and present examples of where chromosomics has already led to novel discoveries, such as the sex-determining gene in eutherian mammals. More importantly, we look to the future and the questions that could be answered as we enter into the chromosomics revolution, such as the role of chromosome rearrangements in speciation and the role more rapidly evolving regions of the genome, like centromeres, play in genome plasticity. However, for chromosomics to reach its full potential, we need to address several challenges, particularly the training of a new generation of cytogeneticists, and the commitment to a closer union among the research areas of genomics, cytogenetics, cell biology and bioinformatics. Overcoming these challenges will lead to ground-breaking discoveries in understanding genome evolution and function.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Li and transition metal fluoride phosphates as cathode materials for a new generation of Li-ion batteries

IUCrJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Antipov ◽  
Nellie R. Khasanova ◽  
Stanislav S. Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Metal Fluoride ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
New Generation

To satisfy the needs of rapidly growing applications, Li-ion batteries require further significant improvements of their key properties: specific energy and power, cyclability, safety and costs. The first generation of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries based on mixed oxides with either spinel or rock-salt derivatives has already been widely commercialized, but the potential to improve the performance of these materials further is almost exhausted. Li and transition metal inorganic compounds containing different polyanions are now considered as the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of Li-ion batteries. Further advances in cathode materials are considered to lie in combining different anions [such as (XO4)n−and F−] in the anion sublattice, which is expected to enhance the specific energy and power of these materials. This review focuses on recent advances related to the new class of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries containing phosphate and fluoride anions. Special attention is given to their crystal structures and the relationships between structure and properties, which are important for their possible practical applications.

scholarly journals Role of Bearings in New Generation Automotive Vehicles: Powertrain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maruti Khaire
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Application Specific

Modern Automobile powertrain’s technology is transforming to enable “connected, autonomous, shared and electric (CASE). Modern automobiles are targeting to achieve the maximum vehicle uptime, utilization, and better total cost of ownership (TCO). Bearing is a vital component (sub-system) to achieve modern automobile’s performance targets. Bearings plays important role of performance enhancement of all the rotating parts in systems by carrying the load and facilitating transfer of torque. Bearings achieve its performance via correct selection of materials, manufacturing technologies, design optimized geometries, sealing, lubrication in addition to application specific features. In modern automobile passenger comfort is key consideration and role of bearing is critical to achieve lower system noise. This chapter focuses on building awareness of the bearing technical requirements for different aggregates and means to achieve the requirements for modern automobiles. Summary of 11,300 patent’s titles and customer voice analysis suggest the bearing development focus areas direction which are covered in this chapter. This chapter also introduces bearing technology research focus areas like reliability improvement, power-dense solutions, integrated functions, friction optimization, sealing/lubrication solutions, adoption of sensors, and also special application-specific eMotors bearings. Modern electronic technologies integrated with bearings are performing the critical role of powertrain health monitoring in the vehicle. However, bearings are having furthermore potential to contribute and enhance the performance of modern automobiles in near future.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sustainable resources and their use as antibacterial agents: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Jyoti ◽  
Punyasloka Pattnaik ◽  
Tej Singh
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Low Toxicity

Background:: Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has attracted extensive vitality in numerous research areas such as drug delivery, biomedicine, catalysis etc. where continuous efforts are being made by scientists and engineers to investigate new dimensions for both technological and industrial advancements. Amongst numerous metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is a novel metal species with low toxicity, higher stability and significant chemical, physical and biological properties. Methods:: In this, various methods for the fabrication of AgNPs are summarized. Importantly, we concentrated on the role of reducing agents of different plants parts, various working conditions such as AgNO3 concentration; ratio of AgNO3/extract; incubation time; centrifugal conditions, size and shapes. Results:: This study suggested that eco-friendly and non toxic biomolecules present in the extracts (e.g. leaf, stem and root) of plants are used as reducing and capping agents for silver nanoparticles fabrication. This method of fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plants extracts is comparatively cost-effective and simple. A silver salt is simply reduced by biomolecules present in the extracts of these plants. In this review, we have emphasized the synthesis and antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles using various plant extracts. Conclusion:: Fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts have advantage over the other physical methods, as it is safe, eco-friendly and simple to use. Plants have huge potential for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles of wide potential of applications with desired shape and size.

An Analysis of Professional Competence Indicator Possession among U.S. Accounting Faculty

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Smith ◽  
David J. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Accounting Faculty ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
Cpa Exam ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
New Generation

ABSTRACT Recently there has been much discourse regarding the existence, extent, causes, and consequences of a purported divide between accounting practice and academia. The crux of this issue relates to the charge that many new-generation faculty have a primary focus on academic research, but lack significant practical experience or certification, and the related claim that students may lack the requisite skills upon graduation. This study addresses these concerns by examining the incidence and trend in the possession of practice credentials, experience, and other activities among accounting faculty who graduated between 1994 and 2013. We evaluate how differences in institutional focus, possession of a practice credential, and proportion of credentialed faculty manifest in research propensities, current business experience, and student performance on the CPA exam. We identify a downward trend in practice credential possession that is more pronounced at research-oriented institutions. We further find significant differences in experience and publication activity across levels of both institutional focus and possession of a practice credential. We also find that students from research-oriented universities, schools with separate AACSB accounting accreditation, and those with a higher percentage credentialed faculty perform better on the CPA exam. Other results and the role of adjunct faculty in bridging this alleged divide are also examined.

Evaluation of NO-treated fossil carbons as possible anode materials for Li-ion batteries – role of prior activation

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
M. Hofman ◽  
M. Walkowiak ◽  
L. Wachowski ◽  
B. Czajka ◽  
D. Waszak
Keyword(s):  
Anode Materials ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion

scholarly journals The search for new materials and the role of novel processing routes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wellmann
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
European Council ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Human History ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Novel Processing

AbstractThroughout human history, most further developments or new achievements were accompanied by new materials or new processes that enabled the technologic progress. With concrete devices and applications in mind, synthesis and subsequent treatment of materials naturally went along with the progress. The aim of the underlying article is to spot the role of optimization, of discovery, of trial-and-error approaches, of fundamentals and curiosity driven design and development. In a consecutive examination, five missions addressing the challenges facing our world (identified by the European Council) will be cross linked with seven topical areas from materials science defined by the European Materials Research Society. The scope of this examination is to identify approaches and methods to further develop and innovate materials which form the basis of the anticipated solutions.

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