scholarly journals A Tale of Two Concepts: Harmonizing the Free Radical and Antagonistic Pleiotropy Theories of Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1003-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Golubev ◽  
Andrew D. Hanson ◽  
Vadim N. Gladyshev
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽  
Theories Of Aging

scholarly journals Evolution of age-specific decline in stress phenotypes is driven by both antagonistic pleiotropy and mutation accumulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Everman ◽  
Theodore J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Mutation Accumulation ◽  
Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Theories Of Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stress Survival

AbstractEfforts to more fully understand and test evolutionary theories of aging have produced distinct predictions for mutation accumulation (MA) and antagonistic pleiotropy (AP) mechanisms. We build on these predictions through the use of association mapping and investigation of the change in additive effects of polymorphisms across age and among traits for multiple stress response phenotypes. We found that cold stress survival with acclimation, cold stress survival without acclimation, and starvation resistance declined with age and that changes in the genetic architecture of each phenotype were consistent with MA predictions. We used a novel test for MA and AP by calculating the additive effect of polymorphisms across ages and found support for both MA and AP mechanisms in the age-related decline in stress tolerance. These patterns suggest both MA and AP contribute to age-related change in stress response and highlight the utility of association mapping to identify genetic shifts across age.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Theories of Aging and Longevity

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid A. Gavrilov ◽  
Natalia S. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Accumulation ◽  
Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽  
August Weismann ◽  
Evolutionary Theories ◽  
Theories Of Aging ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Aging Studies ◽  
Theory Of Aging ◽  
Wide Readership ◽  
Experimental Findings

The purpose of this article is to provide students and researchers entering the field of aging studies with an introduction to the evolutionary theories of aging, as well as to orient them in the abundant modern scientific literature on evolutionary gerontology. The following three major evolutionary theories of aging are discussed: 1) the theory of programmed death suggested by August Weismann, 2) the mutation accumulation theory of aging suggested by Peter Medawar, and 3) the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging suggested by George Williams. We also discuss a special case of the antagonistic pleiotropy theory, the disposable soma theory developed by Tom Kirkwood and Robin Holliday. The theories are compared with each other as well as with recent experimental findings. At present the most viable evolutionary theories are the mutation accumulation theory and the antagonistic pleiotropy theory; these theories are not mutually exclusive, and they both may become a part of a future unifying theory of aging.Evolutionary theories of aging are useful because they open new oppor-tunities for further research by suggesting testable predictions, but they have also been harmful in the past when they were used to impose limitations on aging studies. At this time, the evolutionary theories of aging are not ultimate completed theories, but rather a set of ideas that themselves require further elaboration and validation. This theoretical review article is written for a wide readership.

scholarly journals Pathways to Brain Aging and Their Modifiers: Free-Radical-Induced Energetic and Neural Decline in Senescence (FRIENDS) Model - A Mini-Review

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naftali Raz ◽  
Ana M. Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Theories Of Aging ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Age Related Changes

In this mini-review, we survey the extant literature on brain aging, with the emphasis on longitudinal studies of neuroanatomy, including regional brain volumes and white matter microstructure. We assess the impact of vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory risk factors on the trajectories of change in regional brain volumes and white matter properties, as well as the relationships between neuroanatomical and physiological changes and their influence on cognitive performance. We examine these findings in the context of current biological theories of aging and propose the means of integrating noninvasive measures - spectroscopic indices of brain energy metabolism and regional iron deposits - as valuable proxies for elucidating the basic neurobiology of human brain aging. In a brief summary of the recent findings pertaining to age-related changes in the brain structure and their impact on cognition, we discuss the role of vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory risk factors in shaping the trajectories of change. Drawing on the extant biological theories of aging and mindful of the brain's role as a disproportionately voracious energy consumer in mammals, we emphasize the importance of the fundamental bioenergetic mechanisms as drivers of age-related changes in brain structure and function. We sketch out a model that builds on the conceptualization of aging as an expression of cumulative cellular damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species and ensuing declines in energy metabolism. We outline the ways and means of adapting this model, Free-Radical-Induced Energetic and Neural Decline in Senescence (FRIENDS), to human aging and testing it within the constraints of noninvasive neuroimaging.

Potentiation of bromotrichloromethane hepatotoxicity in male rats exposed to 10 ppm dietary chlordecone: Electron Microscopic and biochemical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
O. M. Faroon ◽  
R. W. Henry ◽  
M. G. Soni ◽  
H. M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Cellular Energy

Previous work has shown that mirex undergoes photolytic dechlorination to chlordecone (CD) (KeponeR) in the environment. Much work has shown that prior exposure to nontoxic levels of CD causes potentiation of hepatotoxicity and lethality of CCl4, BrCCl3 and other halomethane compounds. Potentiation of bromotrichloromethane hepatotoxicity has been associated with compounds that stimulate the activity of hepatic mixed-function oxidase (MFO). An increase in the metabolism of halomethane by the MFO to a free radical initiates peroxidative decomposition of membranal lipids ending in massive cellular injury. However, not all MFO inducers potentiate BrCCl3 hepatotoxicity. Potentiation by much larger doses of phenobarbital is minimal and th at by a more potent inducer of MFO, mirex, is negligible at low doses. We suggest that the CD and bromotrichloromethane interaction results in a depletion of cellular energy and thereby reducing the cellular ability to undergo mitosis.

Deaminative carbonylative thioesterification of activated alkylamines with thiophenols under transition-metal-free conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengqian Zhao ◽  
Xiao-Feng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Free

A transition-metal-free radical carbonylation of activated alkylamines with thiophenols has been successfully developed. Various thioesters were selectively produced with moderate to good yields.

1120: Citrate and Vitamin E Blunt the SWL-Induced Free Radical Surge in an In-Vitro MDCK Cell Culture Model

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 295-295
Author(s):  
Fernando C. Delvecchio ◽  
Ricardo M. Brizuela ◽  
Karen J. Byer ◽  
W. Patrick Springhart ◽  
Saeed R. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Mdck Cell ◽  
Cell Culture Model ◽  
Culture Model

Prognostic significance of serum free radical level in head injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-109
Author(s):  
A. Mishra ◽  
M.F. Huda ◽  
V.P. Singh ◽  
S. Mohanty ◽  
A. Sodhi
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Serum Free
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